Unit6 Get Me The Geeks

Unit6 Get Me The Geeks!

It's hard to say exactly when it happened, but sometime during the past ten years, most of us involuntarily surrendered a big chunk of our lives to computers, and to other networking devices that contain computer chips. We're talking laptops, desk tops, cell phones, BlackBerrys, PDAs, and remote controls -- anything that needs to be programmed, requires technical support, and can crash, die, or merely freeze.

As Steve Kroft reports, that always has a way of happening at the worst possible moment, and for most of us there is only one solution: get me the geeks!

We are becoming slaves to our own technology - addicted to and dependent upon all sorts of beeping, flashing gadgetry that is supposed to make our lives easier.

But it has become so complicated to set up, program and fix, that most of us don't know how to do it, giving rise to a multi-billion dollar service industry populated by the very people who used to be shunned in the high school cafeteria: geeks, like Robert Stephens.

"It takes time to read the manuals. I'm gonna save you that time cause I stay home on Saturday nights and read them for you," Stephens says, laughing. "You and the rest of the geeks," Kroft remarks.

"There's millions of us out there across the country," Stephens says.

And 12,000 of them work for Stephens, the founder and chief inspector of "Geek Squad," the tech support company he founded 12 years ago while he was still in college and sold in 2002 to Best Buy.

Whether his geeks are making service calls in their Volkswagen Beetles or toiling over the 4,000 frozen, infected computers that pass through a facility near Louisville every day, they all wear the same uniform - white shirts, white sox and black clip on ties. It's a look Stephens borrowed from NASA engineers.

"It looks a little weird walking down the street, 'cuz people think we're gonna hand out bibles. But when you see like 20 of us walk into a bar and start you know ordering beers, it looks like an FBI raid," Stephens tells Kroft.

He says the biggest complaint about tech support people is rude, egotistical behavior and the uniform is designed to impart a dose of humility as they work their wizardry.

"I mean, there's usually some frantic civilian at the door pointing at some device in the corner that will not obey," he explains. "And we've gotta make sense of it. And, you know, hygiene provides bonus points if I don't smell bad. I mean, literally, that was my business plan. Just be nice and fix it."

Asked if people are grateful, Stephens says, "Oh, of course. If you look at like the focus groups or whatever, people will say, 'Savior,' and, 'They saved me,' and, 'They saved my data.'"

"This stuff's irreplaceable. Your master's thesis that you've been working on for six years that you, that you promised yourself you'll back up next week, we have saved more MBA degrees in this country than anybody," he adds.

Stephens says the company has become indispensable. "Because I don't think that the pace of innovation is going to slow. I don't think people realize the Internet revolution hasn't even really started yet," he explains.

A dozen years ago, when Stephens started the Geek Squad, most people used IBM computers, and primitive Microsoft software; the Internet was still a novelty. Today, thousands of products and providers allow you to watch TV shows, make phone calls, download music, print color photos, and dictate letters without leaving your desktop, if you have the time, the patience, the aptitude, and the available brain cells to master yet another software protocol.

David Pogue, who has authored computer books and writes a weekly technology column for The New York Times, says the revolution is still a work in progress. "Part of the problem, when it comes to computers at least, is that there are so many cooks for what you are using. Microsoft made the operating system, some company in Taiwan made the equipment, you're running software from a company in California, and now you're installing the driver for a digital camera from a fourth company. You know, what are the odds that all of these are going to work flawlessly together for all 400 million people who have PCs? Zip," Pogue says.

"So, what do you do?" Kroft asks.

"You get unhappy. You develop software rage," Pogue says.

Anyone who has ever called a toll free help line knows what David Pogue is talking about, and it doesn't seem to make any difference whether you are talking to someone in Delhi or Dallas.

Software companies will try and convince you it's a hardware problem and hardware companies will do the reverse. According to one survey, 29 percent of all callers swear at their customer service representative, 21 percent just scream. The rest presumably are too exhausted to do either.

All the inconvenience and stress are a hidden tax on the low, low price you initially paid for the computer - the profit margin doesn't allow for customer service.

"Honestly, where do you go if you can't get it work? People buy this stuff and then [get] dropped. Where do they go for help?" Pogue asks.

It is this market niche that the geeks have filled. With more and more households discovering a need for tech support, they've become as valuable as a good plumber or electrician. On the low end, there are teenagers like Brandon von Koschembahr, who will be happy to come over and bail you out as long as it doesn't conflict with his shift at Starbucks. He can do it all, lives right down the street and his rates are reasonable - small market share.

On the high end, there is Paul Austi, geek to the stars. He will buy and install and all your electronics, integrate TV, cable, DVDs, music, climate control and lighting onto a single custom-built remote that even Kroft could operate. And all of this can be had for just a few hundred thousand dollars.

"How hard is it for an average person to go into a store and buy a high-def TV set and come back and work it," Kroft asks.

"I would say, in my client base, it would probably be less than five percent," Austi says.

Robert Stephens of the Geek Squad says more than a third of the wireless routers and modems purchased at Best Buy are returned because people think they are just too complicated.

"There's the do-it-yourselfers. There's the do-it-for-me. And what we're discovering is the even bigger market of 'I-thought-I-could-it-myself' crowd," Stephens tells Kroft.

New York school teacher David Barkhymer, who considers himself a bit of geek, fell into the last category: he spent three days trying to hook up his new 32 inch HDTV, plodding through menus and a manual that was almost certainly written by Korean engineers.

He finally gave up and sought profession help.

Dr. Donald Norman is an uber-geek - a professor at Northwestern University and one of the preeminent engineers in the country. He helped set the technical standards for high definition television in the U.S., but he had to hire a geek to set up his own TV.

"When people call up geeks to come and fix something or install it, a lot of them seem very apologetic for not being able to do it. Should they be apologetic?" Kroft asks.

"Absolutely not. No, it's not their fault. It's the damned designers of this stuff who have no understanding of real people, everyday people," Norman says. Dr. Norman says the technology changes so fast and the competitive pressures are so great that products are pushed into the marketplace before engineers had a chance to simplify them.

"Someone complained to me, 'You'd need a degree, an engineering degree from MIT, to work this damn thing,'" Norman says. "Well, I have an engineering degree from MIT. And I couldn't work it."

Norman says one of the problems is function creep, adding all sorts of features that people don't want, don't need, can't use, and don't even know they have. For every new feature, there has to be a new button. And they keep getting smaller and smaller, and harder to read.

"Forty-eight buttons on this remote," Kroft points out, looking at one model. "Yeah, and 48 buttons all the same size and shape. Now, you're not a technology designer, but let me just ask you intuitively, which buttons on a DVD television should be the most important and large?" Pogue asks.

"Off and play," Kroft replies.

"Right," Pogue agrees. "And beyond off and play, perhaps channel and volume. Find the volume buttons on this remote. Go. It's blaring, your wife is screaming; find the volume buttons."

It turns out the volume buttons were buried on the remote.

You might get used to it if you only had one remote, but a collection is the standard. Pogue says, "This is I suspect the situation most people have on their coffee tables."

You can buy a universal remote now for a few hundred dollars, but you don't even want to know how complicated it is to set up. Almost everything has a computer chip in it now, including toasters.

Then there's iPod's, cell phones and digital cameras, even dishwashers and refrigerators that need to be programmed.

"Why do I need a computer in my refrigerator?" Kroft asks.

"Well, you don't. But you bought one that does have a chip, so you're on the cutting-edge. Just be glad that you didn't get the one that requires an Internet connection. There are three of those now," Pogue says.

What do they do?

"It's absolutely amazing. When you run out of something, it knows, and it creates a list for you. A shopping list. So you can even hook it up to, let's say, one of the online grocery store delivery systems, and you're in business," Pogue says. "So what's really gonna happen in 10 years is, all these things are getting smart," says Norman. "The kitchen appliances will talk to each other. Can you imagine, you go to the refrigerator and it says, 'No. I've been talking to your scale - that's not on your diet?"

It's enough to make you want get in your car and drive as far away as you can get from all this advancing technology, providing you're not doing it in a Mercedes, Audi or BMW: all have elaborate onboard computer systems, that may require you to navigate a number of different menus just to turn up the temperature or to tune the radio, not something that is recommended while you are driving along at 65 miles an hour.

Tom and Ray Magliozzi, a.k.a. "Click and Clack the Tappet brothers," review automobiles on National Public Radio's "Car Talk."

Asked why manufacturers have made these cars so complicated, Tom Magliozzi says, "Because the technology was there."

"Well, if you're buying a 50 or $60,000, or more, car, you don't want pedestrian-looking buttons. You want something sophisticated, and something that the average car thief maybe can't figure out," Ray adds. "If have a seven-series BMW, you just can't hand someone the keys and say, 'Oh, take my car.' Well, they're not going anywhere with it. 'Take my car. But, oh, you have to come to the tutorial first.'"

This of course is all great news for tech support people who teach, install, program or upgrade software and operating systems and make their living on crashing technology. Right now, there is plenty of job security - every two months something new comes out and their whole job changes. You could call it the revenge of the geeks.

"The geeks are ruling the universe," Kroft remarks.

"Yes," Stephens agrees. "But it's like the Greeks used to talk about the philosopher kings. Geeks have no interest in power. The only power we're interested in is low power consumption and longer battery life and low prices so we can stay up later at night. Geeks have no desire - geeks may inherit the earth, but they have no desire to rule it."

新编大学英语视听说教程4听力原文及答案

视听说4 听力原文及答案 Unit 1 Leisure activities Part 1 listening one Ever wish you could do magic tricks, or introduce yourself as “magician” at a party? Imagine, everybody wants to have fun, but nothings’ really happening, it’s time for you to show one of your new tricks. Here, you can learn how, and without any need for special materials or much practice. A trick with a coin, a handkerchief and a friend: Put the coin on your palm. Cover the coin with the handkerchief. Ask several people to put their hands beneath the handkerchief and feel the coin, to make sure that it is still there. Then take the corner of the handkerchief and pull it rapidly off your hand. The coin has gone! How? You must make sure the last friend who feels the coin knows the trick and removes the coin when he seems to be just feeling it. And nobody knows where it has gone! A trick with a piece of paper and a pencil: Tell your friend that you can communicate your thoughts without speaking to other people. Write on the piece of paper the word No. Don't let your friends see what you have written. Say, "Now I will communicate this word into your minds." Pretend to concentrate. Ask them if they know what is written on the paper. They will say, "No!" And you say, "Quite correct! I wrote No on the paper!" A trick with an egg and some salt: Ask your friends to stand the egg upright on the table. They won't manage to do it. Say that you can speak to the chicken inside. Say, "Chicken! Can you hear me? Get ready to balance your egg!" When you first get the egg back from your friends, pretend to kiss the egg at the base. Make the base wet. Then put the base into salt which is in your other hand. The salt will stick to the egg. Then put the egg on the table. Twist the egg around a few times as this will arrange the grains of salt. Then it will stand up. Don't forget to thank the chicken. Questions: 1.What does the magician ask people to do in the first trick 2.What happens to the coin? 3.How does the magician prove that he can communicate his thoughts to the audience in the second trick? 4.What is the first step to make the egg stand upright? 5.What else is needed to make the egg stand upright? Keys: 1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D

古诗典故及其作用

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大学英语视听说英语听力

Task 1 Unit 1Unit 2Unit 3Unit 4Unit 5Unit 6Unit 7Unit 8Unit 9Unit 10 Task 1Task 2Task 3 Model 1Model 2Model 3 Task 1Task 2Task 3 Further listening 1Further listening 2Further listening 3Further speaking 1 Unit 3 Every Jack has his Jill! Done with this task. Target score: 60% Your current score: 90% Unit 3 test Next Part I Script Directions: Listen to the short dialogs, and then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers. 1.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.) A. They are close friends. B. They are strangers to each other. C. They are colleagues. D. They are members of the same family. 2.(Listen to the audio recording for the question.) A. Because Rob has fallen in love with another girl. B. Because they quarreled with each other. C. Because Rob has been cheating Susie.

《牛津英语搭配词典》述评

《牛津英语搭配词典》述评 本文从英语学习者的搭配查检需求出发，评述了《牛津英语搭配词典》在收录范围、编排方式、词条结构、语法信息、用法信息，例证设置、查检结构等方面的编纂特色，指出其创新、优点与不足，并探讨了进一步完善的途径。 标签：《牛津英语搭配词典》；搭配；英语学习者；编纂特色 为了帮助英语学习者掌握英语搭配，正确、得体、流畅地进行言语产出，2001年牛津大学出版社出版了《牛津英语搭配词典》为了提高了词典的查得性和可用性，OCDSE的创新之一就是设立了用法说明和学习专页，集中处理相关搭配。索引（index）指出了它们在书中的具体页码，并在相关词条指明了参见它们的参见信息。 一些表示通货、度量衡、宗教等的词语构成了词语集，每个词语集内的词语都有着共同的搭配成分。于是OCDSE 把各个词语集的共享搭配集中放在用法说明（NOTE）里，而各词语的独有搭配另设词条处理，同时注明参见本词语集的NOTE。这就避免了在各个词条下重复列举搭配词，既节省了篇幅，又便于英语学习者归纳整理，举一反三，达到事半功倍之效。 学习专页的特色是以语义为中心组织搭配，表意功能相关的搭配被置于一个个灰色边框内，分别提供了computer，business，music，sport，clothes 等专题常用的搭配。学习者即使只有computer 这个概念，也可以在page COMPUTERS 找到很多有用的搭配，例如boot up the computer，compress/zip the file 等。 三、词条设计 多义词词条按义项分节，用阿拉伯数字标出，数字后是意义的注释。如果仅处理多义词一个义项下的搭配，像单义词词条一样，OCDSE不再注释这个意义。OCDSE的义项注释和单语学习词典的指示标（signpost）类似，或者是简短的释义，例如，red adj. 1 of the colour of blood ；或者指出搭配的指称对象，如red 2 of the face；或者是词目词的近义词，如hard adj. 2 difficult ；或者指出动词典型主语或宾语的属性或范畴，如record verb.1 information 2 sound/pictures；作用是区分义项，方便读者检索。 不同义项下的众多搭配词首先按词类分类，用符号“·”和词类标签引导，另起一行。每一类别内的搭配词按语义或范畴分组，各组之间用“｜”隔开。以词条pollution （部分）为例： pollution noun ·ADJ. air，atmospheric，environmental，marine，river，water｜chemical，industrial，nuclear｜lead，nitrate，noise，oil，ozone，sewage，vehicle，etc｜airborne

新世纪大学英语视听说听力原文

U N I T1O u r E a r t h Track 4-1-1& 4-1-2 Blake: What are you working on, Mary? Mary: I'm finishing my paper. It's due tomorrow, Blake. Blake: What's the topic? Mary: It's about Greenland. Blake: Greenland. Hmmm . . . that's part of Canada, right? Mary: I think you need to study your world geography, Blake. Blake: Well, isn't it near Canada? Mary: Yes, it's off the coast of northeast Canada, but it's part of Denmark. I'd answer only the Bart:Wow! That does sound exciting. Maybe I should apply. I'll need a job next summer. Carolina: Sorry, Bart, but you can't apply to that program. It's a special program for international students. Track 4-1-4 1. Mt. Fuji is really beautiful from far away. When you climb it, it's just rocks and dirt ... but it's really beautiful from far away. 2. Last year I was in San Francisco and I had a chance to drive across the Golden Gate Bridge. What an amazing feat of engineering. It gives you a chance to look through all of San Francisco and over San Francisco Bay and it's just a wonderful chance to see the city. Track 4-1-OL-1&4-1-OL-2 Jay: Come in here, Elise. You should see this show! Elise: W hat is it?

典故取名

典故取名 典故是中国的古老文化，还记得小编在上学的时候老师就经常教导我们可以引用典故，引用典故是很容易在作文中加分的哦，而在起名中，典故也是可以成为名字的加分项。中国传统的起名法中，“典故取名”是其中最常见的取名方法之一。 中国古今文人的名字，使用历史典故者为数众多。但在寥寥两字名中用典，显得深奥隐讳，所以当代人很难觉察知晓其中隐含的特殊语义。比如我国著名社会学家潘光旦先生这个名字怪怪的，究竟有什么含义?原来潘光旦之名和复旦大学的校名都出自《尚书》所载的《卿云歌》：日月光华，旦复旦兮。意思是：日月光华既夜而复明，就是光明代代相传的意思。

再比如《中国语文》主编侯精一先生，名字也不一般。侯精一之名出自《尚书·大禹谟》：惟精惟一，允执厥中。意思是：精粹纯一。“光旦”、“精一”等名，都是典故词语，要搞清其深层寓义，须追溯典籍源头，破译文化密码，才能理解这类名字的文化意义。 利用典故取名，是希望自己能够跟名字一样，每个人都希望自己人如其名，在中国人的观念里，名字里会暗示着自己或者家人对自己的期望，希望长大以后能够像名字一样，或美丽动人、或潇洒从容、或志向高远、或前程万里、或孝顺体贴、或幸福安康。引用典故取名就能够很好的传达这样的效果，同时还能够拉近与人的距离哦，试想一下，别人在问你你的名字很特别的时候，你就可以很自豪的说，你的名字是出自何种典故而来，这样在交谈中无疑会拉近拟于他人的距离，在社交中起到一定的作用。

引用典故取名的好处多多，那么我们在利用典故取名时应该注意哪些问题呢？ 1、名字引用典故或名言警句等是位理学的取名原则之一。 2、我国上下五千年文化宝库中的璀璨明珠，利用典故取名，可以以极其精练的两三个字，使所要寄托的宏伟抱负、贤良品质，处世之道等丰富内容，极其含蓄隽永地表达出来，使人名、公司名和品牌名字显得高尚文雅。

suffer和suffering课件及试题

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suffer+a wound受伤(有伤口) suffer death丧命 suffer loss/damage/injury/harm遭受(或蒙受)损失/损害/损伤/伤害suffer+violence/ill-treatment/ delay/failure遭遇暴力/不公正对待/耽搁/失败 suffer+a accident/attack/blow/ setback遭遇事故;遭遇袭击;受到打击;受挫折 suffer the consequence(s) of sth遭受(或蒙受)…的后果 suffer the effect(s) of sth受到…的影响 suffer hunger and cold受冻挨饿二、suffering/?s?f?r??/ n.[U and C] serious physical or mental pain:

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英语词典都在这里了

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赞。可惜后来因为版权原因，灵格斯客户端，只有清清冷冷几本词典了，不复往日的辉煌。这两年，Mdict的反响还不错。感兴趣的朋友，可以自己在网上搜索下载。另外，欧陆电脑端也比较受推崇，有人在知乎晒图，亮出十几本词库，从朗文、牛津的英英版和双解版，到vocabulary和维基百科，实在是让人羡慕嫉妒。不过，用电脑端查词，还是不太方便。毕竟，电脑没法随时带在身边，也不能想查词了，再去开电脑吧。 三、电子词典 高中的时候，文曲星之类的电子词典风靡一时。看到同学口袋里随时装个词典，简直羡煞人。大学的时候，卡西欧开始热卖。卡西欧词典，就一个字，贵。大学的时候很想买，一听价格上千，就罢了。毕业两三年后，还是月光族的时候，入手了卡西欧E-E200，喜欢的不得了。这本卡西欧收录的词典有： ENGLISH-CHINESE DICTIONARY --《英汉大词典》（第二版） CHINESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY --《汉英大词典》（第三版）Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary --《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》（第七版）Longman Dictionary --《朗文当代高级英语词典》（第四版）Oxford Dictionary of English --《新牛津英语大词典》COBUILD --《柯林斯COBUILD英汉

使用典故的作用

以典入诗别有意趣——古诗词的巧妙用典 (宋玲) 以典入诗，是历代诗人常用的表现手法。凡诗文中引用过去有关人、地、事、物之史实，或有来历有出处的词语、佳句，来表达诗人的某种愿望或情感，而增加词句之形象、含蓄与典雅，或意境的内涵与深度，即称“用典。”用典也是诗歌的一种修辞手法，可避免一览无余的直白，还可给读者在诗行间留下联想和思索的余地。的确，用典用得巧妙、恰当，可以使诗词意蕴丰富、简洁含蓄、庄重典雅，使表达更加生动形象，诗句更凝练，言近而旨远，含蓄而婉转，从而提高作品的表现力和感染力，达到古诗人常说的：力透纸背，掷地有声！下面，我主要讲四点，一是诗词用典的主要作用；二是用典的主要形式；三是用典的手法；四是用典要注意的三个问题。首先具体说一下诗词用典的主要作用： 一、品评历史，借古论今。如： 泊秦准（杜牧） 烟笼塞水月笼沙，夜泊秦淮近酒家。 商女不知亡国恨，隔江犹唱《后庭花》。

诗中的《后庭花》歌曲名，是引用的一个典故，南朝陈后主所作的《玉树后庭花》，被后人称为为“亡国之音”。诗人所处的晚唐时期正值国运衰微之际，而这些统治者不以国事为重，反而聚集于酒楼之中欣赏靡靡之音，怎能不使诗人产生历史可能重演的隐忧?所以，诗人这里是借陈后主因荒淫享乐终致亡国的历史讽刺晚唐那些醉生梦死的统治者不从中汲取教训。 二、抒情言志,表明心迹。如： 如苏轼在《江城子·密州出猎》“持节云中，何日遣冯唐?”中引用了一个典故。据《汉书·冯唐传》记载：汉文帝时，魏尚为云中太守，抵御匈奴有功，只因报功时多报了六个首级而获罪削职。后来，文帝采纳冯唐的劝谏，派冯唐持符节到云中去赦免魏尚。这里诗人身在密州，怀才不遇、壮志难酬，以魏尚自喻，希望有一天，朝廷也能派遣象冯唐这样的人前来，抒发了渴望报效朝廷的壮志豪情。 永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古 千古江山，英雄无觅孙仲谋处。舞榭歌台，风流总被雨打风吹去。斜阳草树，寻常巷陌，人道寄奴曾住。想当年，金戈铁马，气吞万里如虎。元嘉草草，封狼居胥，赢得仓皇北顾。四十三年，望中犹记,烽火扬州路。可堪回首，佛狸祠下，一片神鸦社鼓！凭谁问:廉颇老矣，尚能饭否？这首词用了四个典故，典中套典，我们就说一下最后用的廉颇的典故。廉颇为赵名将，赵王听信谗言不信任他。后秦攻赵，赵王想用廉颇，派人去了解他的情况。廉颇一心为国，当着使者的面吃下一斗

选择最合适的英文词典

量体裁衣，按需选购 ――教你选择最合适的词典 Q1：买一本厚的词典一步到位好还是在不同的阶段买不同的词典好？一本词典可以从小学用到大学吗？ 答：应该在不同的年龄段，在学习英语的不同阶段，使用不同的词典，以适合当时自己学习英语的需要。初级英语学习者在一开始购买初级或初阶类型的学习词典，一般来说开本较小，价格也便宜。随着水平的增长，可以再购买最新的中级或高级的学习词典，这样就保证参考的针对性，也能保持与时代同步。 Q2：我认为学生买一部比较大的词典就都够用了，为什么要分级购买呢？ 答：不同的产品具有不同的侧重点，针对的对象也不同，因此根据不同年龄段学生的特点购买相应的英语工具书可以达到良好的效果。小学生学习英语最重要的是培养其兴趣，所以要选择趣味性、故事性较强的一类，如《儿童英汉百科图解词典》、《中国小学英语学习词典》等。初中、高中学生在英语入门的基础上循序渐进，巩固提高，这时就可以选择较简单英汉双解词典或英英词典了，或者选用专门针对他们编写的词典，如《中国初中英语学习词典》、《中国高中英语学习词典》。 Q3：当代大学生应该用什么样的英语词典？ 答：根据英语专业和非英语专业的划分，大学生使用和购买词典的情况也不相同。 一般来说非英语专业的大学生需要一本解释详尽的英汉双解词典、一本难度适中的英英词典和一本中型汉英词典。可选择的对象包括：《牛津袖珍英汉双解词典》、《朗文当代高级英语辞典》（英英英汉双解）、《朗文当代高级英语辞典》（第三版增补本）、《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》（英语版）及《汉英词典》（修订版缩印本）或《现代汉英词典》（新版）。 对英语专业的大学生来说，可选择的对象就很多了。除了上面所列举的词典外，还要包括一些专门类的英语词典，如：《牛津英语搭配词典》、《牛津英语习语词典》、《牛津英语短语动词词典》、《牛津当代英语成语词典》等等。 Q4：牛津的词典和朗文的词典哪一个好？两者的主要区别在哪里？ 答：牛津和朗文是英国两家著名的出版社，各自都出版了大量的英语词典。读者经常提到的牛津与朗文分别指的是《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》和《朗文当代高级英语辞典》（英英?英汉双解）。这两部词典都是世界上最知名的学习型词典品牌，专门为母语不是英语的学习者编纂而成，各有特色。 《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》历史悠久从20世纪20年代第一版算起，到现在已经出版了6个版本。其释义严谨，讲究准确，但阅读起来有一定难度。另外它的语法标注详细，在读者中享有盛誉。 朗文词典则以读者为中心，采用词汇控制理论，用2000个最简单的英语单词解释所有词条，因而浅显易懂。朗文词典清楚地表明口语和书面语，最常用的词汇按照频率分成1000、2000和3000三个等级。朗文的例句口语化，而且全部选自真实的日常对话，更适用于强调英语口语学习的读者。此外朗文词典图文并茂，用法说明详细丰富，尤其受到大学和中学教师的欢迎。 Q5：初学者应该选用何种词典？