《德伯家的苔丝》的悲剧性

浅谈《德伯家的苔丝》的悲剧性

——从亚里士多德理论看苔丝的悲剧

《德伯家的苔丝》是英国巨匠托马斯·哈代的代表作。女主人公苔丝的悲剧和不幸是由多种原因构成的。本文以亚里士多德悲剧理论为背景，将时代、个人、命运三个角度为出发点，分析导致苔丝悲剧命运的根源。

1、社会环境背景引发了苔丝的悲剧

亚里士多德认为，悲剧是对某种严肃、完美和宏大行为的摹仿，它借助于富有艺术润色功能的各种语言形式，并把这些语言形式分别用于剧中每个部分。从时代悲剧上看，《德伯家的苔丝》真实地反映出在资本主义的压迫和剥削下，个体农民贫困破产的悲惨状况，愤怒的控诉资本主义制度，揭露资产阶级的压迫和剥削，资产阶级道德和宗教的伪善以及法律的不公。作者通过对苔丝遇见亚雷、克莱发生的一系列故事行为摹仿来营造一种悲剧氛围。

2、苔丝性格是悲剧产生的内在因素

亚里士多德还提到，悲剧的主人公之所以不幸，是因为他们性格上的缺陷造成的。从性格悲剧上看，苔丝性格中最主要的特征是真诚、勤劳、坚强，富于牺牲精神和反抗性，她很早就承担家庭生计，对家庭的责任感，人的尊严感和对生活的热爱，使她在困难和不幸面前表现出坚强的性格。苔丝的形象有农村妇女的美德。她淳朴、善良、真诚、热爱劳动，她生活的原则是自食其力，不羡慕荣华富贵，没有虚荣心，她对贵族家世并不稀罕，对克莱德爱是真诚纯洁的，丝毫没有参杂贪图财富与地位的想法。她一直憎恶痛恨亚雷，当她明确的意识到自己的一生是被亚雷毁掉时，便毅然刺死他，这一行动虽表现出她对社会恶势力强烈的反抗精神，但最终她逃脱不了死亡的悲剧。

3、哈代的宿命论思想为苔丝命运抹上浓重的悲剧色彩

从命运悲剧上看，苔丝的一生都带有偶然性和命中注定的色彩，它们相互扭结在一起，形成一股巨大的力量，制约着苔丝的一生，这些看似偶然的因素，却形成了一种必然的趋势，将她推向悲剧的结局。在她为了一家人的生存而被迫按照父母的意愿到所谓的本家那里找活干，成为一个雇佣劳动者开始，她不断遭受到资本家的残酷剥削。同时，传统观念也强烈的压迫着她，使她难以逃脱。苔丝虽然能够反抗亚雷的肉体压迫，却无法避免克莱在精神上的打击迫害。小说通过对苔丝无辜受害的描绘，对资产阶级社会及其法律、道德和虚伪的宗教，作了有力的揭露，进行了愤怒的控诉。

鲁迅先生对悲剧有一句精辟的概括：悲剧是把人生有价值的东西毁灭给人看。小说中的苔丝，在亚雷面前是刚烈的，而在克莱面前又是温柔的；在困难面前表现出难以想象的承受力，而在强大的命运面前，却脆弱无助；在克莱的心目中，她是天使；当真实地袒露于他面前时，她却仿佛变成了魔鬼；她的外表被男人视为欲望的源头，而她的内心又是无比的纯洁。

德伯家的苔丝英文简介

德伯家的苔丝英文简介 As is known to all, Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy. Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins. Tess comes from a farmer’s family, the Durbeyfields. She has lived a poor bu t peaceful life. However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl. One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. Tess’s p arents are in an ecstasy of delight over the news. Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, D’Urbervilles. There she meets Alec D’U rbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her. Having received a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the D’Urbervilles. Her tragic life has just begun. Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home. Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness. For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They have met each other before, and Tess has made a favorable impression on Angel. After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec D’Urbervilles and the child. She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust. Tess again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay. In the meantime, Alec D’Urbervilles, the evil person appears again. He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields’ poverty and continues to tempt Tess. He promises to support her family, only as a means to make Tess dependent. At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man. However, the tragedy has not finished yet. Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality. And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate. After Angel leaves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him. Then she follows Angel and escape with him. They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested. She is hanged later. The turn of events and the moment of catharsis prove that the novel is a classic Aristotelian tragedy

德伯家的苔丝读后感12篇

《德伯家的苔丝读后感》 德伯家的苔丝读后感（一）： 《德伯家的苔丝》是英国着名小说家和诗人托马斯*哈代创作的代表作之一，一百多年过 去了，女主人公苔丝也早已树立在世界文学画廊之中，这不仅仅仅因为人们对传统美德有所超越，更因为作品主人公所拥有的人性与灵魂深处的巨大魄力使之成为最动人的女性形象之一。 哈代以小说女主人公苔丝的悲惨命运替西方杯具作了一个形象的阐释，苔丝足以哀感顽艳。 苔丝本是一位纯洁美丽又十分勤劳的农村姑娘，她向往人生的真和善，但又时时遭到伪和 恶的打击。苔丝的杯具始于为了全家人生计去远亲家打工，却因年幼无知而被亚雷骗去了处女 的贞操，成了一个堕落的女人，受到社会舆论的非议，把她看成不贞洁的罪人；苔丝之后与青 年克莱相爱，又因为新婚之夜坦诚有污点的过去而被丈夫遗弃，而与近在眼前的幸福失之交臂；出于高度的家庭职责感和自我牺牲精神，苔丝为换取家人的生存而再次违愿沦为亚雷的情妇； 最后因为丈夫的回心转意使得绝望的苔丝愤而举起了复仇的利刃，最后成了一个杀人犯，最后 不得不付出了生命的代价，导致象游丝一样敏感，象雪一样洁白的苔丝最后终被完全毁灭。 苔丝是被哈代理想化了的现代女性。在哈代的理想世界中，苔丝是美的象征和爱的化身， 代表着威塞克斯人的一切优秀的方面：美丽，纯洁，善良，质朴，仁爱和容忍。苔丝的灵魂是 纯洁的，道德是高尚的，但是在资产阶级的道德面前，她却被看成伤风败俗的典型，奉为警戒 淫荡的榜样，是侵犯了清白领域的罪恶化身。丢下《苔丝》一书，眼前那个历经磨难，失身而 又杀人的女人，却使我想起它们，想起我喜欢的两件事物：黎明与茶花。黎明，如处子的皮肤，光洁润滑，在明与未明之际，透着希冀与光亮；有一种茶花，叫雪塔，她洁白肥硕，细腻如瓷，在寒冷的季节里，傲然怒放，在出尘与入世间，清丽如水，独自芬芳。也许他们风马牛不相及，但是，我觉得它们同出一处，那便是纯洁。正因为这一点《苔丝》的故事才更凄凉。 苔丝为什么会有哀感顽艳之能呢苔丝的哀既有社会的因素，也与她的性格有关。 毫无疑问，苔丝的哀首先是社会制哀。哈代的威塞克斯小说是以其故乡威塞克斯为背景的。19世纪中期英国资本主义工业礼貌侵入农村，应对工业礼貌带来的后果，哈代作为一个人道 主义着者，心灵受到强烈冲击，在感情上深深地依恋古老的宗法礼貌，痛恨工业礼貌对人们和 谐生存状态的摧毁。《苔丝》中，哈代对当时工业礼貌对乡村的冲击进行了全景式描绘，然后 以苔丝家作为个体农民的缩影，深入展现人们在物质困境中的痛苦挣扎。社会杯具是人同社会 环境的冲突造成的。苔丝生活在英国资本主义侵袭到农村并毒化社会气氛的维多利亚时代。这 位弱女子，尽管聪明美丽，勤劳善良，但家贫如洗，经济拮据，负担沉重，她处于低下的社会 地位，作为一个劳动者，一个无权无钱的农业工人，自然会受到资本主义社会的种种压迫和凌辱，这些压迫和凌辱有经济的，权势的，肉体的，更有精神的，宗教的，道德的，传统观念的。她的哀是时代造成的，同时，亚雷和克雷代表了把苔丝推向深渊的两种不同的客观社会势力， 他们直接地共同造成了苔丝的社会杯具。 苔丝能哀感顽艳的第二个原因，她是暴力，恶势力及维护它们的法律，国家机器的受害者。这种暴力，恶势力的集中代表就是亚雷*德伯。 苔丝在绿草如茵，风景如画的乡野里长大，尽管家庭生活窘迫，但少女时代的苔丝内心是 明朗，欢快的。她热爱生活，敢于应对一切困难，为了维持家庭，不惜牺牲自己。苔丝一生都 是强权和暴力的受害者。亚雷之所以敢称霸四野，为非作歹，为所欲为，不仅仅因为他有钱， 有势，而且更主要的是有资产阶级国家机器，法律的保护。社会和法律都认为侮辱和迫害苔丝 的人是正当的，而受迫害的苔丝则是有罪的。苔丝一生都必得逆来顺受，忍受含垢，不能自卫，

德伯家的苔丝梗概(英文)

Tess of the D’Urbervilles（德伯家的苔丝） By Thomas Hardy 1891 Main character: 苔丝Tess 亚历克Alec，其父原名Simon Stokes，后冠以贵族姓氏D’Urbervilles 安吉尔·克莱尔Angel Clare Tess of the D'Urbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy (托马斯·哈代). Tess comes from a farmer’s family. She has lived a poor but peaceful life. One day her parents learn that they are descended from(来源于) the D’Urbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. They urges Tess to claim kinship with(攀亲戚) the D’Urbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes to their house to seek help. There she meets Alec D’Urbervilles who manages to seduce (引诱) the girl and make her pregnant(怀孕的). Being humiliated(羞辱), Tess returns home. Nevertheless(但是), without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work at a farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess tells her husband the truth. She begs for forgiveness (原谅), but Angel chooses to leave for Brazil. Several years later, Tess and her family remains poor and she even has no place to stay. At that time, Alec D’Urbervilles appears again. He takes advantage of the poverty of Tess and promises to support her family. Tess has to live with her foe(仇人). However, Angel Claire regrets(后悔) and comes back. Tess thinks Alec is the person who makes her lose Angel Claire again. She kills Alec angrily. In the end, She is hanged(处以绞刑).

德伯家的苔丝读后感

读《德伯家的苔丝》有感 我喜欢读书，我喜欢读好书，我喜欢读我喜欢读书，我喜欢读好书，我喜欢读《德伯家的苔丝》这本好书。悲剧收场 我原以为世界上的每一本书都是以喜剧收场，结局是我笑到最后（我以前看过的书都是以喜剧收场）。现在才发觉我只是只井底之蛙，读完《德伯家的苔丝》才知道世界上也有以悲剧收场的，结局是我哭到最后。我很遗憾，遗憾一个受尽磨难，受尽煎熬的纯洁女人最终结局居然是逃脱不了无情的绞刑台的魔掌，与心爱的人阴阳相隔。但凭我的个人理解，对于苔丝而言，她已经受够了人世间的恩怨情仇，是是非非，她已经累，想休息了。有时候对于一个人来讲，死也是一种解脱，一种幸福。我之所以喜欢读这本书，是因为每次看完后都有一种淡淡的同情，一种深深的伤感。 人面兽心 林子大了，什么鸟都有。提到亚雷，谁都会有揍他的冲动。即使是一个冷酷无情的人知道他对苔丝所做的一切的一切，也会恨不得把他碎尸万段。亚雷看上了苔丝的美貌，就假惺惺的叫苔丝帮他们家养鸡。谁知道这个禽兽不如的恶魔居然在三个月后奸污了苔丝，夺走了在那个时代对于女人来说比命还要重要的贞操。幸好他的最终命运是去地狱一游，不然谁会知道到会不会有第二个，第三个无辜的“苔丝，我为人类成员中有亚雷这个人面兽心，衣冠禽兽的家伙感到可耻。这本书也告诉我：“宽容是一种美德。”我之所以喜欢这本书，是因为看完后都有一种淡淡的宽容，一种深深的痛恨。 悲剧从何而来 苔丝虽然聪明美丽，勤劳善良，但是家里一贫如洗，她处于低贱的社会地位，作为一个劳动者、一个农业工人，自然会受到资本主义社会的各种压迫凌辱，这些压迫和凌辱有经济的、权势的、肉体的、更有精神的、宗教的、道德的、传统观念的。她的悲剧是时代造成的，同时，亚雷和克雷代表了把苔丝推向深渊的两种不同的客观社会势力，他们直接地共同造成了苔丝的社会悲剧。苔丝悲剧的第二个原因，也是其悲剧的直接原因，即她是暴力、恶势力及维护它们的法律、国家机器的受害者。这种暴力、恶势力的集中代表就是亚雷？德伯。传统伦理道德对苔丝精神上的摧残，是苔丝悲剧的第三个原因。如果说以亚雷为代表的恶势力及其强大的后盾——国家机器、法律对苔丝的迫害是一种无形的更可怕的精神残害。 我为书伤感，我为好书伤感，我更为《德伯家的苔丝》这本好书伤感。我希望有一天，世界上没有资本主义社会，没有经济的、权势的、肉体的、精神的、宗教的、道德的、传统

《德伯家的苔丝》英文简介Summary of the Tess of d27Urbervilles

Summary： In the Victorian period, a rural clergyman in England tells Durbeyfield, a simple farmer, that he is descended from the illustrious d'Urberville family, now extinct; or maybe not. Durbeyfield sends his daughter Tess to check on a family named d'Urberville living in a manor house less than a day's carriage ride away. Alec d'Urberville is delighted to meet his beautiful cousin, and he seduces her with strawberries and roses. But Alec is no relation to Tess; he has gotten his illustrious name and coat of arms by purchasing them. Alec falls in love with Tess, seduces/rapes her, and she leaves, pregnant; back at home, the baby dies. Some time later, Tess begins work as a milkmaid, and there she meets her true love Angel Clare. Angel believes her completely innocent. They fall in love, but Angel does not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night, and rejects her. Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec again, and poverty forces her to resume their relationship. Angel returns from travelling abroad, remorseful at his treatment of Tess, but finds her with Alec. Tess murders Alec in order to run away with Angel. They spend one night of happiness together, before she is arrested.

《德伯家的苔丝》读后感

《德伯家的苔丝》读后感 前一段日子，读完了《苔丝》——流着眼泪读完的。 这是我第二次读这篇小说了，可从次数上来看虽是第二次，实质上只能说是第一次，或者说是一次多一点点。我第一次看这篇小说的时候才只是一个小学生，对文学作品的理解能力有限，而且读得也很粗略，那时，我对《苔丝》的唯一印象就是挺好看的，苔丝这个人物挺可怜的，除此以外便所剩无几了，根本没有把自己融入整个情节中去，根本没有对苔丝这个悲剧性的人物作过任何有意识的评价，根本没有想过苔丝一步一步走向毁灭是与其性格，与她所处的环境是如此密不可分。这一次阅读，我不敢说我已经看懂了，但我对整个情节有了比以往更深刻的了解。 《苔丝》的作者托马斯·哈代在这篇小说中体现出了他悲观的宿命论，主人公苔丝陷入悲惨境地，但她无论如何挣扎都无济于事，改变不了命运的安排与戏弄，最后走上绝路。但她走上绝路，绝不像某些低俗小说那样一味追求情节曲折而硬让主人公死去，而是有其一定的必然性。在故事的开端，当苔丝的父亲约翰·德比被告知自己这样一个贫穷小贩竟是古代德伯家族——一个十分高贵显要的家庭的后裔后，她的父母要她去有钱的德伯太太家攀亲戚，她天性纯朴，厌恶趋炎附势，不同意去，但后来，她由于担心喝得酩酊大醉的父亲半夜外出送蜂密进城会出现意外，才与弟弟一起替父亲跑一次腿，然而途中却出现了意外——她家唯一一匹赶车的马被轧死了，失去一匹马对他们这样一个贫困的家庭来说就是失去了用以维持生活的工具。在埋葬这匹衰老枯瘦的马时，几个孩子们都放声大哭，苔丝没有，“他脸色苍白，没有表情，似乎认为她自己是谋杀者”，书中是这样描写的。然后她带着一种负罪感――是她自己的疏忽大意才使家庭的生活出现了危机，和她对父母的孝顺，对弟弟妹妹们的关爱，以及她强烈的责任感——必须使家庭摆脱困境的责任感，去了德伯太太家攀亲戚，也导致了她被亚历克·德伯玷污，给她日后的生活蒙上了一层抹不去的阴影。她的孩子在死前，她坚持要让这个不清白的小小的肉欲的产物受洗礼，也是强烈的责任感趋使她这样做的。如此说来，苔丝性格中最不容忽视的一点便是她强烈的责任感了，正如苔丝坚决地要把与亚历克·德伯的那一段不快的往事告诉她所深爱，并且也深爱她的丈夫安吉尔一样，她原本可以完完全全地把这件事隐藏起来，说像她母亲教她的，然而，苔丝没有，她把这件事原原本本地告诉了安吉尔，书里这样写道：“她说得很轻，但很坚决。”苔丝把这件事告诉了安吉尔，而不愿意隐瞒事实，致使安吉尔承受不住打击而与她分居，也正是源于她那责任心，不是吗?现在看整篇文章中给我印象最深的一段吧，就是苔丝杀了亚历克后追上安吉尔的时候：“……克莱尔停住脚步，以询问的目光望着苔丝。‘安吉尔’，苔丝说，好像她一直等待着他们停步时克莱尔会这样看着她，‘你知道我为什么要追你吗?我要告诉你我把他杀了!’她这么说的时候脸上露出令人同情的惨淡微笑。”“令人同情的惨淡微笑”，你能想象一个人在杀了人后所露出的这种表情吗?如她自己所说的“我杀了他——也不知道是怎么把他杀死的。不过，安吉尔，为了你，也为了我自己，我非这么做不可。”显然，苔丝把杀死亚历克看成是她应尽的责任，是她必须完成的任务，为她自己，也为她丈夫。亚历克是笼罩在她心头的阴影，亚历克死了，她只觉得如释重负，只觉得自己是完成了任务，所以她急着要告诉她丈夫，这大概也就是她脸上会露出微笑，而不是杀过人后的慌乱、惊恐无措。因而在她生命的最后五天——与安吉尔在一起的五天——一生中最幸福的五天中过的生活是恬静的，她的心情也是平静的，她对待死亡的坦然也感染了逮捕她的人，“她站起身来，整了整衣服向前走去;那些人还一个也没有起步。‘我准备好了’，她平静地说。”我想，苔丝或许是带着幸福，甚至是带

德伯家的苔丝6

德伯家的苔丝 拖马斯?哈代 内容简介： 长篇小说《德伯家的苔丝》是英国著名小说家和诗人托马斯?哈代(18 4 0 —1 9 2 8 )的代表作，哈代青年时代曾当过建筑师，以后成为职业作家，大半生住在乡下，他的小说都是乡村题材，总题名为《威塞克斯小说》，威塞克斯是他的家乡的古名，他的小说也大多以此为背景的。b5E2RGbCAP 这篇小说描写了一个被侮辱的乡村姑娘苔丝的悲惨遭遇，苔丝是一个想凭自己的双手劳动谋生、追求个人起码幸福权利的淳朴姑娘，可是，社会的强权势力连这样的弱女子也没能放过，最终酿成了她的悲剧。小说强烈的反宗教、反封建道德、反资产阶级法律的倾向，在当时尽管遭到了英国上流社会的反对，但却得到了广大读者的喜爱，一发表，很快就被译成多种文字，这部小说还多次搬上荧屏，给哈代带来了世界声誉。plEanqFDPw 在群山环抱的美丽而幽静的布蕾谷居住着德北一家，他们家境十分贫寒，老德北是一个乡下小贩，做着一点小买卖，全家9口人仅靠一匹老马耕种点土地来勉强维持生活。五月未的一个傍晚，在通往马勒村的路上，牧师崇干告诉德北一个没用的消息，他考证出德北原是当地古老的武士世家德伯氏的嫡系子孙。德北生性懒惰，又好喝酒，一得知自己出身名门，这天晚上他又喝得酩酊大醉。DXDiTa9E3d 由于父亲喝醉不能去送货，德北17岁的女儿苔丝勇敢地承担了替父亲赶集卖蜂窝的担子。谁知在赶集路上，她赶的马车与邮车相撞，老马被撞死，全家的生活来源 没了着落RTCrpUDGiT 苔丝为此感到痛苦和羞愧，为了帮助家庭摆脱生活困境，她听从了母亲的安排，去纯瑞脊一个有钱的德伯老太太那里认亲。德伯先生是英国北方的一个商人。他发财后，一心想在英国南方安家立业，做个乡绅。因此，他从博物馆里挑了“德伯”这个古老姓氏，冒充世族乡绅。这些情形，苔丝和她的父母一点也不知道。5PCzVD7HxA 德伯太太是个性格怪僻的瞎眼老太婆。她的儿子亚雷有2 0多岁，是个花花公

德伯家的苔丝Tess of the d’Urbervilles 英文读书报告 经典

Tess of the d’Urbervilles In Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Thomas Hardy has directly satirized nature. This novel revealed the tragedy of lower classes’ destiny and flayed hypocritical gentlemen and morals. In this novel, Hardy demonstrated his deep sense of moral sympathy for England’s lower classes, particularly for women. The novel, which indicated the tendency of anti-religious sentiments, against feudal morality and the laws of capitalists, was warmly received by the reading public though British upper class was bitter against it. In the novel, Thomas Hardy succeeded in portraying an artistic image- Tess. There were sensitivity and beauty to her that have nothing to do with looks. Her beauty is not kind of stunning beauty, but the more you approach to her, you will be more likely to indulge in her beauty. Although she is not an orthodox believer, she has her own pure pursuits of life and living criteria. Her integrated image of kindness and tenderness, tough-minded and plainness should own her a happy life. But it seems that God leaves her out. Alec in the novel is the son of a Manor owner, being dissolute and flirtatious in conduct; however, generally, he is not essentially a bad man. His strong desire to Tess is out of a sort of inherently desire and desire for possession.It’s very normal for such a young man.But he adopts a wrong way-he abducts Tess. He would like to take a part of responsibility of his behavior but Tess turn down his suggestion without hesitation. Tess’s self-respect can’t allow herself bend down to harm. Such a pure girl, should be so strong-mind to bear neighbor’s discrimination and secular pressure and to take the consequences by herself. She has never asked Alec for help even when she is driven to the last ditch. Finally, Tess chooses to leave for another village where her past is not known and secures a job as a milkmaid at Talbothays Dairy. She escapes from the old environment, meanwhile, prepares to make a new start. She fears a romantic love, at the same time, strongly looks forward to it. Anyway, she is only 21years old, she has the right to enjoy the pleasure that love can bring to her.There, she re-encounters Angel Clare who is eager for nature and full of dreams, is Tess’s Prince Charming, one of unfinished dreams in her girlhood. As for Angel Clare, Tess is part of his persistent vision. What he wants is a pure girl

《德伯家的苔丝》文学评论 杨梦

《德伯家的苔丝》文学评论 汉语言文学（2）班杨梦 故事内容简介 五月下旬的一个傍晚，一位为编写新郡志而正在考察这一带居民谱系的牧师告诉约翰·德伯：他是该地古老的武士世家德伯氏的后裔。这一突如其来的消息，使这个贫穷的乡村小贩乐得手舞足蹈，他异想天开地要17岁的大女儿苔丝到附近一个有钱的德伯老太那里去认“本家”，幻想借此摆脱经济上的困境。实际上，德伯老太与这古老的武士世家毫无渊源关系，她家是靠放高利贷起家的暴发户，从北方迁到这里，这个姓也是从博物馆里找来的。苔丝到她家后，德伯老大的儿子亚雷见这个姑娘长得漂亮，便装出一片好心，让苔丝在他家养鸡。三个月后，亚雷奸污了她。苔丝失身之后，对亚雷极其鄙视和厌恶，她带着心灵和肉体的创伤回到父母身边，发现自己已经怀孕了。她的受辱不仅没有得到社会的同情，反而受到耻笑和指责。婴儿生下后不久就夭析，痛苦不堪的苔丝决心改换环境，到南部一家牛奶厂做工。在牛奶厂，她认识了26岁的安玑·克莱。他出身于富有的牧师家庭，却不肯秉乘父兄旨意，继承牧师的衣钵，甘愿放弃上大学的机会，来这里学习养牛的本领，以求自立。在劳动中，苔丝和安巩互相产生了爱慕之情。当安玑父母提议他与一个门当户对的富家小姐结婚时，他断然拒绝了。而苔丝的思想却十分矛盾，她既对安玑正直的为人、自立的意志和对她的关怀有好感，又自哀失身于人，不配做他的妻子。但强烈的爱终于战胜了对往事的悔恨，她和安玑结了婚。新婚之夜，苔丝下定决心，要把自己的“罪过”原原本本地告诉安玑。但一当她讲完自己与亚雷的往事之后，貌似思想开通的安玑·克莱不仅没有原谅她，反而翻脸无情，只身远涉重洋到巴西去了，尽管他自己也曾和一个不相识的女人放荡地生活过。被遗弃的苔丝心碎了。她孤独、悔恨、愤慨、绝望，但为了全家的生活，她只好忍受屈辱和苦难。同时，她还抱着一线希望，盼着丈夫回心转意，回到自己身边。一天，在苔丝去安玑家打听消息回来的途中，发现毁掉她贞操的亚雷居然成了牧师，满口仁义道德地正在布道。亚雷还纠缠苔丝，无耻地企图与她同居。苔丝又气又怕，随即给丈夫写了一封长信，恳求克莱迅速归来保护自己。克莱在巴西贫病交加，也历尽磨难。他后悔当时遗弃苔丝的鲁莽行为，决定返回英国与苔丝言归于好。但这时苔丝家又发生变故：父亲猝然去世，住屋被房主收回，全家栖身无所，生活无着。在这困难关头，亚雷乘虚而入，用金钱诱逼苔丝和他同居。克莱的归来，犹如一把利刃，把苔丝从麻木浑噩的状态中刺醒。在绝望中，她亲手杀死了亚雷，追上克莱，他们在荒漠的原野里度过了几天逃亡的欢乐生活。最后在一个静谧的黎明，苔丝被捕，接着被处绞刑；克莱遵照苔丝的遗愿，带着忏悔的心情和苔丝的妹妹开始了新的生活。 苔丝悲剧的社会背景 那么，苔丝的悲剧是社会悲剧？是的，哈代的创作时期是一个充满变化、动荡的时期。当时英国社会正经历着深刻的变化，由此而产生了各种尖锐的矛盾和危机。《苔丝》反映了作者对当时一些最严峻的问题的关切和同情。哈代在书中描绘了新兴的工业化和都市文明给古老、乡土的威塞克斯地区带来了冲击，揭露了禁锢众思想、强调贞洁、压抑妇女社会地位的虚伪道德。主人公苔丝所受的压迫是双重的。在自给自足的小家经济不能维持的条件下，她为了生活，不得不忍受农业资本家的剥削，并受到富家子弟的污辱。但是，使她陷入绝境的是当时社会的道德偏见。代表这种偏见的克莱尔对她的遗弃，使她精神上遭到更沉重的打击，失掉了生活的信心，终于成为资产阶级伦理道德的牺牲品。在人与环境激烈的冲突中，

德伯家的苔丝之苔丝的性格分析

The Characteristic of Tess Abstract : Tess, the protagnist of Hardy′s Tess of D′Urbervilles, an innocent country girl brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, suffers the poverty and denunciation of the society. In most people ′eyes, Tess is a bad woman without morality, she is a mistress, a criminal. Maybe the whole life of Tess is ended up with tragidy, but her brave to the evil, persistent to the truth ，pursue to her love represent she is the model of modern time. To Hardy, Tess is the daughter of nature, she mixes the pure with resolute. Although Tess is hanged at the end, she is lucky because she is free from this earthly world. No one can be the perfect one, the weakness of Tess makes her a real person, which is showed vividly before us. Key words : nature, pure, brave, weakness, rebell [摘要]苔丝，哈代所著《德伯家的苔丝》中的主人翁，一个天真的乡村姑娘。她有着传统妇女的美德，但却承受着家庭的贫穷与社会的谴责。在大部分人眼中，苔丝是个没有道德的坏女人，她的身份是一个情妇，一个杀人犯。也许苔丝的整个生命以悲剧而告终，但她对邪恶的勇敢，对真理的坚持，对真爱的追求使得她成为时代的典范。对哈代来说，苔丝是大自然的女儿，她纯洁且坚毅。尽管最后被绞死，她是幸运的，因为她远离了尘世。人无完人，正是苔丝身上的缺点让我们看到一个活生生的真正意义上的人。 关键词：本质（自然），纯洁，勇敢，弱点，反叛 I. Introduction Tess is a poor girl, whose life is linked with two men, who pulled her to the verge of death. Tess is a kind woman, but not a perfect one. She has some sympathetic and admirable qualities as well as lots of inevitable weakness. Tess is a real person, in my eyes. Her lifestyle, feelings and thoughts as well as the tragedy ending all symbolize the reality of that time and earn our sympathy. Tess falls down during the fight against the fate, the society and herself. God teases his play with Tess, who wins finally ? It seems that God is the winner, because he took the life of her. But what Tess left is more valuble than herself. She really did what nobody at that time dares to do. II The character of Tess A. The daughter of Nature There are two m eanings of “Nature”. First, it means “the physical power causing all the phenomena of the material world”, it ref ers to the environment in which Tess grows up. Tess is a lily in the wild. She grows up in a beautiful and pictuesque country. She loves life and all the live things in the nature. After the death of the only horse in her family, Tess claimed that it was her fault, she needed to do something to support the whole family. Tess is a child full of responsibility. The other is “a thing′s or a person′s innate of essential qualities or character”, this one is related to Tess′beauty and some good qualities when she was born. Although life is hard, the inner of Tess is bright and jolly. Her face is always wearing a smile. So, truly, she is the daughter of her surrounding envirenment. 169In the end of the novel, after Tess killed Alec, she escaped with Angle, they came into an alter that is a stonehenge near Salisbury in the plain, dating back to the pre-history time. The center of it is a big “altar”, where is used to put sacrificial offerings in some ceremonies. It was here that Tess had a rest because of tireness and it was also here that Tess was arrested. In the Bible, aler is used for giving sacrificals to the God and doing prey. It is viewed as a holy place. Anything put on it must be pure, such as the lamb, little child. That Tess lies on it means she gives her life to the God and she assures that she is pure and innocent. B. Brave warrior Tess doesn’t go for looks,d oesn’t go for wealth, but she goes for someone who makes her smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. This is the portrayal of Tess. Alec is rich, but she hates him from beginning to end. Angle wants to be a farmer; she falls in love with him and suffers the ugliest things on her own. She is a murderer, what’s more, a warrior. (1)The warrior of herself She is independent and doesn’t want to be the slave of wealth. She prefers working to selling her soul to make money. When her stupid mom told her to wear her beautiful dress, she refused. On their way to Alec′s house, Alec showed his dandy nature. Tess, a tender girl, would rather walk than sit on the carriage to express her angry. Staying a whole night with Alec, Tess realized that Alec is a rat. She went home after Alec impregnated her. An unmarried mother with a child is not received by her neighbors. Tess, the stanch young woman, bore all the gossips. After the baby died, she didn′t indulge in the sadness, she decised to turn a new leaf of her life. She sets out confidently. She killed the evil in her deep heart. Tess also has a hidden nature — the longing for living. It is the intense desire that forces her to live and work after tremendous disasters, such as her son′s death, Angel′s abandonment. She preferred to work on a farm rather t han asking Angel′s parents for help. She loved Angel so deeply that she wrote to him to beg his forgive. (2)Brave fight against Alec Although Tess was in trouble, she didn′t desert her conscience. As an impure woman, she didn′t surrender to the wealth and pow er of Alec. After Alec impregnatee her, Tess left the big mansion resolutely. A long time later, she met Alec,now a parson. her hatred to him never reduced. She despised him and condemned his hypocrisy.