《研究生英语综合教程上》B1 Unit 3

Reference Notes

Unit 3 Leisure Activities

Reading Focus

Why Harry’s Hot

Information Notes

1. About the text and the author

This passage is taken from Newsweek(July 16, 2000) exploring the underlying reasons why the Harry Potter series books make huge success. The passage is largely argumentative, involving the author's personal ideas about the Harry Potter books. It is a model essay in itself. Students are able to learn how to write an argumentative essay on the grounds of a particular phenomenon. The passage has a typically three-part anatomy that is easily recognized in an argumentative essay. It starts with the indisputable fact that the Harry Potter books capture the attention of an amazingly large audience, although they are confronted with challenges by some parents and conservative religious leaders. They disapprove of the Harry Potter books because they think that these books advocate witchcraft. Then the author makes his own comments on the Harry Potter books, including their merits and demerits. Finally, the author arrives at a conclusion that there is every reason to say that Harry Potter possesses all the earmarks of a classic.

Malcolm Jones writes about books, music, and photography for The Daily Beast and Newsweek, where he has written about subjects ranging from A. Lincoln to R. Crumb. He is the author of a memoir, Little Boy Blues, and collaborated with the songwriter and composer Van Dyke Parks and the illustrator Barry Moser on Jump!,

a retelling of Brer Rabbit stories.

2. About J.K. Rowling Harry and her Potter Series

Joanne "Jo" Murray, OBE(1965—), who writes under the pen name J. K.

Rowling, is a British author best known as the creator of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which was conceived while on a train trip from Manchester to London in 1990. The Potter books have gained worldwide attention, won multiple awards, and sold more than 400 million copies.,

Aside from writing the Potter novels, Rowling is perhaps equally famous for her "rags to riches" life story, in which she progressed from living on welfare to multi-millionaire status within five years. The 2008 Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune at￡560 million ($798 million), ranking her as the 12th richest woman in Britain. Forbes ranked Rowling as the 48th most powerful celebrity of 2007, and Time magazine named her as a runner-up for its 2007 Person

of the Year, noting the social, moral, and political inspiration she has given her fandom. She has become a notable philanthropist, supporting such charities as Comic Relief, One Parent Families, Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain, and the Children's High Level Group.

Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K.

Rowling. Since the 1997 release of the first novel Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, which was retitled Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone in the United States, the books have gained immense popularity, critical acclaim and commercial success worldwide. As of June 2008, the book series has sold more than 400 million copies and has been translated into 67 languages, and the last four books have consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history. So far, the book series includes seven books, including Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone (1997), Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998), Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999), Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000), Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (2008), Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005), Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007).

4. Michael Patrick Hearn is an American literary scholar and one of America's leading men of letters specializing in children's literature and its illustration. His works include The Annotated Wizard of Oz, The Annotated Christmas Carol, and The Annotated Huckleberry Finn.

5. The Wizard ofOz 《绿野仙踪》is a children's book written in 1900 by L. Frank Baum. It was originally published by the George M. Hill company in Chicago, and has since been reprinted countless times. The story chronicles the adventures of a girl named Dorothy in the land of Oz. It is one of the best-known stories in American popular culture and has been widely translated. Its initial success led to Baum's writing and having published 13 more Oz books.

6. Steven Spielberg(1946—) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. In a career of over four decades, Spielberg's films have touched on many themes and genres. Spielberg's early sci-fi and adventure films, sometimes centering on children, were seen as an archetype (原型) of modem Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years his movies began addressing such issues as the holocaust, slavery, war and terrorism.

Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for 1993's Schindler’s List (《辛德勒的名单》) and 1998’s Saving Private Ryan (《拯救大兵瑞恩》）. Three of Spielberg's films, Jaws (《大白鲨》) (1975), E.T. (The Extra-Terrestrial)（《外星人》）(1982), and Jurassic Park（《侏罗纪公园》）(1993), broke box office records,

each becoming the highest-grossing film made at the time.

7. P. L. Travers(1899--1996) was an Australian novelist, actress and journalist,

popularly remembered for her series of children's novels about the mystical and magical nanny Mary Poppins.

8. The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew: a TV series

which aired for three seasons on ABC from Jan.

30, 1977 to Jan. 14, 1979. In the TV series, the

brothers Frank and Joe Hardy and the girl

Nancy Drew are all amateur detectives. TV

series was was unusual in that it often dealt

with the characters individually, that is, some

episodes featured only the Hardy Boys and

others only Nancy Drew. The Hardy Boys and

Nancy Drew were also both successful book

publishing series.

The Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew were both

successful book publishing franchises, owned

by the Stratemeyer Syndicate, a publishing

group which owned many successful children's book lines.

9. Tolkien (John Ronald Reuel Tolkien) (1892--1973) was an English writer, poet,

philologist, and university professor, best known as the author of the classic high fantasy works The Hobbit （《小矮人》）and The Lord of the Rings（《指环王》）.

10. Dahl (Roald Dahl) (1916--1990) was a British novelist, short story writer and

screenwriter, bom in Wales to Norwegian parents, who rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults, and became one of the world's bestselling authors. His most popular books include The Twits（《坏心的夫妻消失了》）, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory（《查理与巧克力工厂》）, James and the Giant Peach（《怪桃历险记》）, Matilda （《小魔女》）, The Witches（《女巫》）and The BFG（《吹梦巨人》）.

参考译文

没有文学的休闲生活犹如死亡抑或活埋。

—西尼加(古罗马哲学家)

《哈利·波特》风行之迷

1J．K．罗琳发誓说自己从来没有过这种预想。她做梦也没有想到会有那么多人对她的书感兴趣。“我从来没有指望过有这么多人喜欢它，”在最近的一次访谈中她仍然这样说，“可是，很显然，我大错特错了。它在许多人心中产生了共鸣。”她说得很委婉。《哈利·波特》系列小说的前三部被翻译成了35种语言，已出版3,500万册，据保守估计，这三部书在三年时间里已经赚了四亿八千万美金。而这还只是个开始。《哈里·波特》系列小说的第四部《哈利·波特与火焰杯》初版530万册，加上高达180万册的订单，有望创造新的畅销书销售记录。12岁的杰克·莫里西的话很清楚地表达了他们这一代读者的想法。他说：“《哈利·波特》就如同生活，但比生活更美好。”

2 让人称奇的是，罗琳让每一册书的情节相互独立，但最后，她却能够巧妙地把它们衔接起来，形成一个意想不到的结局。单从叙述能力而言，《哈利·波特与火焰杯》也是《哈利·波特》系列小说中最好的一部。

3 当这本书终于在星期六午夜12：01面市时，在英国和北美，成千土万的孩子争相前来领（取预订的）书。书店举办了睡衣派对，邀请了一些魔术师表演，并提供曲奇饼和潘趣酒，可是没人需要这些，因为人们个个情绪高涨。有一次，顾客们发出了巨大的欢呼声，以致邻居们实在难以忍受而报了警。在美国北卡罗来纳州的夏洛特市“边界”连锁书店，12岁的艾琳·兰金一拿到书就快速翻到最后一页。“我听说有一个主角死了，我真的很想知道是谁，”她说。但是几分钟后她放弃了。“我做不到，我不能先看书的结尾。”

4 在对“哈利·波特”现象的一路欢歌中，出现的唯一一个不和谐音符来自于一些父母和保守的宗教领袖。他们认为罗琳在宣扬巫术。至少在17个州的25所学校校区内，阅读《哈利·波特》受到了质疑，而在堪萨斯州和科罗拉多州的学校里，《哈利·波特》系列丛书则被明令禁止。但是作为儿童图书专家和《绿野仙踪》的编辑，迈克尔·帕特里克·赫恩觉得这并不奇怪。“无论何种魔法都会被有些人视为邪恶，”他说，“《绿野仙踪》就曾经在80年代中期遭到正统派基督教徒们的抨击。”

5 但是对于“哈利·波特”现象最让人感到好奇的事情可能是几乎没有人会花时间去讨论这些书有多好或者多糟，尤其是当这些评论仅仅涉及书本身的时候。有一天，11岁的女儿问我是否认为《哈利·波特》是经典之作，我给出了一个恐

怕听起来十分成人化的回答，“时间会证明一切的。”这不能算是一个彻头彻尾的谎言，因为谁也没有办法预测有哪一本书能够代代相传。但事实上，我在闪烁其词。我女儿真正想知道的是：与罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森和马德琳·兰格尔这一类人相比较，罗琳到底有多棒。

6 我本可以告诉她我认为这些书是精心构思的通俗作品，是堪比史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格之电影的文学作品。本来我还可以告诉她我认为《哈利·波特》系列小说没有什么新意，它们与众多儿童经典作品有太多相似之处，所以有时候会给读者一种感觉，仿佛罗琳用现成的题材组编了这些故事。但是，这些故事绝对不仅仅是各个部分的简单相加。它们如此受欢迎的关键之处就在于无论是大人还是小孩都能够从阅读中获得乐趣。只有最好的作家——他们能够与修斯博士和菲利普·普尔曼，当然还有罗琳一样与众不同——才能够做到这一点。

7 《欢乐满人间》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟至极。她写到，“你不能把你想象的东西砍掉一部分然后写成一本专给孩子看的书，坦白地说，因为事实上你根本无从知道童年究竟是什么时候结束，而成人期又是什么时候开始的。它们相互连接、浑然一体。”在罗琳的书中，从语言开始，就有足够多的让大人和孩子都喜欢的东西。也许她文风朴实，但是她给人和物取名的方式显示了独特的原创才能。

8 优秀作家关注孩子特点的能力达到惊人的程度。罗琳不只一次地清楚表达出，即便是最勇敢的孩子也经常会表现得那么无助。在《哈利·波特》(二)中，当那位智慧的、对学生呵护有加的魔法学校校长邓布利多被驱逐出霍格华兹魔法学校时，哈利和他的同学们都感到恐惧万分。“邓布利多走了，前所未有的恐惧蔓延开来。”而这也让我很害怕。在罗琳所有的书中都流淌着一种潜在的伤感与迷失。在《哈利·波特》(一)中，变成孤儿的哈利盯着那面能够向照镜子的人显现出每个人内心深处愿望的厄里斯魔镜看，他看见了逝去的双亲。“直到我自己重读我写过的东西，我才意识到这个情节完完全全——完完全全地——来自于我对于母亲去世的感觉，”罗琳说，“事实上，我可以说，死亡、丧亲之痛以及死亡意味着什么是所有这七册书的中心主题之一。”而年轻的读者们能够领会这一份深刻的理性吗? 也许不能自觉地做到这一点吧。但是我认为，如果这些书只是一些有关魔幻之旅的有趣的故事，那么它们就不可能有这么广泛的吸引力。而且我知道，那样

的话成人就不会被它吸引。

9 《哈利·波特》系列小说并不完美。在这几本小说中我感到最大的缺失是一个绝妙的反面角色。我这里说的“绝妙的反面角色”是指“有趣的反面角色”。正因为高个子约翰·希尔弗既邪恶又迷人，所以他才让人更觉可怕。如果他仅仅只是坏的话，他带给我们的恐怖感会减少一大半。伏地魔王让人能够抗拒就是因为他仅仅只是一个十足的坏蛋。说了上面的缺点后，我要补充的是，罗琳在她的第四部书里以一个反面角色超越了自己。这个坏蛋极具魅力，你永远想象不到会有这样的人，因而他相当令人恐惧。

10 除了这个吹毛求疵的意见，罗琳的书可能是孩子们所接触到的最好的书，而且阅读这些书也不是家长强加的任务。我羡慕那些阅读这些书的孩子，因为在我还是个孩子的时候，可没有这么好的东西——我的意思是说，我们没有靠自己去发现有这么好的东西，不像现在的孩子，他们找到了哈利。我们深深地记着哈迪男孩和南茜·朱尔，但是当我们尝试着重新阅读这些角色的时候，他们的魅力很快就消失了。罗琳的书也许不如托尔金的书那么具有权威性，也不如达尔的作品那般跌宕起伏，但是她的书将涉世未深的读者带入了一个相当高的娱乐水准。《哈利·波特》系列小说还有三部尚未出版，现在下定论还为时尚早。但是，就目前我们看到的情况来看，特别是在最新出版的这一部，《哈利·波特》具备了经典作品的所有特征。

Key to Exercises

Text Exploration

Task 1

Introduction: Para. 1—4

The series have achieved huge success.

A. The series appeal to an enormous number of people.

Example 1: The first three books have earned $480 million in 3 years.

Example 2: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire promises to break all previous bookselling records. (Para. 1)

Example 3: In Britain and North America, thousands of children rushed to claim their copies when Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire was on sale.

B. Some parents and conservative religious leaders disapprove of

the Harry Potter books because they think that these books Example：Reading of the books has been challenged in 25 school districts and the

books have been banned in schools in Kansas and Colorado.

The Author’s comment on the Hurry Potter Books (Para. 5-9)

A. The Harry Potter books have much merits:

a. They are beautifully crafted works of entertainment, the literary counterpart of Steven Spielberg.

b. They amount to much more than just the sum of parts of children’s classic, and they can be read by children and adults with equal pleasure.

c. The language of the books may be unadorned, but the way with naming people and things is quirky and original.

d. Adults also find the books appealing because of the deep intellectualism in them. B. A disadvantage of the Harry Potter books is an absence of an

interesting villain in the first four books.

Conclusion (Para. 10)

There is every reason to say that Harry Potter possesses all the earmarks of a classic.

A. Both children and adults enjoy reading the books.

B. The books introduce young readers to a very high standard of entertainment.

Task 2

1. F—Para. 2;

2. F—Para. 3;

3. T—Para. 4;

4. F—Para. 5;

5. F—Para. 6;

6. T—Para. 7;

7. F—Para. 8;

8. T—Para. 8;

9. F—Para. 9; 10. F—Para. 10 Vocabulary in Action

1. A v. fascinate 想到要在雨中久等让人扫兴。B v. earnestly request 呼吁，请求

C v. request a higher court to change a judgment 上诉

2. A v. pledge, swear 许诺，发誓 B v. appear promising, 有…的希望∕可能

C: n. hope, possibility 希望，可能

3. A: take sb’s attention 引起（注意）B: state, declare 声称，断言

C：demand or ask for sth you think you have a right to 索取，索要

4. A: take/make a note 做笔记B；a particular sound in sb’s voice 口气，调子

C of note: of importance/great interest 重要的；引人注目的

5. A：prep. considering B: adj. fixed, particular C: adj. fixed, particular

6. A: 谱曲；配词B：express in a particular way C: write

7. A: l ikes and dislikes喜好B: similar things C refer to V ocabulary on page 70

8. A: express clearly B: connect C. join with joint

Task 2

1. stack up against

2. struck a chord

3. amounted to

4. chopping off

5. appeal to

6. pick up on

7. turned out

8. fade away

9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3

1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Task 3 (From Harry Potter VI: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, beginning Para.

1, 2, 4, and 5)

1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Chinese translation:

雪花又在窗外旋舞，扑打着结冰的窗棂，圣诞节转眼将至。海格已经独自一人把礼堂里每年少不了的十二棵圣诞树搬来了；楼梯栏杆上都缠上了冬青和金属箔；甲胄的头盔里闪烁着长明蜡烛，走廊里每隔一段都挂上了一大束一大束的槲寄生。每次哈利从走廊上走过时，总会有一堆堆的女孩聚在槲寄生下面，造成交通堵塞。幸好哈利频繁的夜游使他对城堡中的秘密通道摸得透熟，能够不太困难地在课间绕过有槲寄生的路线。

这种绕道以前会让罗恩感到嫉妒而不是开心，现在他却只是哈哈大笑。虽然哈利觉得这个嘻嘻哈哈的新罗恩比前几星期那个郁闷、好斗的罗恩好得多，可这改变却也代价高昂。首先，哈利不得不经常看到拉文德·布朗，这女孩似乎把不亲吻罗恩的每一刻都当做浪费；第二，哈利再次成了两个似乎要永远不跟对方说话的人的好朋友。

“她没什么可抱怨的，”他对哈利说，“她亲了克鲁姆，结果发现也有人想亲我。嘿嘿，自由国家嘛，我没做错什么。”

哈利没有回答，假装专心在看明天上午魔咒课前要读完的那本书（《第五元素：探索》）。他虽然决心继续做这两个人的朋友，但现在很多时候都闭着嘴巴。

Reading More

Europeans Just Want to Have Fun

About the text and the author

About the text: This passage is taken from Time (Jul. 28, 2003) revolving around different attitudes toward leisure in Europe and the United States. The passage is mainly contrastive, bringing open to the reader the different pictures of work and life in Europe and in the United States. It begins with some eye-catching phenomena in Paris, Berlin, Madrid, Dublin and Prague where people have a lot of fun. Then the author

illustrates the change in Americans' attitude toward leisure and the reasons why Americans and Europeans treat leisure in a different way. Finally, the author makes a prediction that the idea of a work-life balance might catch on in future in the United States.

About the author:Michael Elliott is a TIME columnist who frequently writes TIME’s lead stories. He worked as the editor of TIME Canada edition and now is TIME Asia’s edito r. He is a regular commentator on television, especially with CNN and CNN international, and with Charlie Rose Show on PBS-TV

参考译文

何不即时享乐呢?太多次幸福是因为一些愚蠢的准备而消弭于无形。

—简·奥斯丁

享受生活——这就是欧洲人

欧洲人有那么长的假期和那么多的舞会，我们(美国人)为什么不能也放松一下呢?

1 法国国庆日前夕，我在穿过巴黎的圣米歇尔大街时，很偶然地碰到了一位老友——一位已经在巴黎呆了25个年头的美国人。他告诉我说自己迷上了跳探戈舞。困惑之余，我就按照他建议的那样沿圣路易岛对面的塞纳河左岸溜达了一下，一探究竟。

2 那是一个场面盛大的舞会。在一块临时搭建的露天圆形剧场上，一大群衣着华丽的人正跳着探戈舞。不远处，不同族裔的人群跳着梅仑格舞。一轮满月爬上了朗朗的夜空，另外有数百人在河边尽情享受着野餐。在孚日广场喝了鲜美的鱼汤后，夜色已深。我来到了玛黑区狭窄的巷子，不经意间看到了一个即兴街区派对。有人在人行道上架起了音响设备，街道上挤满了人——异性恋者、同性恋者、老老少少、各色族群。大家跳着萨尔萨舞。

3 欧洲人过得真自在。是的，七月下旬，一贯如此。我在巴黎的这个周末，估计有50万名年轻人一下子涌到了柏林，参加一年一度的“爱的巡游”。与此同时，成千上万的家庭从潮湿的欧洲北部，经长途旅行前往位于温暖南部的度假屋。但即便不是阳光明媚的天气，欧洲人仍然能够以极大的热情投入到娱乐和欢庆当中。周末的伦敦市中心简直就是一个饮酒派对。昔日受宗教政治桎梏，一度沉闷、压抑的城市，如马德里和都柏林，而今也要狂欢至凌晨两三点钟。在布拉格，人们谈论的外来游客不再是90年代初接踵而至的那些一本正经的美国年轻人，而是那

些冲着廉价啤酒和漂亮妞儿慕名而至的英国派对客。这个曾经被英国史学家马克·马佐沃称作“不折不扣的黑暗大陆”——从它那被腐蚀的灵魂中曾迸出过法西斯的恐怖——如今却俨然变成了一个狂欢的欧洲，一个尽情享乐的社会。

4 想来可笑。这本应该是美国的模样嘛！1976年出版的丹尼尔·贝尔的《资本主义的文化矛盾》一书收录了他的一系列著名的随笔散文。在书中，他指出了新教狭隘价值观的衰败如何使美国资本主义脱离了它的劳动具有内在价值中的道德基础。早在20世纪60年代，贝尔就指出：“文化层面上的对资本主义的正名是享乐主义，让娱乐成为一种生活方式。”《时代》杂志同意这一观点。1969年，《时代》周刊一篇题为《加利福尼亚：激情之州》的封面专题报道说，正如大多数美国人所认为的那样，“美好的、非宗教性的、集体的快乐追求成为加州一切活动的缩影……‘我已经看到了未来，’一位刚从加州回来的游客说，‘玩是行得通的。’”

5 然而，美国的未来并未变成我们期望的样子。欧洲人现在缩短了他们在办公室或工厂里的工作时间并延长了假期(在法国，一周的工作时间超过35小时则被视为违法)，但是，美国人却得出结论：只有拼命工作、拼命玩儿，才能感到快乐。于是，他们的工作时间变得越来越长了。之后，他们到像长岛的汉普顿区那样的地方度过一个人满为患的周末，并创造了独一无二的美国式的休闲理念——时间表排的慢慢的快乐假期，即用一个接一个的约会把休息日塞得满满的，好像与办公室的预约没有什么区别似的。与此同时，美国的保守派认为，欧洲人对享乐生活的渴求(真可耻!)和每年六周的假期证明了欧洲人缺乏严肃认真的态度。他们还认为，欧洲人迟早会为经济(衰退)而悔恨流泪的。

6 为什么欧洲人和美国人对待工作和休闲的态度会截然不同呢? 我认为原因有两点。首先，西欧拥挤的环境与北美宽广的空间造就了不同的消费取向。总体来说，与珍惜时间的程度相比，美国人更看重物质，比如：运动型多功能车、7,000平方英尺的房子，而欧洲人正好相反。其次，正如贝尔所预言的那样，美国作为一个宗教国家的自我意识开始复苏了。最起码，基督教的清教徒教旨教义对美国人一直都有感召力，宗教中宣传这样一条严厉的训条：勤奋工作有益于灵魂。然而，现代欧洲却一直规避这条令人抑郁的训条。

7 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针

对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，这种平衡观点可能还是会流行起来。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔·凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。

8 他们要是能学跳探戈就更好了。

Key to Exercises

Text Exploration

Task 1

Introduction: Europe is enjoying itself. For example:

A. In Paris, people were tangoing away, doing the merengue, enjoying picnics, holding

an impromptu block party, and dancing to salsa.

B. In Berlin, about 500,000 kids attended Love Parade.

C. In S. Europe, numerous families spent their vacations.

D. In Madrid or Dublin, people rock to the small hours.

E. In Prague, British partygoers desire for the cheap beer and pretty girls.

The attitude towards leisure in the US (Para. 4—5)

A. In the 1960s, hedonism or the idea of pleasure as a way of life prevailed.

B. There was a change in Americans’ attitude.

a. Americans started to think that you could be happy only if you work hard and play hard.

b. American conservatives believed that Europeans’ desire for the pleasures of life and long vacations was evidence of a lack of seriousness and would eventually end in economic tears.

Reasons for Europeans’ and Americans’ different attitide toward work and leisure: (Para. 6)

A. Firstly, the crowded confines of Western Europe and the expansive space of North America have led to varied consumer preferences.

B. Secondly, Americans are influenced by the puritanical version of Christianity, sending the message that hard work is good for the soul whereas modern Europeans avoided this lesson.

Conclusion (Para. 7—8)

The idea of a work-life balance might catch on in future in the US. For example,Bill Keller encouraged the staff to do a little savoring of life by spending time with their families or viewing arts

Task 2

1. C—Para. 1

2. A—Para. 3

3. A—Para. 3

4. C—Para. 4

5. B—Para. 4

6. D—Para. 5

7. A—Para. 5

8. C—Para. 7

Vocabulary in Action

Task 1

1. A. festive adj. 节日气氛的；欢乐∕宴的 B. festivals n.

C. festivity n. 庆祝活动——Para. 3

2. A. precedence n. 优先，优先权 B. precedent n. 先例

C. preceded v. come/happen before

D. unprecedented 史无前例的—Para. 3

E. preceding adj. coming/happening before

3. A. descendant n. 后代，子孙B. descend on v. 降临—Para. 3

C. descent n.下降；降临

4. A. justified adj. 合法的；正当的B. justification n. approval 赞同；批准—Para. 4

C. justify v. prove to be just

D. justifiable adj. suitable, logical 合理的

5. A. confines n. limits 限定范围—Para. 6 B. confinement n. imprisonment 囚禁

C. confine … to v. 限定

6. A. repression n. 压制，抑制B. repressive adj. 压制的，抑制的—P. 79, L.1

C. repressed adj 受压抑的

Task 2

1. took painting up for a while

2. A stroll round the garden

3. tucked into the whole pizza quickly

4. stumbled across/on/upon an extremely simple but very exact method

5. with unprecedented zeal

6. the intrinsic value of every person/individual

7. as if it were no different from chess

8. in any event we'll telephone you

9. is packed with tourists

10. He's mulling over the proposal

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