2017 §专题二：主谓一致讲义§

§专题二主谓一致§

谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、语法一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。

一、语法一致原则：主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。

1、不可数名词、动名词、不定式、从句等做主语时，谓语通常用单数。

Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.

To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.

Everything is in a complete mass,which drives people crazy.

2、主语后加介词短语或其他插入语，with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,like,but,except,including,rather than,no less than, rather than, more than, over,including, in addition to等，谓语动词的人称和数与注意的人称和数保持一致。

The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.

My father,together with his workmates,has been to Beijing.

3、由and, both…and 连接两个单数名词谓语用复数，但当and连接的两个名词指同一个人，同一物，同一事，同一概念时谓语用单数。

Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.

The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.

4、定语从句中关系代词做主语，从句中谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。在“It+be+强调部分+that/who...”强调句型中，be一般用单数形式。如果强调的是主语，that/who后的谓语动词由被强调部分决定。

My friend showed me around the town,which was very kind of him.

It is I who am going to be a pilot.

5、“more than one/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。every/each/no 修饰单数名词，以及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

Every boy and every girl is having sports now. / More than one student has failed the exam.

【特别注意】“more+复数名词+than one”做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。

6、“one ＋单数名词and a half ”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。

He said that one and a half apples is enough.

7、不定代词either, each, one, another, anyone, anybody , no one, nobody, some one, somebody, anything, nothing, something, everything, everyone, everybody, neither等作主语时，谓语用单数，none做主语时，谓语单复数均可。

There is nothing wrong with the machine. / None of the farmers has (have)been abroad.

8、在四则运算中谓语单复数均可：Three and four is (are) seven. /Two times ten is (are) twenty.

二、意义一致原则:取决于主语所表达的内在含义。只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。

1、表示时间、距离、重量、体积、金额等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。

Ten pounds was missing from the box.

2、主语为集合名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集合名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, people, police, public, staff, team 等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。而有的名词则是单数、复数相同，如sheep, deer, aircraft, means, fish, works,species,series,Chinese等，作主语时，就必须根据意思来确定其谓语的单复数形式。

请比较：The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. / The class are doing experiments.

3、kind/form/type/sort/pair/species/portion/series of等修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的

单复数：Two series of new stamps have been ordered.

【特别注意】the average of …“……的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。

4、“the ＋adj.”结构指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。

The disabled are well taken care of in this country.

5、分数、百分数，the majority of，the minority of做主语，谓语动词单复数取决于of后面名词的数以及其表示的意义；all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义：Most of the workers have gone home for a holiday.

6、当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。另外，当and 连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。

War and peace is a constant theme in history./Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.

【特别注意】英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：

iron and steel 钢铁；law and order 治安；bread and butter 黄油面包；a watch and chain 一块带链的表；

a knife and fork 刀叉；truth and honesty 真诚；a coat and tie 配有领带的上衣；aim and end 目的

7、“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数；“a quantity of”后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数集其表示的意义。

A quantity of time has been wasted on the project. = Quantities of time have been wasted on the project.

8、“a number/variety/group of+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用复数，“the number/variety of+复数名词”做主语，谓语动词用单数。

9、以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

Bad news travels quickly. [谚语] 坏事传千里。

三、就近一致: 谓语动词根据它前面最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式，来决定自身的数的形式。

1、当连词or, not…but…；either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but (also)…等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式常与最靠近的词语保持一致。

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

Not only the door but also the windows are open.

2、在倒装句中，谓语与后面第一个主语的数保持一致（需认准主语是哪个）。

In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.

3、当一个句子是由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.

There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.

〖能力考法——考查主谓一致〗

一、根据要求填空。（共25小题）

1、In that country,the rich _________________(become) richer,the poor,poorer.

2、Each boy and each girl__________________(go) to serve the people in summer holidays.

3、The majority of doctors _______________(believe) smoking is harmful to health.

4、The nation wants peace,only a minority ________________(want) the war to continue.

5、No one except for two students _____________________(be late for) the meeting.

6、Either you or one of your students ___________(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.

7、It was you,not I,who ______________(be) too much dependent on medicine and never did exercise.

8、Such poets as Shakespeare ______________(be)widely read,of whose works,nevertheless,some ____________(be) difficult to understand.

9、[课标全国2016] Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ____________(be)often acceptable.

10、[安徽安庆望江2015检测改编]Kathie is reading the note which ____________(be) left in the drawer the other day.

11、[安徽黄山2015一模改编] Emails,though occasionally exposed to misleading information,___________(be) considered more convenient than traditional letters.

12、[浙江杭州2015质检改编] I like eating meat,but what was once an innocent pleasure __________(be) now

a very guilty one.

13、[天津和平2015一模改编]Teenagers’ tastes and preferences ______________(be) shaped by what they see in the media.

14、[福建2013]The famous musician,as well as his students,_______________________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

15、[2014厦门质检] According to the press,nothing but some fingerprints ________________________(find) left in the broken-in store.

16、[2014陕西西工大附中第四次适应性考试] The trouble with such resources as coal,oil and gas ________________(be)that they are not renewable.

17、[2014甘肃兰州一中]Large quantities of information,as well as some timely help,________________(offer) since the organization was built.

18、[2014安徽庐江中学第三次月考改编]It is reported that many a new house _____________________(build) at present in the affected area.

19、[江苏建凌中学2015质检改编]No one in the department but Tom and I __________________(know) that the director is going to resign.

20、[湖南师大福州2015月考改编]Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture,and he as well as his assistants _________________(be) to arrive by air.

21、[北京重点中学2015联考改编]Neither I nor Amy _________________(be) to attend the business conference if we are busy.

22、[江苏宿迁三校2015联考改编]With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth ____________(be)being washed away each year.

23、[湖南十三校2014联考改编]Our school along with many other brother middle schools ________________(be) to take another joint test next month.

24、[湖南师大附中2016月考五]Today a new form of communication WeChat,which ________________(own)

a Chinese name Weixin,is becoming the most influential text and voicing tool all over the world.

25、[广东六校联盟2016第三次联考改编]Notwithstanding,the few who say no ________________(be) afraid that their parents would love them less if they had a sibling.

二、单项选择。（共20小题）

（）1.A large number of students in our class _____girls,to be more exact there are 30 girls in our class,and the number _____changing.

A.are,is

B.is,are

C.is,is

D.are,are

（）2.[2000上海]Every possible means________ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A.is used

B.are used

C.has been used

D.have been used

（）3.—________ either you or Mary sent to help Tom with his English homework yesterday?

—Neither ________ sent to，actually.

A. Was; was

B. Was; were

C. Were; was

D. Were; were

（）4.[2012湖南]All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health.

A: show; are B: shows; are C: show; is D: shows; is

（）5.Butter and bread _____their daily food, but the bread and the butter _____up now.

A. is; is eaten

B. are; have been eaten

C. are; are eaten

D. is; have been eaten

（）6.More than one worker_________sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years. A.is B.has been C.are D.have been

（）7.The population of China ______ about 1200 million, and eighty percent of it ____ peasants.

A. is; are

B. are; is

C. is; is

D. are; are

（）8.[2012辽宁协作校高三一模]More than one ________ the people heart and soul.

A. official has served

B. officials have served

C. official has served for

D. officials have served for

（）9.Many a student ________ failed in the biology exam，and Tom is the only one of them who ________ decided to give up the course.

A.have；has

B.have；have

C.has；have

D.has；has

（）10.[2011湖南]One third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people.

A: is; are B: is; is C: are; are D: are; is

（）11.[2014江苏苏州第一次调研] --Tom,were all the students on the school bus injured?--No,______only the three who got hurt.

A.there was

B.there were

C.that was

D.it was

（）12.[2013湖南]The university estimates that living expenses for international students _____ around $8,450 a year, which _____ a burden for some of them.

A: are; is B: are; are C: is; are D: is; is

（）13.[2014湖南师大附中第七次月考]So far many possible means have been tried, but none _____ to be practical．A．was proved B．have been proved C．proves D．proved

（）14.[2014安徽第五次联考]It is said that large amounts of water _______ wasted every year in China, and that one third _______ the amount that could be saved.

A.are; is

B.is; is

C.are; are

D.has been; are

（）15.[2014福建清流一中段考]As a result of people's destroying the forest, a larger _____ of desert _____ covered the earth in recent years.

A: number; has B: number; have C: quantity; has D: quantity; have

（）16.[2014山东淄博期末]Large amounts of money ______ spent on the bridge, which ______ to be completed the next month.

A. were; was expected

B. was; was expected

C. was; expected

D. were; expected

（）17.[2014安徽宣城调研]--Mike,what did our monitor say just now?--Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who_______to visit the museum ______asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.

A.is,is

B.are,is

C.is,are

D.are,are

（）18.[2014吉林实验中心第四次段考]The cattle trapped in the heavy snow __ successfully before another cold wave comes.

A.have been saved

B.has been saved

C.are saved

D.is saved

（）19.[2014安徽马鞍山一模] At the bottom of her bed _______ many decorations that my daughter made for the coming new year.

A. hangs

B.hang

C.is hung

（）20.[2014湖南郴州质检]Mr. Black, as well as the p D.are hungrofessor who________ from Beijing University, ________ to attend our school meeting.

A. come; is

B. comes; are

C. comes; is

D. come; are

§专题二主谓一致习题答案§

〖能力考法——考查主谓一致〗

一、根据要求填空。（共25小题）

1.become

2.goes

3.believe

4.want

5.was late for

6.is

7.were

8.are,are

9.is 10.was 11.are 12.is 13.are 14.was invited 15.has been found

16.is 17.has been offered 18.is being built 19.knows 20.is 21.is 22.are 23.is

24.owns 25.are

二、单项选择。（共20小题）1-5：ACCDD 6-10：BAADA 11-15：DACAC 16-20：ABABC

3、考查主谓一致。either…or…连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的判断遵循“就近原则”，离首空最近的主语是you，故第一空用were，注意开头字母要大写；neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故选C。

4、第一空，evidence 是不可数名词，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式shows。第二空，主语是increasing use

of chemicals in farming，中心词是use，所以谓语也应该用第三人称单数形式is。故正确答案为D。

5、本题考查主谓一致和时态。句意：黄油面包是他们每天的食物，但是黄油和面包现在已经吃完了。第一空的butter and bread表示的是同一个概念,谓语动词用单数形式;第二空the bread 和the butter指的是两种不同的食物,且由now可知是已经吃完了，故选D。

6、句意：在过去的三年中不止一个工人被送去培训中心提高他们的工作技能。根据句中的时间状语in the past three years判断用现在完成时；当more than one 做主语时，虽然表示复数概念，但谓语动词应该用单数形式，选B。

7、population人口，作主语，谓语用单数；根据空后的表语peasants为复数判断用are。

8、本题考查主谓一致。句意为：不止一个官员在全心全意为人民服务。more than one后跟动词的单数第三人称形式。serve此处为及物动词。

9、主谓一致。Many a +单数名词谓语动词用单数，不止一个。Who 引导定语从句，看先行词，如果先行词是one of+ 名数复数，则定语从句谓语动词用复数形式。；如果先行词是the only one of+名词复数，定从的谓语动词则用单数形式。本句话意思为，不止一个学生生物考试不及格，Tom 是唯一一个决定放弃这门课的学生。

12、本题考查主谓一致。前半句中主语为复数名词living expenses，因此谓语应该用复数形式。which _____

a burden for some of them 是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面半句The university estimates that living expenses for international students _____ around $8,450 a year 的一件事，所以谓语应该为第三人称单数形式。故正确答案为A。

15、desert 为不可数名词，应使用“a large quantity”来形容“大量”。“a large number of”用于可数名词。不可数名词做主语，谓语动词应使用单数。故正确答案为C。

18、cattle 集合名词,谓语动词用复数,“before another cold wave comes”表明用完成时态,故选择A

19、分析试题：句意：在床下悬挂着我女儿为即将到来的新年做的很多装饰。这里At the bottom of her bed 是地点状语，提前后，句子用完全倒装，谓语动词放在主语前面，主语是many decorations所以谓语是复数，排除AC，因为many decorations和hang是主动关系，排除D，选B

20、第一空考查定语从句中的主谓一致，who做主语因此谓语动词与先行词一致，the professor是单数，故谓语动词用单数；第二空谓语动词的主语是Mr Black，as well as后的不能看在主语里面，故用单数，综上选C。

2017英语二真题答案

2017英语二真题解析 试题精析 [答案][C] warning 考点：上下文语义理解 解析：空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。其他三项[A] boasting [B] denying [D] ensuring 均不符合此处的语境要求，故均排除。 [答案][A] inequality 考点：上下文语义理解 空格单词后面的句意看到了贫富对比，故作为上文对其进行概括关键应选择inequality。[答案][D] prediction 考点：时态判断 空格之后的内容“holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，”该定语从句是对空格词汇的修饰与说明，既然文中用到了will 这一个表示将来时态的助动词，故答案为prediction。 [答案][A] characterized 考点：后置定语+ 固定搭配 one 4 by purposelessness。其他三项均不符合，故排除。 5.[答案][B] meaning 考点：句间语义理解 Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed.空格所在句后

面的表述与空格前的内容属于并列关系，由逗号连接。答案选择meaning。[A] wisdom [C] glory [D] freedom 这些选项都表示褒义色彩和后面lazy、depressed 矛盾。 6.[答案][B] Indeed 考点：上下文逻辑关系 分析下四个选项可以看出并无体现因果关系故[A] Thus排除，另外instead，nevertheless 表示转折语意，但是上下文逻辑并无体现。故[A]Instead [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless均排除。 7.[答案][C] working 考点：上下文语义理解 One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans.根据上下文对比的语意对照应该选择working。前面提到unemployed 。此处在进行对比，故选择表示反义呼应的词working。 8.[答案][A] explanation 考点：句内语意理解+固定搭配 some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. [答案][D] among 考点：句内语义理解、介词辨析 很明显应该指前者的发生范围。浏览四个选项，among“在....中”表示范围，符合此处语义需要，故为答案。 [答案][C] worry about 考点：上下文语义理解+句内语义理解 Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. [答案][C] necessarily

l主谓一致讲解最全面主谓一致讲解

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2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题 Section I Use of English Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danahe r says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated

主谓一致的讲解最全面的主谓一致的讲解

创作编号： GB8878185555334563BT9125XW 创作者：凤呜大王* 主谓一致的讲解 一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1.由and 连接主语时 And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数 1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students. Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold. 小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子 Both rice and wheat are grown in this area. 2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting. 那位教授兼作家正在会上发言 A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor. 一位新闻记者兼作家 His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe. 他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行 The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet. 总理兼外长 比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school. the writer and educator has visited our school. His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可 A boy and girl are playing tennis. 3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数 Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加 Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour. Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistake No boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里 注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多 Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie. 4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数 A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up. 法规制定