宾语从句五大考点透视

宾语从句五大考点透视


宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法项目，也是历年中考必考的考点之一。现将宾语从句的五大考查热点透视分析如下：
一、考查宾语从句的引导词
引导词必须位于从句的最前面，紧跟主句之后，并且引导词不能堆砌使用，只能用一个。
引导词的选择要根据其本身的意义和从句原句的句式而定。当从句的原句是陈述句时，引导词要用that ；是一般疑问句时，要用if 或whether ；是特殊疑问句时，要用原来的疑问词。例如：
1.Can you see _____?
A. what he’s reading B.what is he reading C.what does he read D.he reads what
2.Is it really true _____ Mr. Black will go back to England soon for a holiday?
A. that B.whether C.when D.how
3.“Did you sleep well last night?” David asked her. （改为复合句，句意不变）
David asked her ___ ___ ___ well last night.
4.I am not sure _____ he will come back home tomorrow or not.
A. when B.what C.whether D.where
5. -Do you know _____? –He’s Tom’s father.
A. who is he B.what he is C.what’s he D.who he is
6.He wanted to know _____ I got there.
A. what B.that if C.how
简析：1题引导词what 不能在后面，可排除D ，B、C项不是陈述语序，故选A；2题从句的原句是陈述句，引导词应用that，故选A；3题从句的原句是一般疑问句，引导词应用if 或whether，故填if/whether she slept；4题从句的原句是选择疑问句，应用if或whether，故选C；5题6题从句的原句是特殊疑问句，从句意和语序上可知分别选D、C。
二、考查宾语从句的语序
宾语从句一般要用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。例如：
7.The Young Pioneers didn’t know _____.
A. where will they go B.what they would do next
C.when could they go D.how did they get there
8.Could you tell me _____? I’m his old friend.
A. where does Jim live B.when will Jim come back
C.where Jim has gone D.how is Jim
9.You can’t imagine _____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
10. -Do you know _____? –Sorry. I don’t know.
A. where he was born B. what city was he born in
C. in what city was he born D. where was he born
简析：7题A、C、D三个选项不是陈述语序，故选B；8题A、B、D三个选项是疑问语序，故选C；9题先排除不是陈述语序的C、D，后根据句式可知此处是个感叹句，故选B；10题排除不是陈述语序的B、C、D项，故选A。
三、考查宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态要与主句的时态呼应。“主句一般现在时，从句时态随句意；若是主过从亦过，特例应该特殊记。”这四句顺口溜记住，也就掌握了宾语从句的时态：当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句要根据句

意选用任何符合的时态；当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句只能选用过去的某种时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）；当宾语从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、格言、谚语、定律等时，不受主句时态的限制，只用一般现在时。例如：
11. -Do you know _____? –They moved here soon after their son was born.

A. when would the Greens move here B. when the Greens moved here
C.the Greens would moved here D. when the Greens would move here
12. -Where does he come from? –Pardon? –I asked where _____.
A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from
13.“When do you have your art lessons?” Mum asked me.
（改写句子，句意不变）
Mom asked me _____ _____ _____ _____ art lessons.
14.The teacher told us light _____ much faster than sound.
A. travels B. travelled C. was D. will be
简析：11题，主句现在时态，宾语从句任何时态，根据句意，应用一般过去时，故选B；12题和13题，主句为过去时态，宾语从句应用过去的某种时态，注意变换陈述语序，所以12题选B，13题填when I /we had my/our；14题宾语从句表达的是客观事实，所以不受主句限制，仍用一般现在时，故选A。
四、考查带宾语从句的反意疑问句
带有宾语从句的复合句，在构成反意疑问句时，一般应和主句保持一致。但是当主句的谓语动词是guess, think 或believe 等，并且主句主语是第一人称即I 或we 时，构成反意疑问句要和从句保持一致，同时应注意“否定转移”现象。例如：
15.He said he didn’t pass the exam, ______?
16.We don’t think our teachers will go abroad, _____?
简析：15题应与主句保持一致，故填didn’t he ；16题应与从句保持一致，故填will they 。
五、考查if, when 引导宾语从句和状语从句
if和when 引导宾语从句时，放在主句动词的后面，意思分别是“是否”和“什么时候”，时态和主句呼应；引导状语从句时，放在主句的前面或后面，意思分别是“如果”和“当……的时候”，注意主句将来时，此时从句用一般现在时。例如：
17.I want to know if there _____ a sports meeting next month. If they _____ it, I must get ready for it.
A. is, will hold B. will be, hold C. will be, will hold D. will have, hold
18.He doesn’t tell me when he _____. I’ll telephone you when he _____.
A. will come, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. comes, comes
简析：17题选B；18题选A。第一句话引导词都放在了动词的后面，可知引导宾语从句，根据句意得知都用将来时态；第二句话if 引导的句子放在了主句的前面，when 放在了后面，可知引导的是状语从句，此时主句将来时态，从

句要用现在时表达将来。