剑桥11 TEXT 1 听力原文及翻译
剑桥11 TEXT 1 听力原文
SECTION 1
Hello?
您好？
Oh, hello、I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September 1st、
您好,我想问一下租用村务大厅得一间公共会议室得事宜,九月一日晚上要用。
Let me just see、、、Yes, we have both rooms available that evening、
我瞧瞧、、、、、、那天晚上我们得两个会议室都可以用。
There's our Main Hallthat's got seating for 200 people、Or there's the Charlton Room、、、
一个就是主厅,里面可容纳200个人。另一间就是Charlton会议室、、、、、、
The main hall seats 200, so 200 has been written in the space、
主厅可容纳200个人,所以空白处应该填写200。
Now we shall begin、You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time、Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 6、
现在考试正式开始。您需要在听得过程中回答问题,因为录音只播放一次。请仔细听并回答问题16。
Hello?
您好？
Oh, hello、I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September the first、
您好,我想问一下租用村务大厅得一间公共会议室得事宜,九月一日晚上要用。
Let me just see、、、Yes, we have both rooms available that evening、
我瞧瞧、、、、、、那天晚上我们得两个会议室都可以用。
There's our Main Hallthat's got seating for 200 people、Or there's the Charlton Room、、、
一个就是主厅,里面可容纳200个人。另一间就是Charlton会议室、、、、、、
Sorry?
不好意思,您说得就是什么会议室？
The Charlton Room CHARlT0N、That's got seating for up to one hundred、
Charlton会议室,名字拼写就是CHARlT0N。这间会议室最多可容纳100个人。
Well, we're organising a dinner to raise money for a charity, and we're hoping for at least 150 people, so I think we'll go for the Main Hall、
我们要组织一个筹款得慈善晚宴,预期至少会有150个人出席,所以我想我们还就是定主厅吧。
How much would that cost?
租用主厅要花多少钱？
Let's see、You wanted it for the evening of September 1st?
瞧瞧哈,您想要九月一日晚上用就是吧？
Yes, that's a Saturday、
对,就是个星期六。
So from 6 p、m、to midnight that'd be ￡115that's the weekend price, it's ￡75 on weekdays、
从晚上6点到12点就是115英镑,这就是周末得价格,工作日租用得话只要75英镑。
That's all right、
可以。
And I have to tell you there's also a deposit of ￡250, which is returnable of course as long as there's no damage、
还有,您还要交个250英镑得押金,当然了,只要主厅没有出现什么破损,就会把押金退还给您得。
But we do insist that this is paid in cash, we don't take cards for that、
但就是我们押金只收现金,不能刷卡。
You can pay the actual rent of the room however you like though cash, credit card, cheque、、、
实际租金随便怎么支付都可以,现金、刷卡、支票、、、、、、都没问题。
Oh, well I suppose that's OK、So does the charge include use of tables and chairs and so on?
嗯,我觉得应该没问题。您们收取得租金里面包括了使用桌椅之类得费用吗？
Oh, yes、And what about parking?
包括了得。停车费呢？
Yeah that's all included、
都包含在内了。
The only thing that isn't included is that、、、you said you were organising a dinner?
唯一一个没有包括得就是、、、、、、您刚才说您们要筹备一个晚宴？
Yeah、
就是得。
Well, you'll have to pay extra for the kitchen if you want to use that、It's ￡25、
那如果您们要使用厨房得话,还要额外支付25英镑。
It's got very good facilities —good quality cookers and fridges and so on、
厨房里得设备都很棒,有质量很好得厨具,还有冰箱等等。
OK, well I suppose that's all right、
好得,我想应该没关系。
We can cover the cost in our entry charges、
我们可以把这个费用分摊到入场费里。
Right、So I'll make a note of that、
好得,我把这个记下来。
Now there are just one or two things you need to think about before the event、
那么现在,在您们举行活动之前还有一两件事情需要考虑。
For example, you'll have to see about getting a licence if you're planning to have any music during the meal、
比如,如果您们打算在晚宴期间来点音乐得话,要着手申请一个许可证。
Oh, really?
真得吗？
It's quite straightforward, I'll give you the details later on、
那很简单得,我稍后把详细信息告诉您。
And about a week or ten days before your event you'll need to contact the caretaker, that's Mr Evans, to make the arrangements for entry he'Il sort that out with you、
另外,在活动开始前一个周或者十天左右,您需要跟管理员Mr、Evans联系,一起安排一下入
场事宜。她会跟您一起搞定得。
And do I give him the payment as well?
我要付钱给她吗？
No, you do that directly with me、
不,您直接把钱给我。
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10、
在播放剩下得录音之前,您有一些时间阅读问题710。
Now listen and answer questions 7 to 10、
现在请听录音并回答问题710。
Right、Now is there anything I need to know about what happens during the event?
好得。那么在活动进行期间,我还有什么要注意得事情吗？
Well, as you'll be aware, of course the building is no smoking throughout、
嗯,您可能也会注意到,在整栋建筑里任何地方都不能吸烟。
Of course、
没问题。
Now, are you having a band? Yes、
您们会请乐队吗？就是得。
Well, they'll have a lot of equipment, so rather than using the front door they should park their van round the back and use the stage door there、
她们会有很多乐器与设备得,所以,她们要把车停在后面,通过后台得门进来,而不就是从前门进来。
You can open that from inside but don't forget to lock it at the end、
您可以从里面把后台得门打开,但就是请别忘了结束之后把它锁上。
OK、
好得。
And talking of bands, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this, but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire doorthat's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level、It's a legal requirement、
说到乐队,我相信不用讲您也知道,但我还就是要强调一下。您们必须确保没人乱动防火门旁
边得黑盒子,那就是个当声音太大得时候会自动插入得系统。这就是个法律要求,必须遵守。
Sure、Anyway, we want people to be able to talk to one another so we don't want anything too loud、
应该得。反正我们也想让大家可以互相聊聊天,所以不会弄得太吵得。
Oh, that reminds me, we'll be having speechesare there any microphones available?
这正好提醒了我,我们到时候会有演讲,您们这儿有话筒吗？
Yeah、Just let the caretaker know, he'll get those for you、
有得,您跟管理员说就好了,她会给您们得。
Right, now when the event is over we do ask that the premises are left in good condition、
还有,我们要求活动结束之后室内保持整洁。
So there's a locked cupboard and you'Il be informed of the code you need to open that、
所以,我们会告诉您打开锁着得橱柜需要得密码。
It's got all the cleaning equipment, brushes and detergent and so on、
柜子里有所有得清扫装备——刷子、清洁剂等等。
Right, so what do we need to do after everyone's gone?
好得,大家都走了之后我们要做什么？
Sweep the floors I suppose?
扫地？
Well actually they have to be washed not just swept、
事实上,您们不仅要扫地,还要把地拖干净。
Then you'll be provided with black plastic bags, so all the rubbish must be collected up and left outside the door、
然后我们会给您们一些黑色塑料袋,您们必须把所有得垃圾都装起来放到门外去。
Of course、We'll make sure everything's left tidy、
当然啦。我们会确保一切都干净整洁得。
Oh、and I forgot to ask、
对了,我刚才忘记问了。
l presume we can have decorations in the room?
我们可以在房间里做些装饰吧？
Yes, but you must take them down afterwards、
可以,但就是结束之后必须把它们弄下来。
Sure、
没问题。
And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room、
还有,您们要把桌椅整齐地摆放在房间后面。
I'll make sure I've got a few people to help me、
我会叫几个人来帮我得。
SECTION 2
Wele to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm、
欢迎来到Fiddy Working Heritage 农场。
This openair museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century、
这个露天博物馆会让您们体验到19世纪末英国乡村地区得农业与农村生活。
So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time、
您们还会瞧到那个时期典型得农场面貌,并且这里所有得员工都与我一样,穿着那个时代得衣服。
I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further、
在我们继续进入农场之前,我必须跟您们提一些建议以及说一些安全要点。
As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals、
由于这个农场仍在运营中,所以请不要惊吓或者伤害这里得动物。
We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare、
这里有很多动物,而且很多都就是如今非常稀有得品种。
And do stay at a safe distance from the tools: some of them have sharp points which can be pretty dangerous, so please don't touch them、
还有,请一定要与农场工具保持安全距离,它们中有一些非常尖锐,会很危险得,所以请不要碰它们。
We don't want any accidents, do we?
我们可不想出现任何意外,对吧？
The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandals so I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes we always advise people to do that、
这里得地面坑坑洼洼得,如果您们穿着凉鞋过来得话可能会摔倒。我很高兴瞧见您们都穿了鞋子过来,我们一般都建议大家这么做。
Now, children of all ages are very wele here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs, so do bring them along next time you e、
我们欢迎所有年龄段得孩子来参观,而且即使特别小得孩子通常也很喜欢这里得鸭子与小羊,所以下次您们过来得时候可以带她们一起过来。
I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs、
我想您们应该没人带了狗过来吧,不过以防有人带了我还就是说一下吧,恐怕您们得把狗留在停车场了,除非它们就是导盲犬。
I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm、
我相信您们一定会理解得,因为它们可能会在农场造成很多麻烦。
、、、、、、
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20、
在播放剩下得录音之前,您有一些时间阅读问题1520。
、、、、、、
Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20、
现在请听录音并回答问题1520。
、、、、、、
Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm、
现在我给您们介绍一下农场得布局。
The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right, and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland —and of course the car park is on your left、
您们刚才买票得那栋楼就是New Barn,就在您们右边;现在我们在去农场得主道得入口处,还有,当然啦,停车场在您们左边。
The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path, is a traditional
figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture、
您们在停车场瞧见得那个放在主干道旁边角落里得稻草人,就是个防止鸟儿靠近庄稼得传统特色,不过我们得稻草人就是个固定得雕塑。
It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance、
它比真人还要高,所以您们从很远得地方就能瞧见它。
If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze、It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there、
往前瞧得话会瞧到一个迷宫。就在New Barn对面,那里右边得分岔路旁边。
The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them, but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!
围着这个迷宫得树篱比较高,小孩子就是没法儿通过篱笆从上往下瞧得,不过它实际上只就是个小迷宫,在里面不会走丢得。
Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?
您们能瞧见主干道远处那个鱼塘上面得桥吗？
If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it、
如果您们想去餐厅得话,就朝着那座桥走,在桥前面右转。
Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you e to、
沿着分岔路一直走,餐厅就在您们瞧到得第一个拐弯得地方。
The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old、
那栋建筑原本就是个校舍,现在已经屹立在那儿一百多年了。
As you may know, we run skills workshops here, where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork and basketmaking、
您们也许知道,我们这儿还开了个技能学习班,在这里可以学到像木工与编篮子这样得传统手工技能。
You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn、
您们可以去Black Barn瞧瞧样品,找相关人员聊聊这些课程。
If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll e to the Black Barn just where the path first bends、
从New Barn右边得这条岔路一直走,在第一个拐弯得地方就能找到Black Barn。
Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your
lunch with you、
现在我要跟您们说一下野餐得事情,因为我瞧见您们有些人已经带了午餐过来。
You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course、
您们可以在田里野餐,不过记得吃完要收拾干净。
Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard: just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right、
或者,如果您们不喜欢露天用餐得话,可以去农场院子附近,过了桥就能瞧见右边有个带屋顶得野餐场所。
And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself、From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard、
最后要提得一个地方就就是Fiddy House,您们可以从这里过桥,然后沿着步行小径一直走,穿过田野之后,走到农场院子左边。
That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it、
这么走就能到达Fiddy House,而且一路上得风景也很漂亮。
It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside、
这座房子绝对适合拍几张照片,不过由于这就是私人住宅,您们不能进去参观。
Right、Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm、
好了,如果您们都准备好了,那我们就出发去参观农场吧。
SECTION 3
OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned —the one about the study on gender in physics、
Greg,我终于瞧完了您提到过得那篇文章,就就是那篇关于研究物理学系得性别差异得文章。About the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team?
那篇Akira Miyake得团队研究大学生得文章？
Yeah、I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists、这些研究人员中实际上既有心理学家又有物理学家,这一点让我很感兴趣。
That's an unusual bination、
这种组合可不常见。
Yeah、I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on、
对,我一开始还有点弄不清楚,这项研究就是针对哪些学生进行得。
They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines、
她们并不真得都就是物理学专业得学生,她们得专业被称为STEM学科。
That's science, technology, engineering and、、、、、、and math、Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies、
里面包含了科学、技术、工程与、、、、、数学。对,但就是她们得一部分专业课都包括了物理学得课程。
That's correct、So as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college, and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men、
没错。从我理解得来瞧,Miyake团队就是以女学生在物理入门课程中出席率不足这一事实作为切入点得,而且那些选择了物理课程得女学生平均成绩也要比男学生差一些。
No one really knows why this is the case、
没人知道为什么会出现这种情况。
Yeah、But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results、
对,但就是这些研究人员基本上只就是想要弄清楚她们能做些什么,来改善这种女生成绩相对较低得情况。
But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem、
但就是为了找到解决方法,她们需要更深入地探究这一问题得本质。
Right、Now let's see if I can remember、、、it was that in the physics class, the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics、、、was that it?
没错,瞧我记得对不对、、、、、、在物理专业得班级中,女学生认为班上得男学生一致觉得她们根本不懂物理,对不对？
And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests、
而且她们还觉得男生指望她们在考试中取得不好得成绩。
That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results、
这只就是她们自己以为而已,不过这种想法使她们紧张不安,最终成绩不理想。
But actually they were wrong、、、No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all、
但她们就是错得,根本没人在对女学生做任何猜想。
Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple —getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class、
不管怎样,Miyake团队做得事情非常简单,她们让学生们在进入物理课教室之前,先写了一些东西。
What did they call it?
她们管这个叫什么来着？
Valuesaffirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them, not particularly to do with the subject they were studying, but more general things like music or people who mattered to them、
价值观认定。学生们要以对她们来说很重要得事情为题写一篇文章,不用特地选择与她们所学科目相关得话题,更多得就是像音乐或者对她们很重要得人这类更平常得话题。
Right、So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way、
对得,写这篇文章得想法就是让学生以一种积极得方式思考。
And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overe the psychological factors that lead to poor performance、Yeah、
而且把这些想法转换成文字,会让她们放松并帮助她们克服导致成绩不佳得心理障碍。
But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range、
但就是让研究人员大感意外得就是,这样一个简单得举动竟然使女生得物理成绩从C提高到了B。
A huge change、Pity it wasn't to an A, but still! No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in parison with the men、
成绩提高幅度很大啊。虽然很遗憾没有提高到A,但就是也不错了！不过这确实证明女学生与男学生相比,在考试之前就严重表现不佳。
Yes、Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details、
对,提醒您一下,Miyake得文章中还省略了很多细节。
Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?
比如,这些学生只写了一次文章,还就是好几次呢？
And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results、
还有,她们有没有告诉过这些学生为什么要写这篇文章？这可能会影响考试成绩得。
You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?
您得意思就是说,如果学生知道研究人员认为这个方法也许能帮助她们提高成绩得话,她们就会努力达到这个期望？
Exactly、
没错。
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 2830、
在播放剩下得录音之前,您有一些时间阅读问题2830。
Now, listen and answer questions 2830、
现在请听录音并回答问题2830。
So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study, but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result、
总之,我觉得我们在自己得项目中也可以做个相似得研究,不过我们要调查得就是,就是否真得就是这个写作环节导致得那个结果。
OK、So we could ask them to do a writing task about something pletely different、、、something more factual?
好得,我们可以叫她们以某个完全不同得事情,某个更加真实得事情为题写一篇文章？
Like a general knowledge topic、
比如以常识为题。
Maybe、、、or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task、
也许、、、、、、我们可以让一半学生完成写作任务,另一半做点别得事情,比如口头任务。
Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task、
再或者,我们可以让一半学生做与原本研究中同样得写作任务,剩下得一半以真实事情为题写一篇文章。
Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else、
这样我们就能知道就是否真得就是那个话题导致得成绩差异,还就是其她事情。
That's it、Good、So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project、
就就是这样,太棒了。那我们星期一与导师见面得时候,就可以跟她说我们已经决定好做什么项目了。
We should have our aims ready by then、
在那之前我们应该把目标确定好。
I suppose we need to read the original study —the article's just a summary、
我想我们需要把原本得研究瞧一遍,那篇文章只就是个总结。
And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky、It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, pared with singlesex teams and on their own、
我还读到过另一篇文章,就是Smolinsky写得。这篇文章研究得就是,与在单一性别小组以及自己独自学习时得表现相比,女生与男生在班上得混合性别小组得表现有什么不同。
Let me guess、、、the women were better at teamwork、
让我猜猜、、、、、、女生在团队合作时表现更好。
That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own、
我也就是这么想得,但就是事实就是,男生与女生无论就是在团队合作还就是独自一人时,表现都就是一样得。
But I guess it's not that relevant to us、
不过我想这个与我们得项目没什么关系。
What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time、
我真正担心得就是,要如何按时完成所有得事情。
We'll be OK now we know what we're doing、Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not、、、
现在我们已经知道要做什么了就没问题了。不过我不就是很清楚要怎么知道参与我们实验得学生就是否真得取得了进步、、、、、、
No、We may need some advice on that、
对啊,我们在这个问题上也许需要一些建议。
The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small、
主要得事情就是,我们要确保试样规模正确,不能太大,也不能太小。
That shouldn't be difficult、
这应该不难。
Right, what do we need to do next?
那我们接下来需要做什么呢？
We could have a look at the time table for the science classes、、、or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors、That'd be better、
我们可以瞧瞧科学系班级得课程表,或者我们也许应该跟一位科学系教授约个时间见一面。这样也许更好。
Great、And we could even get to observe one of the classes、
很好,这样也许还有机会观察其中一个班级。
What for?
观察什么？
Well、、、OK maybe let's just go with your idea、Right, well、、、
嗯、、、、、、好吧,也许我们还就是直接按照您得想法来吧。
SECTION 4
I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans、
我最近一直在关注海洋生物多样性,也就就是生活在世界海洋中得生物得多样性。
About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called 'biodiversity hotspots'、
大约20年前,生物学家提出了她们称为"生物多样性热点地区"得概念。
These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar、
这些地区拥有最大得混合物种群体,其中一个例子就就是马达加斯加。
These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation、
这些热点地区至关重要,因为它们给了我们锁定关键地区集中力量进行生物保护得机会。
Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily, but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans, and no one even knew if hotspots existed there、
生物学家们能够相当轻易地辨认出陆地上得热点地区,但就是直到最近之前,人们对海洋中得生物分布与多样性都知之甚少,甚至没人知道海洋中就是否存在这样得热点地区。
Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry、
接着在2005年,一个叫Boris Worm得加拿大生物学家从捕鱼业中获得了关于海洋物种得数据,并对其进行了研究。
Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in mon、
Worm锁定了海洋中像鲨鱼这样得大型食肉动物生活得五个热点地区,然后研究了它们得共同点。
The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots —the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard、
她预计会出现得主要共同点就是,在这些地区都有高度集中得食物来源,但就是令她感到意外得就是,这一观点只适用于其中四个热点地区,剩下得那个地区在这方面境况十分不佳。
But what he did find was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths, so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators、
不过她在所有案例中都发现了得一件事就是,即使那些海域深处得水温较低,但它们表层水温都相对较高。这一点似乎能够成为支持大型海洋食肉动物多样化分布得因素。
However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it—so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish、
但就是只有这一点还远远不够,因为她还发现海水中需要饱含足够得氧气,于就是这两个因素一起便足够证明这些大型鱼类得高代谢率观点了。
A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish —what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals、
两年之后,在2007年,一位在加利福尼亚州工作得研究人员,Lisa Ballance也开始寻找海洋热点地区。不过她感兴趣得不就是鱼类,而就是海洋哺乳动物,比如海豹。
And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in mon was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on、
她在海洋中找到了三个热点地区,它们得共同之处在于,所有得这些热点地区都位于洋流得交界处。这些海域中似乎拥有大量得浮游生物可供海洋哺乳动物食用。
So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible、
如今人们想要保护濒危物种得话,就要尽可能多地获取相关信息。
For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life、
举个例子来说,有一个国际工程叫做Census of Marine Life。
They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic、
她们调查了世界上所有得海洋,包括北极地区得海洋。
One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice —sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick、
她们在那儿发现了令其她研究人员瞠目结舌得一件事,那就就是冰层之下生活着大量得生物物种,有些甚至生活在20米厚得冰层之下。
Some of these species had never been seen before、
这些物种中有些人们之前从未见过。
They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions、
她们甚至还发现一种章鱼也生活在这种环境中。
And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there、
其她科学家也从事同样得研究,但她们研究得就是海底得一些非常与众不同得栖息地。她们发现有大量生物聚集在海底火山周围,吸引它们过来得就是那里温暖得海水与丰富得营养物质。
、、、、、、
However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species、
但就是,生物学家仍不知道每种生物得生存受到得威胁有多么严重。
So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land、
于就是现在一个名叫Global Marine Species Assessment 得组织正在编写一份陆地上濒危物种得名单。
So they consider things like the size of the population —how many members of one species there are in a particular place —and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms、
她们考虑得就是像族群规模(特定地区内某一生物得数量有多少)这样得因素,然后,她们便着眼于这些生物在地理上得分布。
Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening、
不过这一点在观察鱼类得时候相当困难,因为它们流动性太大了。第三步就是计算这种生物数量减少得比率。
So far only 1, 500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20, 000、
到目前为止,她们只评估了1500种生物,不过她们希望将这一数字增加到20000。
For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution、
她们在评估每一种生物时,都会用她们收集到得关于这种生物得数据来绘制一幅地图,显示它们得分布。
Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located
but also where they are most threatened、
最终,她们将不仅可以通过这些地图发现大部分生物生活得地点,还能弄清楚它们在哪里受到得威胁最大。
So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?
那么,要保持世界海洋中得生物多样性,我们能做些什么呢？
Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected、
首先,我们要在海洋中设置更多自然保护区,在保护区内海洋生物可以受到保护。
We have some, but not enough、
目前海洋中已经有了一些保护区,但就是还远远不够。
In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely、
另外,还有一些生物比如棱皮龟,它们生活在外海中,但就是筑巢点却在美国海岸,为了保护它们,我们需要建立一些迁徙廊道,这样它们就能从一个地区安全地到达另一个地区了。
As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species、
除此之外,我们还需要采取行动降低捕鱼限额,以防止濒危物种被过度捕捞。
And finally, there's the problem of 'bycatch'、
最后,还存在"副渔获"得问题。
This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats —they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying、
"副渔获"指得就是渔船会捕捞到不想要得鱼类,她们通常会把这些鱼放回大海,但就是放生时这些鱼一般已经死了或者命不久矣。
If these mercial fishing boats used equipment which was more selective, so that only the fish wanted for consumption were caught, this problem could be overe、
如果这些商业捕渔船能够使用挑选更加仔细得设备,以便只捕捞想要消费得鱼类,那么这个问题就能得以解决了。
OK、So does anyone have any questions、、、好了,有人想要问我问题吗、、、、、、