英美概况练习题
英美概况练习题
1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____.
A. Scafell
B. Ben Nevis
C. the Cotswolds
D. the Forth
2. The longest river in Britain is _____.
A. the Clyde
B. the Mersey
C. the Severn
D. the Thames
3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.
A. the Lough Neage
B. Windermere Water
C. Coniston Water
D. the Lake District
4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A. England
B. Scotland
C. Wales
D. Northem Ireland
5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.
A. Europe
B. the United States
C. Africa
D. the West Indies,
6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.
A. the Normans
B. the Celts
C. the Iberians
D. the Anglo-Saxons
7. British Recorded history began with _____.
A.Roman invasion
B. the Norman Conquest
C. the Viking and Danish invasion
D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion
8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.
A. John
B. James I
C. Egbert
D. Henry I
9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
A. 1056
B. 1066
C. 1006
D. 1060
10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.
A. Windsor
B. Tudor
C. Malcolm
D. Plantagenet
11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.
A. Henry III
B. the Pope
C. Barons
D. Simon de Montfort
12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in whichthe English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.
A. 1337, 1453, Flanders
B. 1337, 1453, Calais
C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt
D. 1346, 1453, Brest
13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.
A.30, Richard III, Henry Tudor
B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor
B. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor
14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.
A. England, 14
B. England, 15
C. Italy, 14
D. Italy, 15
15. The English Civil War is also called _____.
A. the Glorious Revolution
B. the Bloody Revolution
C. the Catholic Revolution
D. the Puritan Revolution
16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.
A. 1620, London
B. 1620, Plymouth
C. 1720, London
D. 1720, Plymouth
17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.
A. the Industrial Revolution
B. the Bourgeois Revolution
C. the Wars of the Roses
D. the Religious Reformation
18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.
A. Canada
B. Australia
C. India
D. Newfoundland
19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:
A. Edward VIII
B. Edward VII
C. George VI
D. George VII
20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.
A. 1957
B. 1967
C. 1973
D. 1979
21. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered
a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.
A. 1900
B. the First World War
C. the Second World War
D. 1960
22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.
A. inflation, growth
B. growth, inflation
C. growth, divorce
D. growth, birth
23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.
A.the exhaustion of old mines
B. costly extraction
B. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage
24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.
A. developing countries
B. other Commonwealth countries
C. other developed countries
D. EC
25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.
A. the Lord Chancellor
B. the Queen
C. the Archbishop of Canterbury
D. the Prime Minister
26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.
A. five, 600
B. five, 650
C. five, 651
D. four, 651
27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.
A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons
B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords
C. the Queen, the House of Commons
D. the Queen, the House of Lords
28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.
A. the Queen
B. the Cabinet
C. the House of Lords
D. the House of Commons
29. The sources of British law include _____.
A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law
B. statutes, common law and equity law
C. statutes, common law and European Community law
D. a complete code and statutes
30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.
A. the judge, the jury
B. the judge, the judge
C. the jury, the jury
D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury
选择题第二类：
1. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the _______ and the North Sea in the east.
A. east
B. south
C. west
D. north
2. The first known settlers of Britain were _______.
A. the Jutes
B. the Celts
C. the Saxons
D. the Iberians
3. The English Civil War is also called ______.
A. the Puritan Revolution
B. the second Magna Carta
C. the Long Parliament
D. the Anglican War
4. The Tories were the forerunners 0f _______ , which still bears the nickname today.
A. the Labour Party
B. the Liberal Party
C. the Social Democratic Party
D. the Conservative Party
5. In Britain only _______ of the population are farmers but they manage 7O% of the land area.
A. 2%
B. 3%
C. 4%
D. 5%
6. Which of the following Statements is NOT true about the Prime Minister in Britain?
A. He is appointed by the Queen.
B. He is Minister for the Civil Service.
C. He sits in the House of Commons.
D. He receives ￡88,292 a year.
7. London's Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______ .
A. the Lord Chancellor
B. the Home Secretary
C. the Attorney General
D. the Prime Minister
8. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the National Health Service?
A. It Provides for every resident a full range of medical services.
B. It is administered by the central government.
C. Its emergency ambulances are available for doctors' urgent calls.
D. It has suffered from under funding in recent decades.
9. There are some _______ universities in the United Kingdom, including the Open University.
A. 75
B. 80
C. 85
D. 9O
10. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______ .
A. Northern Ireland and southern Ireland
B. Southern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland
C. the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
D. Northern Ireland and Britain
11. The Grand Canyon in north-western _______ is one of nature's most
impeessive sights.
A. Utah
B. Arizona
C. Nevada
D. Idaho
12. The first immigrants in American history came from _______ .
A. England and Germany
B. England and Ireland
C. England and the Netherlands
D. England and Spain
13. The United States went to war with _______ in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.
A. Britain
B. France
C. Spain
D. Mexico
14. In 1932, in the depth of the depression, the American people chose _______ as their
next president who promised a "new deal" to get America out of depression.
A. Theodore
B. Franklin D. Roosevelt
C. Woodrow Wilson
D. Herbert Hoover
15. Martin Luther King, Jr., a young black clergyman, became a national leader of the _______ Movement.
A. Boycott
B. Civil Rights
C. Segregation
D. Integration
16. The cultivated land in the U.S. makes up _______ of the total land, and people who are engaged in farming make up only 2.7% of the total population.
A. 21%
B. 31%
C. 41%
D. 51%
17. The Constitution of the United States provides that _______ shall be President of the Senate.
A. the Secretary of State
B. the Chief Justice
C. the President
D. the Vice President
18. The typical organizational pattern for elementary and secondary schools in the United States is that of _______ .
A. classified schools
B. vocational schools
C. graded schools
D. public schools
19. In the 1920s, Black Literature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as _______ .
A. the Manhattan Renaissance
B. the Harlem Renaissance
C. the Black Revival
D. the African-American Rebirth
20. Of all the symbols, _______ , which are considered to represent fertility and new life: are those most frequently associated with Easter.
A. the pumpkin and the turkey
B. the lamb and the beef
C. the spring peas and the potatoes
D. the egg and the rabbit
21. Canada was divided Into Upper Canada (English speaking) and Lower Canada (French speaking) in _______ and they were united again in _______ .
A. 1791/1840
B. 1775/1791
C. 1840/1867
D. 1775/1867
22. Canada's early economic development was founded on _______ .
A. resource industries
B. heavy industries
C. light industries
D. manufacturing industries
23. What law made French the offical language in Canada's Quebec?
A. The Official Language Act.
B. The Charter of the French Language in Quebec.
C. The Meech Lake Accord.
D. The new Canadian Constitution.
24. The Canadian population is chiefly characterized by _______ .
A. its size
B. its growth
C. its linguistic duality
D. its French origins
25. Australia has always been a continent with few people mainly because _______ .
A. Australia is too far away fram Europe
B. Australia is the least mountainous and most level of the world's continents
C. Australia is separated from the rest of the world by seas
D. most of the continent is hot and dry
II．填空题第一类
1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _highlands, while the east and south-east are mostly lowlands.
2. Welsh is located in the _ west of Great Britain.
3. The ancestors of the English Anglo-Saxons, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the _ Celts.
4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes Jutes, Saxons, and Angles invaded Britain. Among them, the Angles gave their name to English people.
5. The battle of Hastings witnessed the death of Harold in October, 106
6.
6. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established.
7. The property record in William’s time is known as Domesday Book, which was compiled in 1086.
8. Thomas Becket’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.
9. Black Death was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to two million by the end of the 14th century.
10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of yeomen farmers.
填空题第二类
●The capital of the Republic of Ireland is (1) Dublin, and the capital of Northern Ireland is (2) Belfast.
●The English Renaissance was largely (3) literay and its finest exponents were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William (4) Shakespeare.
●The Whigs were the forerunners of the (5) Liberal Party while the Tories were the forerunners of the (6) Conservative party of England.
●Most of Britain's oil reserves are thought to be under the (7) North (8) Sea.
●British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of (9) Lords and the House of (10) Commons.
●The United Kingdom is a (11) constitutional monarchy, it began in the (12) 9 th century.
●In the United Kingdom, in criminal trials by jury, the (13) judge passes sentence but the (14) jury decides the issue of guilt or innocence.
●Britain is regarded as a (15) welfare state. The term applies mainly to the National (16) Health Service, national insurance and social security.
●In the United Kingdom, education is compulsory for all between the ages of
(17) 5 and (18) 16.
●The British national newspapers can be divided into two groups: national (19) dailies and national (20) Sundays.
●The most important lakes in the United States are th e (21) Great Lakes, they are all located between (22) Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.
●In respect of population, (23) New (24) Y ork is the biggest city in the United States.
●The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the (25) blacks, who were first brought to North America as (26) slaves in 1619.
●Counterculture in 1960s was a movement of (27) revolt against the moral values, the aesthetic (28) standards and the personal behavior.
●American government is divided into three branches: the legislative, the (29) executive and the (30) judicial, each has part of the powers but not all the power.
●Formal education in the United States consists of elementary, (31) secondary and (32) higher education.
●The first British settlers in Canada were (33) Amercian refugees who refused to fight against the British army in the War of American Independence. They called themselves (34) Loyalists.
●It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia's s hores were the
(35) Spanish and Portuguese, whom were followed by the (36) Dutch and then the English.
●In the 1950s, there was a boom in Australia's economy and people's living standard was high, so Australia was called "the (37) lucky(38) country" in that period.
●In World War II, Australia declared war on Japan immediately after Japan bombed the U.S. naval base at (39) Pearl (40) Harbor.
●The main feature of Australia's trade is that it has always involved the exchange of (41) raw materials for (42) finished products.
●The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the (43) British and (44) American models.
●New Zealand has two main islands. They are (45) North Island and (46) South Island.
●New Zealand is a sovereign independent state with a parliamentary (47) government and a constitutional (48) monarchy.
●The official languages in New Zealand are (49) English and (50) Maori.
1. the Hardian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.
Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wise men. It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king. It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.
William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.
the battle of Hastings In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.
Domesday Book Under William, the feudal system was established. William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book, which completed in 1086. It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085. It stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation, and ownership of the land. It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgment Day.
How did the Labor Party come into being? —— As the new working class became established in the industrial towns in the late 18th century, they became aware of the power which they could possess if they acted together instead of separately. So various working class organizations were formed which brought about the formation of the Labor Party. The Labor Party had its origins in the Independent Labor Party, which was formed in January, 1893 and Led by Keir Hardie, a Scottish miner. The foundation of an effective party for labor depended on the trade unions. In 1900, representatives of trade unions, the ILP, and a number of small societies set up the
Labor Representation Committee (LRC). The LRC changed its name to be Labor Party in time for the general election which was called for 1906. The Labor Party remains one of the two major parties in Britain until today.
12. What is a constitutional monarchy?When did it begin in Britain? ——A constitutional monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty’s Government —— a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. The Constitutional Monarchy in Britain began in 1689, when king William and Queen Mary jointly accepted the Bill of Rights, which guaranteed free speech within both the House of Lords and the House of Commons and constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with power limited by Parliament began.
13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?——The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the arme d forces of the crown and the “supreme governor” of the established church of England.