瓜类蔬菜农药残留分布的特点及原因分析

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瓜类蔬菜农药残留分布的特点及原因分析

作者：王绪芬袁素芳

来源：《安徽农业科学》2014年第20期

摘要对滨州市瓜类蔬菜农药残留进行了检测，调查了瓜类蔬菜不同品种农药残留分布情况，并对其原因进行了分析。结果表明，共检测蔬菜样品280个，蔬菜样品检出90个；超标蔬菜样品检出7个；共检出农药11种，检出次数150次，检出最多的是氯氰菊酯，超标农药最多的是联苯菊酯，超标蔬菜全部为黄瓜，占总超标数的100%。主要原因是黄瓜保护地栽培面积较大，施用农药浓度过高，用药次数多，菜农忽视农药安全间隔期。

关键词瓜类蔬菜；农药残留分布；原因分析

中图分类号 S481+.8 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2014）20-06694-01

Analysis on Distribution Characteristics and Causes of Cucurbit Vegetable Pesticide Residues

WANG Xufen et al

（Binzhou Agriculture Bureau， Binzhou， Shandong 256603）

Abstract The pesticide residues in cucurbit vegetable in Binzhou City were detected， the residue distribution was investigated， and the causes were analyzed. The results showed that，among 280 vegetable samples， 90 vegetable samples were examined that have pesticide residue. 7 vegetable samples exceeded the standard and 11 kinds of pesticide were examined out 150 times. The pesticide that was examined out the most frequently is cypermethrin. The pesticide that exceeded the standard mostly is Bifenthrin. All the vegetable that exceeded the standard is Cucumber and it is 100% of the number that exceeded the standard. The main causation is that the area of cucumber protected cultivation is very great ， the pesticide applying consistency is high， applying pesticide is too frequent， vegetable farmers ignore the pesticide safe plastochrone.

Key words Cucurbit vegetable； Pesticide residue distribution； Cause analysis

滨州市与全国最大蔬菜批发市场寿光市毗邻，随着农村产业结构的调整，蔬菜生产发展迅速，生产的蔬菜远销全国各大城市，成为农村结构调整的支柱产业。多年来由于大量、连续地使用化学农药，使得病虫害对化学农药产生抗药性[1]，菜农只得加大农药的使用量[2]，禁用农药屡禁不止，造成蔬菜农药残留超标现象的发生[3]。

随着生活水平的不断提高，人们对蔬菜的质量有了更高的要求，即向着优质、安全、绿色的方向发展，但是农药防治仍然在蔬菜生产上扮演着重要角色。近年来，国家对农产品质量安全高度重视，为此，笔者于2011～2013年对滨州市瓜类蔬菜开展了农药残留检测工作，调查