高中英语Unit4Astronomy教案新人教版必修3

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars

随堂练习

1、Do you know the following subjects?

①Medicine

Medicine is a subject that contains biology and chemistry.

②Biochemistry

Biochemistry is a subject that contains biology and chemistry.

③Geophysics

Geophysics is a subject that contains geology and physics.

④Astronomy

Astronomy is a subject which uses knowledge both from mathematics and physics.

2、Think about what you have read and make choices.

①Why was the earth different from other planets?（B）

A It produced a lot of heat.

B The water remained.

C Water disappeared.

D It was the oldest planet.

②Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?（C）

A The earth had a solid shape.

B The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.

C The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.

D The earth was not too hot and not too cold.

③Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?（B）

A Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.

B Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.

C Animals could hide from hunters in forests.

D It was easier for plants to grow.

④What problem is caused by human beings?

A They exist everywhere on the earth.

B They cause global warming.

C They find new methods of growing crops.

D They enjoy hunting and fishing.

2、Can you put the order of development of life into a time line? Use the reading

to help you.

A insects and amphibians appear ⑦

B a solid ball ②

C reptiles appear ⑧

D a cloud of dust ①

E shellfish and other fish appear ⑤

F dinosaurs appear ⑨

G small plants grow on the water ④

H plants begin to grow on dry land ⑥

I presence of water ③

J mammals（including humans）appear ⑩

3、Answer the following questions.

①Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together?

Dinosaur died out long before human beings developed on the earth.

②Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth?

They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creatures on the earth so far.

课堂笔记

1、It exploded loudly with fire and rock, they were in time to produce the water

vapor, ...

地球猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了水蒸气、……

in time=sooner or later迟早=not late or without delay（on time准时）

①Good luck to him, the doctor arrived there in time and the boy was saved.

幸运的是，医生及时赶到，男孩得救了。

②You’ll understand it in time.（=sooner or later）

你迟早会明白这件事的。

*be to do常用来表示不可避免将要发生的事或必须要做的事。

①This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.

这个发现对心脏病的治疗产生了重大影响。

②Mr. Clark said to his daughter, “You are to be home by 10 o’clock at the latest.”

克拉克先生对他的女儿说，“你必须在10点以前到家。”

③I was（about）to leave when my uncle came in.（此时be to do=be about to do）

我正要出发，这时叔叔进来了。

2、It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases, which had become part of the

earth’s atmosphere, into the oceans and seas.

它使地球把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体溶解在海洋里。

allow sb to do允许某人做某事

allow doing准许做某事

①We don’t allow anybody to smoke in our bedroom.

=We don’t allow smoking in our bedroom.

我们不允许（任何人）在我们寝室抽烟。

②Her parents won’t allow her C out more than 11:00 in the evening.

A stay

B will stay

C to stay

D staying

permit sb to do=permit doing允许（某人）干 advise sb to do=advise doing建议（某人）干 forbid sb to do=forbid doing禁止（某人）干

3、They produced young generally by laying eggs.

它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。

by doing sth=by means of doing sth用于说明做某事的手段、方法。

①We have no choice but to make a living by working hard every day.

=We have no choice but to make a living by means of working hard every day.

我们别无选择，只有靠每天拼命工作来谋生。

②I don’t think she can help him by just giving him money.

我认为光靠给钱，她是帮不了他的。

相关链接：by this means靠这种方法 by these means靠这些方法

4、They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevent heat

from escaping from the earth into space.

它们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。

prevent ...（from）doing=stop ...（from）doing=keep ... from doing

这三个短语都有“阻止某人做某事”的意思，但要注意介词from的省略用法。

keep ... from doing不能省略介词from，因为keep sb doing sth的意思是“让某人连续（持续）做某事”。

①The heavy rain couldn’t B C him going there.（多项选择）

A keep

B stop

C prevent

D protect

②I’m sorry I have C you waiting for so long time.（单项选择）

A stopped

B prevented

C kept

D made

5、Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend

on whether this problem can be solved.

在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否解决。

depend on取决于；决定于

①—Will you go swimming this afternoon?

—Well. It all A D.（哪两个答案不对？）

A depends on

B depends

C depends on the weather

D depends the weather

②我们年龄够大了，要靠我们自己。

We are old enough to depend on ourselves.

6、I cheered up immediately floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin

watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.

我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后）地球越来越小，

而月球在逐渐变大。

cheer up欢呼；喝彩；高兴

watch sb do sth观看某人做某事（强调全过程或经常性动作）

watch sb doing sth观看某人正在做某事

①We cheered up when we saw our women’s volleyball team win the final game.

当我们看到中国女排最终赢得决赛时高兴得不得了（欢呼雀跃）。

②Every day as they watched the plant grow, their hearts were filled with hope.

他们每天都在观察这棵植物的生长，心里充满了希望。（表示经常与全过程）

③The little girl couldn’t help jumping when she saw her mother coming.

当女孩看到她妈妈到来时，禁不住跳了起来。（正在进行）

相关链接

hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 notice sb doing sth 注意到某人正在做某事listen to sb do sth听见某人做某事 listen to sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事look at sb do sth 看到某人做某事 look at sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事7、“Oh, dear,”I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has

changed.”

“天哪，”我大声地说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”

now（that）既然；由于=since/because of the fact that

①Now（that）everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我们开会吧。

②Now（that）you’ve grown up, you can decide i t yourself.

既然你已经长大了，可以自己决定（它）了。

语法：主语从句（Noun clauses as the subject）

主语从句的特点是：整个句子作主语。

①What you said is quite right.

②When they will arrive here is unknown.

但是，如果主语从句太长，可以用it作形式主语而主语从句后移。

That our monitor often helps an old lady every afternoon is true.

=It is true that our monitor often helps an old lady every afternoon.

练习

1、Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage?

What it was to become was a mystery ...

In this sentence a noun clause is used as the subject.

Please pick out three more sentences with subject clauses from the reading passage.

①... because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.

②What scientists think is that the earth was different because of ...

③Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will

depend on ...

2、You have to send a text message to a friend on a mobile. To save money, you

must use as few words as possible. Both sentences must mean the same.

3、

every word she writes. She wants to use as many words as possible so she can get enough money to help with the Project Hope. But she only has time to

重点词汇

1、harmful有害的 harm vt.& n.有害；害处

do harm to sb对某人有害

Smoking is harmful to our health.

=Smoking harms our health.

=Smoking does harm to our health.

抽烟对我们的身体有害。

2、develop vt.& n.发展；开发；冲洗（底片）

developed adj.发达的

developing adj.发展中的

①He believes that sports can develop mind and body.

他相信运动有益于身心发展。

②In my opinion, developed countries ought to help developing countries.

我认为，发达国家应该帮助发展中国家。

③With the development of agricultural and industry, we live better and better.

随着工农业的发展，我们的生活越来越好。

3、presence n.出席；当场

present adj.出席；当场；礼物；赠送（读音有别）

①I attended the discussion but I didn’t notice her presence.

我参加了讨论会，但没有看到她。

②All the people present agreed to our plan.（作形容词时放在被修饰的词后面）

所有当场的人都同意我们的计划。

③Almost everybody who was present at yesterday’s meeting got a present.

差不多所有参加昨天会议的人都得到了一份礼物。

4、disappoint vt.使失望 disappointment n.失望

disappointed adj.失望的 disappointing adj.令人失望的

①To our great disappointment, our football team failed again.

使我们特别失望的是，我们的足球队又输了。

②This news was disappointing and we were very disappointed.

这个消息令人失望，我们（感到）失望极了。

=This news did disappoint all of us.

这个消息的确使我们大失所望。

5、force n.力量；暴力vt.强制；逼迫

force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事

by force靠武力；强迫

air force空军

①They forced him to sign the paper.

=They made him sign the paper by force.

他们强迫他在文件上签字。

②She was forced out of the race by a knee injury.

由于膝盖受伤，她被迫离开比赛。

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