2023年英语中考语法总复习—8.动词时态和语态

八、动词时态

【注意】

（1）陈述句变一般疑问句：主语I/we变you，some变any.

（2）特殊疑问句：what, when, why, who, where, how……

特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形+其他？Where do you study English？

特殊疑问词+be动词+主语（+其他）？Why is your mum so angry？

(3) 按照时间表发生的动作，可以用一般现在时表将来The shop opens at 10am. and finishes at 5pm.

【注意】

（1）always也可用于现在进行时，表示一种强烈的感情色彩，译为“总是”He is always telling lies.（2）某些特殊动词不能用于现在进行时。

① have当“有”讲时，不能用现在进行时。I have two books now.

②“belong to” The two people belong to me now.

③表示“心理活动

/状态/感觉”的词I want a dog now.

① be going to主要用于：主观判断

(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情：I’m going to play the violin.

(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生（有迹象表明要发生的事）。

Look！There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

② will主要用于：

（1）客观上将来势必发生的事情, 未经事先考虑, 临时决定的They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.

（2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事：Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.

（3）表意愿。问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令：Will you please turn on the radio？

(1) have/has been to “去过已回”She has been to Japan twice.

have/has gone to. “去了未回”Where is your twin sister? She has gone to Japan.have/has been in “待在某地” She has been in Japan for 2 years. (2) 动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。

当现在完成时与一段时间连用时，应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。

被动语态

1.一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词

一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分词

一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋动词过去分词

现在完成时：have／has been＋动词过去分词

2.含有情态动词的被动语态: “情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成

3.（1）时态保持一致。I have repaired my computer.—My computer has been repaired.

（2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用in短语。It is made by us（宾格）. It is made in Wuhan.

（3）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。He is often looked after by his best friend.

（4）主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人），主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。

My father gave me a book. →(1)I was given a book by my father. →(2) A book was given to me by my father.

（5）主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时要加上to，这类的动词有make, have, let, notice，see，watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel help等。

Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. →He was made to wash the dishes.

（6）如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think，hope, know, suggest等可以用于句型

“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”

It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

4.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

（1）英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

This kind of cloth washes well. The coats sell well.

（2）表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out（出现）等以主动形式表示被动意义。

（3）系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Your reason sounds reasonable.

5. 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

（1）在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。

（2）在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。

This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.

（3）在too…to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

The boy is too dishonest to depend on.

2023年英语中考语法总复习—8.动词时态和语态

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【注意】 （1）always也可用于现在进行时，表示一种强烈的感情色彩，译为“总是”He is always telling lies.（2）某些特殊动词不能用于现在进行时。 ① have当“有”讲时，不能用现在进行时。I have two books now. ②“belong to” The two people belong to me now. ③表示“心理活动 /状态/感觉”的词I want a dog now.

① be going to主要用于：主观判断 (1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情：I’m going to play the violin. (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生（有迹象表明要发生的事）。 Look！There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. ② will主要用于： （1）客观上将来势必发生的事情, 未经事先考虑, 临时决定的They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. （2）表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事：Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. （3）表意愿。问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令：Will you please turn on the radio？ (1) have/has been to “去过已回”She has been to Japan twice. have/has gone to. “去了未回”Where is your twin sister? She has gone to Japan.have/has been in “待在某地” She has been in Japan for 2 years. (2) 动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。 当现在完成时与一段时间连用时，应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。

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