中国海洋大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

中国海洋大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Unions are organizations of workers that bargain with employers

for economic and job benefits.They exist to create1and economic

power against private management and the2to achieve their goals.

These goals are primarily higher3,better working conditions,and

job security.4organized to achieve these goals are usually complex

in their social and psychological detail。

Union movements occurred in the5half of the1700s in the U.S.

Carpenters,printers,and shoemakers formed organizations as early

as1791in Philadelphia,Boston and New York.These6in most cases

over social and economic7between workers and employers when rapid

8in a young development country began to break down the familiar modes

of9and the close ties between workers and employers。

A long,hard drive for legalization of union10Unions fought with

companies and11courts for legitimacy and status.Unions were12as

a threat to free enterprise and private property,and13to political

and economic stability.They were also considered radical,and Geng

duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian

xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu

qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi companies resisted

them14.Violent conducts were frequent on both sides.The government

at times moved in state police to suppress the more15conflicts.Union

workers themselves often punished other workers who did not back their

policies。

Unions in the U.S.have always16a practical direction.They have not adopted radical ideologies or17goals.A major force in union organizing in the early part of the century,Samuel Gompers,took a practical approach.He18“bread and butter unionism”or“pure and simple unionism。”He was interested in immediate,practical gains—higher wages and shorter19.He sided with no political party, only20politicians who could help。

1. A.political B.principal C.crucial https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,munal

2. A.department https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,ernment C.section https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,partment

3. A.position B.rank C.wages D.benefits

4. A.Arrangements B.Adjustments C.Dynamics D.Movements

5. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,tter B.former C.early https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,ter

6. A.arouse B.arose C.arised D.aroused

7. A.contradiction B.dispute C.conflict D.debate

8. A.improvements B.rhythm C.pace D.alterations

9. A.production B.living https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,munication https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,merce

10. A.pursued B.followed C.gathered https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,unched

11. A.idealistic B.supportive C.unsympathetic D.advisable

12. A.depicted B.defined C.determined D.referred to

13. A.therefore B.moreover C.nevertheless D.nonetheless

14.A.energetically B.vigorously C.spontaneously D.promptly

15. A.brutal B.urgent C.fierce D.emergent

16. A.stood by B.strove for C.sought after D.stuck to

17.A.unrealistic B.practical C.unreasonable D.practicable

18. A.opposed B.advocated C.rejected D.approved

19. A.times B.hours C.whiles D.periods

20. A.against B.to C.for D.with

II Reading and Vocabulary:50points

Text1

Tight-lipped elders used to say,“It’s not what you want in this world,but what you get。”

Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things。

You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house,and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.If we intend to have friends to dinner,we plan the menu,make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first,and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served。

Likewise,if you want to find a job,take a sheet of paper,and write a brief account of yourself.In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself,for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services。

This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education,experience and references.Such an account is valuable.It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. While talking to you,your could-be employer is deciding whether your

education,your experience,and other qualifications,will pay him to employ you and your“wares”and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner。

When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something tangible to sell.Then you are ready to hunt for a job.Get all the possible information about your could-be job.Make inquiries as to the details regarding the job and the firm. Keep your eyes and ears open,and use your own judgment.Spend a certain amount of time each day seeking the employment you wish for, and keep in mind:Securing a job is your job now。

1.What do the elders mean when they say,“It’s not what you want in this world,but what you get。”?

[A]You’ll certainly get what you want。

[B]It’s no use dreaming。

[C]You should be dissatisfied with what you have。

[D]It’s essential to set a goal for yourself。

2.A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as________。

[A]an illustration of how to write an application for a job

[B]an indication of how to secure a good job

[C]a guideline for job description

[D]a principle for job evaluation

3.According to the passage,one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because________。

[A]that is the first step to please the employer

[B]that is the requirement of the employer

[C]it enables him to know when to sell his services

[D]it forces him to become clearly aware of himself

4.When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires,you have something________。

[A]definite to offer

[B]imaginary to provide

[C]practical to supply

[D]desirable to present

写出下列词汇(词组)在文章中的意思。

Para.1

tight-lipped(L1)

Para.3

essential(L4)

Para.4

account(L1)

Para.5

wares(L5)

reasonably(L6)

Para.6

inquiry(L3)

regarding(L3)

Text2

It’s a rough world out there.Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.Light up stove and you could burn down the house.Luckily,if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster,a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early1980s,when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers’misfortunes。

Feeling threatened,companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels,trying to anticipate every possible accident.Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn,among other things,that you might—surprise!—fall off.The label on a child’s Batman cape cautions that the toy“does not enable user to fly。”

While warnings are often appropriate and necessary—the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn’t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About50percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court。

Now the tide appears to be turning.As personal injury claims continue as before,some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.In May,Julie Nimmons,president of Schutt Sports in Illinois,successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet.

“We’re really sorry he has become paralyzed,but helmets aren’t designed to prevent those kinds of injuries,”says Nimmons.The jury agreed that the nature of the game,not the helmet,was the reason for the athlete’s injury.At the same time,the American Law Institute—a group of judges,lawyers,and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.“Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities,”says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines.If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability。

5.What were things like in1980s when accidents happened?

[A]Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits。

[B]Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system。

[C]Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings。

[D]Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised。

6.Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to________。

[A]satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products

[B]become honest in describing the inadequacies of their

products

[C]make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability

[D]feel obliged to view customers’safety as their first concern

7.The case of Schutt helmet demonstrated that________。

[A]some injury claims were no longer supported by law

[B]helmets were not designed to prevent injuries

[C]product labels would eventually be discarded

[D]some sports games might lose popularity with athletes

8.The author’s attitude towards the issue seems to be________

[A]biased[B]indifferent

[C]puzzling[D]objective

写出下列词汇(词组)在文章中的意思。

Para.1

compensate(L3)

(be)liable for(L4)

Para.2

anticipate(L2)

caution(L4)

Para.3

regulation(L2)

Para.4

side with(L2)

involve(L4)

triviality(L11)

Text3

Good news for people who always fail to see the silver lining on clouds.A report in this month’s New Scientist,suggests that a tendency to get down when life beats you up can be good for you.A growing number of cautionary voices from the world of mental-health research are claiming that it isn’t a good idea to use antidepressants to help get rid of unhappiness in the consequence of a marriage breakdown,death or redundancy because,“they fear that the increasing tendency to treat normal sadness as if it were a disease is playing fast and loose with a crucial part of our biology.Sadness, serves an evolutionary purpose。”

Jerome Wakefield,a clinical social worker at New York University explains that depressive feelings are part of our biological makeup.“When you find something this deeply in us biologically,you presume that it was selected because it had some advantage,otherwise we wouldn’t have been burdened with it.I think that one of functions of intense negative emotions is to stop our normal functioning,to make us focus on something else for a while。”While Paul Keedwell, psychiatrist at Cardiff University claims that even full-blown depression may have its purpose,saving the sufferer from the effects of long-term stress.Without a mental pause,he argues,“you might stay in a state of chronic stress until you’re exhausted or dead”。

Although,it is important to be careful when talking about depression,having the upside traced in your downside will have an

irresistible appeal to all those who take the phrase“Cheer up.Love, it might never happen”as a personal insult.It will be manna especially for creative types,who will have long suspected that crying a lot was a sign of their inward genius.During test(微博)s at Harvard,the News Scientist reports,people with signs of depression performed better at a creative task,especially after receiving feedback that was designed to reinforce their low mood. Although it is old-fashioned to claim that creativity is connected to gloomy moods and a grey outlook on life,all the best stuff is written by some grim-faced pencil chewer with a heart pumped by angst。

Richard Yates,whose novel Revolutionary Road is about to win an Oscar,has written seven novels and two collections of short stories, each more hopelessly miserable than the last.After years of accounting the impossibility of his toothless,drunken mother,his experiences in the second world war and divorces,Yates finally rounds things off in Disturbing the Peace by fictionalizing how a cocktail of alcoholism and psychotropic drugs had him take off his clothes and wander the streets of LA,giving all his money to beggars,convinced that he was Jesus.It is cruel-but so readable。

So,although the grand majority will never write anything as good as Yates,there is something to be gained from looking on the dark side.In a work environment,for example,disconnected people tend to achieve greater success than those of a sunny nature.It’s enough to make a pessimist dissolve into a Cheshire Cat grin。

9.Researchers in mental-health field regard sadness as____。

[A]a glimmer of hope to people in difficulties

[B]a normal disease among the distressed

[C]a biological component of human being

[D]a contributing factor to eventual success

10.The views of Jerome Wakefield and Paul Keedwell on depressive feeling are____。

[A]different[B]complementary[C]opposite[D]similar

11.The word“manna”(Paragraph3)most probably means____。

[A]a gift[B]a pain[C]a reward[D]a challenge

12.The story of Richard Yates shows that depressive men tend to be____。

[A]serious and mature

[B]brave and talented

[C]creative and persistent

[D]unfortunate and degenerate

13.According to the text,we can learn that____。

[A]The number of people addicted to antidepressants is on the rise

[B]Antidepressants may be going against human being evolution

[C]The writers are at high risk of suffering from depressive disorder

[D]Discontented workers may be more popular than the sunny ones

写出下列词汇(词组)在文章中的意思。

Para.1

in the consequence of(L4)

redundancy(L5)

Para.2

presume(L3)

chronic(L8)

Para.3

irresistible(L2)

appeal(L2)

insult(L3)

Para.4

miserable(L2)

Para.5

tend to(L3)

III Translate the following passage into Chinese:30points In country after country,talk of non-smokers’right is in the air.While a majority of countries have taken little or no action yet, some30nations have introduced legislative steps to control smoking. Many laws have been introduced in other countries to help clear the air for nonsmokers,or to cut cigarette consumption。

In some developed countries the consumption of cigarettes has become more or less stabilized.However,in many developing nations, cigarette smoking is seen as a sign of economic progress—and is even encouraged.As more tobacco companies go international,new

markets are sought to gain new smokers in those countries。

Smoking is harmful to the health of people.World governments should conduct serious campaigns against it.Restrictions on cigarette advertisements,plus health warnings on packages and bans on public smoking in certain places such as theatres,cinemas and restaurants,are the most popular tools used by nations in support of nonsmokers or in curbing smoking.But world attention also is focusing on another step which will make the smoker increasingly self-conscious and uncomfortable about his habit.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.And cigarette price should be boosted。

In the long run,there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether,but people are not ready for such drastic action。

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析

西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b10505349.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work

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华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic

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四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）

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Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、

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endorse背书;赞同 endow赋与 endure忍受,忍耐,持久 energy精力,活力 enfold围绕,笼罩,包封 enforce加强,力劝,迫使 engage从事,忙於 engender酿成,产生 engrave刻,铭记(於心) enhance增加,提高 enjoin命令,禁止 enjoy欢喜,享受 enlist服役,从军 enrage激怒,使暴怒 enrapture使狂喜 enrich使丰富,充实,装饰 enroll入学,登记,入伍 enshrine奉祀於庙堂中,奉为神圣enshroud覆盖,遮蔽 enslave奴役 ensnare诱入陷阱 ensure保证 entangle使困惑,使陷入 enthrall迷住 entice吸引,引诱 entitle给与名称,使有资格,使有权利entrance使出神,使神魂颠倒 entreat恳求 entrench挖壕沟以保护,确立 entrust交托 envelop包围,围绕 environment环境 environs周围,郊外 envisage想像,设想 envision拟想(未来) envoy使者

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北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered

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