新视野第四册unit1

Unit One: Section A

Part One: New Words

1.temptation n. 1.[U] the action of tempting sb. 诱惑

avoid temptation 避开诱惑

yield to / give way to the temptation of 经不住 ... ... 的诱惑

2.[C] a thing that tempts or attracts sb. 诱惑物

All that money is certainly a big temptation.

那些钱当然是个极大的诱惑。

tempt: v. attract sb. or make sb. want to do or have sth.

Can't I tempt you to have another helping? 请再吃一点，好不好？

He felt tempted to ask the boss to give him some days off. 他很想让

老板放他几天假。

2.idle a. 1. without any particular purpose 无目的的

an idle glance漫不经心的一瞥

I don't know why I asked — just idle curiosity.

我不知道我为什么问这个问题，只是出于无意义的好奇心吧。

2. unwilling to work; lazy; wasting time 闲散的，懒散的，无所事事的

Men are left idle when machines break down.

机器出故障时，人们就闲着没事干了。

There are few idle people in their department.

他们部门几乎没有闲散人员。

3. not working or operating productively 空闲的，闲着的

We can't afford to have all this expensive machinery lying idle.

让所有这些贵重机器闲置着，我们可担负不起损失。

3.penetrate v. 1)move into or through (sth.) 穿透，渗入，进入

Our eyes couldn't penetrate the darkness.

我们的眼睛无法透过黑暗看东西。

The rain penetrated through to his skin. 雨把他淋得浑身湿透了。

2) understand sth. that is difficult to understand or is hidden

Science can penetrate many of nature's mysteries. 科学可以解

开很多自然之谜。

No one could penetrate the meaning of the inscription. 没有人

能读懂这铭文。

4.nuisance n. [C] things that causes trouble or inconvenience 恼人的人或事物

These cars are a real nuisance. 这些车真惹人讨厌。

They claimed that the noise from the concert was causing a public

nuisance. 他们声称从音乐会上传来的嘈杂声引起了大众的反感。

5.nonsense n. [U] meaningless or foolish ideas, words or behavior 胡说，废话

I believe that the report is nonsense and nothing but a waste paper.

我认为这报告废话连篇，只不过是张废纸。

They think the government's new ideas are nonsense.

他们认为政府的新构想是一派胡言。

6.sheer a. 1. (of clothes) thin, delicate and weighing little（织物）极薄的,轻的

sheer nylon tights 透明的尼龙连裤袜

2.（used for emphasis）nothing except; complete 完全的，彻底的

It is sheer nonsense. 这纯粹是胡言乱语。

It would be sheer folly to buy such a large car - we wouldn't be able

to afford to run it. 买这样大的一辆车真是愚蠢，我们根本开不起它。

7.observation n. 1. [C] a remark based on sth. one has seen, heard评论

He made some interesting observations on the current economic situation.

他对当前的经济形势作了一些有趣的评论。

She made a few general observations about my work.

她对我的工作笼统地作了些评论。

2. [U,C] the action of watching sb. / sth. carefully观察；观察记录

close and careful observation of an animal's behavior

对动物行为的密切仔细的观察

The patient was kept under observation all night. 这位病人被观察了一整夜。

They have published their observations of these birds.

他们发表了对这些鸟的观察报告。

Part Two: Language Points

1.respectable: a. considered to be socially acceptable because of having a good

character or appearance

She is a respectable young woman from a good family. 她是一位出身良好的体面的年轻女子。

He wanted to become a writer, but his father didn't think it was a respectable profession. 他想当一名作家，可他父亲认为作家不是一个体面的职业。

Compare:

respective: a. of or for each one; particular and separate

Neil came down from Sydney for the meeting and Lisa flew in from Perth, and when the meeting had finished, they returned to their respective homes. 尼尔从悉尼来参加会议，莉萨从佩思飞来，会议结束后，他们回到了各自的家中。

2.Please note that "annoyed" is modified by "a little". "Annoyed" can also be

modified by other adverbs, like "somewhat / very / a bit / pretty / much / rather / quite", etc.

I was a bit annoyed, for I forgot to put your name on. 我忘了把你的名字添上去，

我感到有点懊恼。

Eventually a senior official arrived for talks with the police, somewhat annoyed that he hadn't been told of where the talks would be held. 最终来了一位高级官员与警察会谈。没有人告诉他会谈在什么地方举行，这位官员感到有点恼火。

3.Here "no" means "not at all", and can be used as an adverb before comparatives.

The exam is no more difficult than the tests you've been doing in class. 这次考试一点也不比你们一直做的课堂测验难。

It's no colder today than it was yesterday but it's no warmer either. 今天并不比昨天冷，但也不比昨天热。

Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter. 有些人能想吃什么就吃什么，一点也不会胖。

4.for the most part:

1) usually; in general多半，就大多数而言，通常

For the most part, he is friendly. 总的来说，他是友好的。

Their remarks are for the most part correct.他们说的话大部分是正确的。

For the most part, he is honest. 总的来说，他是诚实的。

2) mostly

I found them, for the most part, a happy, contented group of people. 我发现

他们中的大部分人快乐、知足。

The people of this town are, for the most part, quiet and well-behaved. 这个镇上的人大多温文尔雅，彬彬有礼。

5.impose one's company / oneself upon / on sb.: 硬缠着某人

Don't impose your company / yourself on people who don't like you. 不要硬缠着那些不喜欢你的人。

The outing was ruined for everyone by a drunken tramp who imposed his company on the party and could not be shaken off. 大家郊游的兴致全被那个醉醺醺的流浪汉搅了，他死缠着大伙，甩都甩不掉。

6.accompany sb. to some place: go with sb. to some place

I was six years old and had to be accompanied to the cinema by my parents.

我只有6岁，只好由我的父母陪我去电影院。

7.for my part: as for me; in my opinion; as far as I'm concerned就我而言，至于我

I, for my part, was excited to see the Big Ben in London. 就我来说，看到伦敦的大本钟很兴奋。

For my part, I think he is innocent. 在我看来，我认为他是无辜的。

8.be full of surprises: do unexpected things

She's always full of surprises. 她老是做些出人意料的事。

9.count upon / on: expect with confidence; rely on料想；依靠，指望

We're counting on winning this contract. 我们希望能争取到这个合同。

I'm counting on you to help me. 我正指望你来帮我。

The company was counting on his making the right decision. 公司正指望他做出正确的决定。

10.take sth. / sb. seriously: consider sth. / sb. to be important认真对待

If we take it seriously, we will want to learn more about the factors which affect it. 如果我们认真对待它的话，我们会希望对影响它的因素有更多的了解。

Some people laughed at her, but after a while they began to take her seriously.

有些人取笑她，可是过了一会儿他们就开始认真看待她了。

11.make a fuss:

1)(about) express unreasonable anxiety or excitement about sth. esp.that is

not important对……小题大做，对……大惊小怪

There is nothing to make a fuss about. 没有什么值得大惊小怪的。

You shouldn't make all that fuss about so simple a matter. 这么简单的事，你不该那么大惊小怪。

2) (over / of) pay a lot of attention to sb., usu. to show one's love

They made a great fuss of the new baby. 他们非常宠爱这个新生儿。

When I arrived, my cousins made a big fuss of me. 我到了以后，我的表兄弟姐

妹们对我非常热情。

12.the last thing:1) sth. that is desired in the least 最不需要的

The last thing we need is to have the police involved. 我们最不需要的就是警察的介入。

The last thing he needed right then was more bad news about his son. 他当时最不想得到的就是关于他儿子的更多的坏消息。

2) sth. that is taken as the last one 最后一件事

The last thing he did before he fell fast asleep was to slip Sandy's diary inside his pillow. 他睡着前做的最后一件事是把桑迪的日记塞进自己的枕头。

13.run down: (cause to) weaken or exhaust in mind or vigor（使）筋疲力尽,衰退

His health ran down to a dangerous level. 他的健康状况已经恶化到危险的地步。

Since he took that extra job, he's really run himself down. 自从他接了那份额外工作以来，他真是把自己累坏了。

14.seat sb. / oneself: (formal) give sb. a place to sit; sit down in a place

He seated himself at one end, and Emily sat beside him.他自己坐在一头，埃米莉坐在他旁边。

Then she seated herself opposite him, and drew forward the small table. 然后她坐在他对面，朝前拉了拉小桌。

15.object to: feel or express opposition to or dislike of不赞成，反对

We object to being blamed for something that we haven't done. 我们反对因为与我们无关的事情而受到谴责。

He objects to the label "magician" which people often give him. 他反对人们称呼他为魔术师。

16.length: n. a piece of sth., esp. of a certain length or for a particular purpose

She was calm and stood patiently while he attached a small gold ball to a length of chain around her neck. 她平静耐心地站着，他把一个小金球系在她的项链上。

Feed the animals by hanging a piece of raw meat on a length of thread. 把生肉吊在一根绳子上给那些动物吃。

17.make an observation upon: make a comment about sth. or sb., usu. as a result

of watching how they behave

She has made some general observations on possible future developments.

她对未来可能的发展做了一些概述。

The book is full of interesting observations made on the nature of musical composition. 这本书里满是对乐曲本质的有趣评述。

Compare:

"Observation" also means "the action of watching sth. / sb. carefully".

She was admitted to hospital for observation. 她住进医院接受观察。

The police have him under observation. 警察在监视他。

18.in no sense: not at all

In no sense can the issue be said to be resolved. 这事根本没有解决。

His mind was in no sense brilliant. 他一点也不聪明。

19.melt: v. slowly go away or disappear (used about sb.'s feelings, etc.) (cause to)

become softer or less strong

The tension in the room began to melt. 屋子里的紧张气氛开始缓和。

He only has to look at her, and she melts. 他只需看着她，她的心便软了。

Nothing could melt the tyrant's heart. 什么也不能使暴君的心软下来。

melt away: disappear or make sth. disappear gradually

The noon sun will melt away the fog. 中午的阳光将会使雾消散。

Their differences melted away. 他们的分歧消除了。

20. a succession of: a number of things following each other closely一系列，一连串

The reason is that a succession of statistics suggest a rapidly weakening economy.理由是一连串统计资料表明经济在迅速衰退。

He thought life was just an endless succession of parties and dinners. 他认为生活只不过是一连串无休止的聚会和筵席。

21.drink in: look at or listen to with great interest陶醉于；如饥似渴地倾听

We just stood there drinking in the scenery. 我们只是站在那儿，沉醉于风景中。

They drank in the words of their leader. 他们全神贯注地听领导讲话。

He drew in his breath as he drank in her youthful beauty. 他陶醉于她的青春美丽，深深地吸了一口气。

22.Note the structure "might have done" is used to say that if a particular thing had

happened, then there was a possibility of something else happening. The structure "could have done" can also be used in this way.

She said it might have been all right, if the weather had been good. 她说如果当时天气好，就没问题了。

He could have got tickets if he had arrived there earlier. 他如果早到一会儿，就能买上票了。

23.yield to: give in to sth. because one cannot resist the temptation让步于，屈服于

Plenty of mysteries have lasted for centuries and finally yielded to explanation.

许多持续了数百年的谜最终得到了破解。

The battle was lost when many in high places yielded to pressures from beyond.

许多高层人士屈服于外来的压力，仗还是打输了。

24.sensible: reasonable, practical and able to judge things well

I think it's a very sensible suggestion. 我想这是一个很合理的建议。

It was sensible of her to cancel the trip. 她取消了这次旅行是很理智的。

Compare:

sensitive: 1) (of people) easily upset, esp. by things that are said or done; (of things) causing people to be upset or producing a difficult or embarrassing situation

Her reply showed that she was very sensitive to criticism. 她的回答表明她对批评很敏感。

Sex education and birth control are sensitive issues for the movement. 性教育和计划生育是该运动中的敏感问题。

2) understanding what other people need, and being helpful and kind to them

Dr. Li said he hoped teachers would be sensitive to signs of stress in children at exam time. 李博士说他希望教师们关注考试时孩子们紧张的迹象。

We are sensitive to the needs and expectations of our customers. 我们理解顾客的需要和期望。

Unit One: Section B

1.subject ... to: 1) make sb. experience sth. unpleasant（常被动）使遭遇

They have been subjected to unjust treatment for too long.

他们长时间受着不公正的待遇。

2) bring under control or dominion of

He tries to subject the whole family to his will. 他试图使全家人

服从他的意志。

2.take offence:feel upset or insulted 生气，见怪

Your parents will take offence if you leave early. 如果你早走的话，你父母会见怪的。

He takes offence at the slightest criticism. 他听到一点点批评就生气。

3.in one's opinion: used to say what one thinks about a particular subject

In my opinion, it's a very sound investment. 在我看来，这是一笔很合理的投资。

*There are some other similar expressions used to say what one thinks about something, e.g. to one's mind, in one's view, as I see it.

4.look back (on): remember what has happened in the past回顾，回忆

I always look back on those happy days I spent at college. 我总是回想起我在大

学里度过的快乐时光。

It's no good looking back— it's too late to change it now. 再想过去的事情已没有意义了，现在再改已经来不及了。

5.if anything: if anything definite can be said, this is it (used to express a cautious

opinion about sth., or after a negative statement to suggest that the opposite is true) 如果有……的话，甚至于还

The weather forecast is not for warmer weather; if anything, it is expected to be cooler. 天气预报说天气不会转暖，如果确有变化，只会变得更凉。

Turn the music down? It needs to be louder, if anything. 把音乐的音量调小？如果真要调，那也该开响一点。

6.obligation: n. a duty义务，责任

We have a moral obligation to protect the environment. 我们有保护环境的义务。

Parents have a legal obligation to ensure their child receives a proper education. 父母有保证孩子接受良好教育的法律义务。

oblige: vt. (usu. passive) force sb. to do sth. 迫使, 责成

Poor health obliged him to retire at an earlier age.糟糕的健康状况迫使他提早退休。

Parents are obliged by law to send their children to school. 父母们依照法律必须送他们的孩子去上学。

7.get out of hand: become uncontrollable 失去控制

When they arrived there, the angry crowd had already got out of hand. 他们到达那里时，愤怒的人群已经失去了控制。

8.nuclear family: a family unit that consists only of husband, wife and children…

核心家庭,小家庭,基本家庭(只包括父母和子女的家庭)

9.guarantee … against: make sure to avoid; protect from保证不

His insurance guaranteed him against monetary loss in case of fire. 他投的保险使他在遭受火灾时免受钱财损失。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/327767720.html,e apart: break or collapse破裂，崩溃，解体

I picked up the old book and it just came apart in my hands. 我拣起那本旧书，

它就在我手中散开了。

He pulled both ends of the stick, and it came apart in two pieces. 他把棍子两头一拉，棍子变成了两截。

11.keep … together: stop sth. from separating; join

They tried to keep the family together for the sake of the children. 为了孩子们他们努力使家庭团圆和睦。

Please keep these papers together. 请把这些文件放在一起。

12.in conjunction with: together with连同

I did the work in conjunction with three other people. 我与另外三个人一起做了

这项工作。

They acted in conjunction with the police in the hunt for the murderer. 他们与警察联合行动捉拿凶手。

13.at will: as one wishes任意，随便

The animals are allowed to wander at will in the park. 允许动物在公园里自由走动。

As an actor, he has to be able to cry at will. 作为一名演员，他必须能够随时在需要时哭出来。

14.throw in: 1) include sth. with what is sold without increasing price外加,另外奉送

You can have the piano for $200, and I'll throw in the stool as well. 你可以以200美元买下钢琴，我再额外奉送一只琴凳。

John threw in a couple of tires when he sold Bill his bicycle. 约翰把自行车卖给比尔时，还额外奉送了两只轮胎。

2) add a remark to a conversation偶然插入(话语), 穿插

Jack threw in some comments. 杰克插嘴评论了几句。

3) (在足球等比赛中)掷(界外球)

4) [口]入伙, 参加合伙经营

15.elastic a. 1. flexible; not fixed 灵活的，可改变的

Our plans are fairly elastic. 我们的计划是相当灵活的。

2. able to spring back into the original size 有弹性的，可伸缩的

This swimming costume is made of elastic material.

这件游泳衣是由弹性材料做成的。

16.by virtue of : (formal) by means of or because of由于

She succeeded by virtue of her hard working rather than her talent. 她成功靠的是刻苦努力而不是天生才智。

The player defeated his rivals by virtue of greater experience. 这位选手凭借更为丰富的经验战胜了对手。

17. a procession of: a number of; a succession of; a line of

The production was affected because of a procession of events. 由于一系列事件的发生，生产受到了影响。

18.dependent: a. depending依靠的, 依赖的, 由...决定的, 随...而定的

This consists of a married couple living together with their dependent children.

这包含了夫妻及与他们生活在一起并依靠他们的孩子。

Compare: dependant: n. a person who depends on another for home, money, food, etc.食客，侍从

This residence document permits you, but no dependant, to live and work in this country. 居住文件允许你，但不允许靠你供养的人，在这个国家生活和工作。

19.leave behind: ignore; fail or forget to take sth. / sb. with one

I must have left my keys behind. 我肯定忘了带钥匙了。

She's left that kind of student life behind. 她早已把那种学生生活忘得一干二净。

20.pursue: vt.1) do, have or take part in sth. 追求，从事

pursue a goal / an aim / an ideal 追求一个目标/ 目的/ 理想

She wishes to pursue a medical career. 她希望从事医疗工作。

2) follow or chase sb. / sth. 追赶，追击

She left the theatre, hotly pursued by the press. 她离开剧院时被新

闻记者紧追不舍。

pursuit: n. 1) [U] (of) the act of looking for or trying to find sth. 追求, 寻求

She traveled the world in pursuit of her dreams. 她周游世界，追

求梦想。

The whole magazine is produced and edited in the pursuit of

excellence. 这本杂志在出版和编辑的全过程中都力求完美。

2) [U] the act of following or chasing sth. 追赶,,追逐,追踪,追捕,追击

I galloped off on my horse with Rosie in hot pursuit (= following

quickly behind). 我纵马在前飞奔，罗西在后紧追。

The dog ran in pursuit of the rabbit. 狗追兔子

21.go off: leave (somewhere) in order to do sth. 离开，出发

He had gone off to work. 他出去上班了。

He decided to go off on a visit of his own. 他决定自己一个人出去游览。

22.in search of: looking for寻找，寻求

They went off in search of some matches. 他们出去寻找一些火柴。

I went off in search of a garage where I could buy some petrol. 我出去找一家汽

车服务站买些汽油。

23.scatter: v.

1) make people or animals move quickly in different directions（使）分散，驱散

At the first gunshot, the crowd scattered. 枪一响，人群就散了。

The explosion scattered the birds in the trees. 爆炸声把树上的鸟惊飞了。

2) (on / over / around) (with) throw or drop things in different directions so that

they cover an area of ground撒播

Scatter the grass seed over the lawn. (= Scatter the lawn with grass seed.) 把草籽撒在草地上。

They scattered his ashes at sea. 他们把他的骨灰撒向大海。

24.be better off (doing sth.): used to say that sb. is or would be happier or more

satisfied if he / she were in a particular position比较幸福，更幸运，更自在

She's better off without him. 没有他，她只会过得更好。

The weather was so bad we'd have been better off staying at home. 天气那么糟，我们待在家里就好了。

25.gamble v. 1. play games of chance, etc. for money 赌钱，赌博

When they played cards they always gambled. 他们玩纸牌时总要赌博。

He has gambled away half his wealth. 他赌掉了一半财产。

2. do sth. that involves a lot of risk 投机，冒险

Anyone who gambles on the stock exchange has to be prepared to lose money.

任何股票投机者都必须做好输钱的准备。

n. [U, C]赌博，投机，冒险

a military gamble 军事冒险

Investing in the stock was a gamble. 投资股票是一种赌博。

26.take it / sth. out on sb.: behave in an unpleasant way towards sb. because one

feels angry although it is not his / her fault向某人发泄自己的愤怒

You had a bad day. Don't take it out on me.你今天过得糟透了，但不要拿我出气。

She tended to take her frustrations out on her family. 她往往把气发泄在家里人身上。

27.continuity n. [U] the state of being continuous连续性，持续性，连贯性

lack continuity 缺乏连续性

The part can be cut out without harming the continuity of the story.

删去这部分不会损害故事的连贯性。

28.saddle v. 1. (with) give sb. a responsibility which he doesn’t want 使负担,强加

I've been saddled with the job of leading the club.

他们硬是把领导俱乐部的活儿交给我干。

2. put a seat on a horse 给（马等）装鞍

She saddled (up) the horse for her friend. 她替她朋友装好马鞍。

n. [C] a seat for a rider on a horse or a bicycle (马,自行车,摩托车)鞍,坐鞍saddle sb. / oneself with sth.: (often passive) give sb. / oneself an unpleasant responsibility, task, debt, etc. 使某人担负某项繁重工作或责任; 把...强加在某人身上;

使背上(包袱)

I've been saddled with organizing the conference. 我承担着组织会议的任务。

He was saddled with heavy debts. 他债台高筑。

29.mold (BrE mould): v.

1) (into) strongly influence the way sb.'s character, opinions把……塑造成,使形成

The experience had moulded and coloured her whole life. 这次经历影响和丰富了她的整个人生。

He moulded them into a superb team. 他把他们打造成了一支一流球队。

2) (into) (from / out of / in) shape a soft substance into a particular form浇铸，

用模子制作

First, mould the clay into the desired shape. 首先，把粘土捏成想要的形状。

The bust had been moulded in clay. 这座半身像是用粘土塑成的。

30.take on:承担，开始做

She took too much on and made herself ill. 她给自己太多负担，终于病倒了。

When I took this job on I didn't expect it to take all this time. 我接受这工作时没想到会花这么多时间。

31.in the end: at last; finally 到头来，最终

He had to work very hard and he passed his exam in the end.

他不得不刻苦学习，最终通过了考试。

32.no choice but to: the only choice to (do sth.)

You leave me no choice but to give in. 你使我没有别的选择，只好让步。

He had no choice but to agree. 他别无选择，只好同意。

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