汉译英中“翻译意识”的培养
汉译英中“翻译意识”的培养
——汉英语言对比分析
摘要: 汉英两种语言根植于东西方两种不同文化体系, 它们之间的行文表达习惯存在明显差别。本文从汉英语言及其文化的差异入手, 提出在汉译英过程中, 进行语言对比分析, 培养各种“翻译意识”, 以提高译者的素质和译文质量。关键词: 翻译意识; 语言对比分析; 译文质量
一、引言
“语言各有所长”,不同的语言各有其独特之处。然而, 两种语言之间纵然有天壤之别, 其间也一定存在某些相通之处, 语言间的可译性也缘于此。“正因为有了‘同’, 才可以互译; 正因为有了‘异’, 才产生不同的方法与技巧。”“同”固然重要, 它决定了能否进行互译, “异”更需要关注, 它探索怎样进行互译, 决定如何操作。陈宏薇也说过, “语言的共性保证了翻译的可行性, 语言的个性决定了翻译的科学性、艺术性和技巧性。”可见, 研究对比两种语言的差异对两者之间的翻译十分重要, 并决定着译文质量的高低。本文拟从汉英语言对比的角度, 谈谈汉译英时几种翻译意识的培养。
二、翻译意识
汉英两种语言跟植于不同的文化, 其民族具有不同的思维方式, 导致两种语言之间的巨大差异。汉民族倾向于整体思维, 注重综合; 而英语民族则倾向于个性, 注重分析; 汉民族人信直觉长于形象思维; 英语民族则讲求实证,擅长逻辑论证。这些差异对汉英两种语言产生了很大影响。总体来说, 汉语是以分析型为主的语言, 以词序、虚词等表达语法关系和意义, 以意统型, 讲求意合; 英语则处于综合型向分析型过渡的阶段, 借词本身的形态变化表达语法意义, 以形驾意, 讲求形合。因此, 汉英翻译中, 以两种语言的这些差异为基调, 培养种种“翻译意识”对提高汉英翻译水平大有帮助。
1. 主语意识
英语求“形”, 汉语重“意”。“英语句子好比一棵参天大树, 一串葡萄, 一串珍珠, 一树荔枝。而汉语好比一根竹子, 一盘珠子, 一江波涛。”英语句子讲求严格的主谓机制, 凡英语句子无不以主谓结构为基调; 而汉语句子结构则比较松散, 不求严格的主谓结构。因此, 在汉译英过程中, 把握这种区别, “记住英语是主语显著语言, 句子构建在主谓轴上”, 培养主语意识, 是提高汉译英质量的重要保证。
例: 沉默呵, 沉默呵! 不在沉默中爆发, 就在沉默中死亡。
Silence,silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence!
一把菜刀闹革命。H e beg an his revolut ionary career with a chopping knife.
以上两例, 原语句子主语隐含, 是典型的汉语主题型句子, 而译成英语时, 我们需要考虑到英语句子的主谓明显性, 培养主语意识, 在译文中找回句子主语, 使其由隐变显。
又如: 幸亏这些青年妇女, 白洋淀长大的, 她们摇得小船飞快。小船活像离开了水面的一条打跳的梭鱼。It was lucky that all these young wives had grow
up by the river;their boat went like the wind. It shot forward like some flying fish, hardly skimming the water.
译语句子中, 对主语进行了改动, 将“她们”替换为“their boat”, 同下文“It”紧密相连, 使整段文字流畅, 上下文衔接自然。以上各例, 无论是增添主语, 使其由隐变显, 还是重新确定, 替换主语, 都遵循了译语, 即英语
句子的特点: 主语明显, 符合译语的表达习惯。
2. 搭配意识
英语重“形”, 以形驾意, 汉语重“意”, 以意统形。故英语结构严密显化, 汉语结构松散隐含。英语形合, 汉语意合的特点不仅从字句段落上明显地反映出来, 在词汇层面上也可以找到痕迹, 这主要反映在英汉词汇搭配差异上。英语词汇之间搭配要求严格, 能否互相搭配由彼此的本质特点决定, 搭配关系比
较固定; 而汉语词汇之间搭配则比较宽松, 词语之间能否搭配不由其本质特点
决定, 搭配关系比较灵活, 往往汉语中能够彼此搭配的词语, 在英语中则不能
搭配。汉语一个词可以与许多词语搭配, 形成“博配”关系, 而英语中往往需要选择不同的词语与之搭配。
由于英汉语言在词汇搭配上的这种差异, 在汉译英中, 译者需要根据语境在理解原语词汇意义的基础上, 将其模糊隐含的搭配关系明朗化, 在译文中进
行调整, 选择恰当的词语与之搭配, 以使译文表达符合译语习惯。因此, 培养词语搭配意识对与提高汉译英质量, 译出地道的英语译文十分必要。
例:①那位司机听不懂我说的话。②他懂礼貌。③干部必须懂政策。
以上三句中文均用到“懂”一词, 与之搭配的是三个不同的名词“话”, “礼貌”, “政策”, 其搭配关系比较松散, 须结合全句语境才能理解其内涵, 不能简单的都用“understand”一词, 译者将其分别译为: ①That driver could not understand me. ②H e has good manners. ③Cadres must have a good grasp of policies.
译文中对原文词语搭配进行调整, 根据原文语境, 分别选用了地道的译语词语搭配关系, 符合译语表达习惯。
又如: “身体好, 学习好, 工作好。”
中文里“好”可谓最具“博配”性, 其具体的搭配意义也十分广泛, 翻译时必须根据具体语境, 将其隐含、模糊的搭配意义明朗化, 选择译语中地道的搭配关系。因此以上原文分别译为: “Keep fit, study w ell and work hard.
再如:“打电话, 打的, 打毛衣, 打篮球, 打水。”
中文中可以“打”的东西太多了, 很多事物都可以用“打”作为动词。可见汉语中词语搭配比较松散灵活, 译为英语却不能通通译为“make”什么的, 需按英文的搭配要求, 选择地道的符合其语言表达习惯的搭配。因此, 上述词语分别译为: “make a phone call, take a taxi, knit a woolen sweater , play basketball fetch water.”
以上诸例告诉我们, 英汉语言中词汇在搭配关系上差异明显。英语词汇搭配比较固定, 要求严格, 而汉语词语搭配比较灵活, 要求宽松。因此, 在汉译英过程中, 须结合原文语境, 理解其内涵, 在此基础上选择英语中地道的词语搭配关系,
培养词语搭配意识, 提高译文质量。
3. 形合连贯意识
英语是一种形合显著性语言, “造句注意形式接应, 要求结构完整, 句子以形寓意, 以法摄神, 因而严密规范, 采用的是焦点句法”。可见, 英语句子结
构严密, 上下衔接, 句子关系要求明确的词汇手段显化明示; 而汉语是一种意
合显著性语言, “造句注重意念连贯, 不求结构齐整,句子以意役形, 以神统法, 因而流泻铺排, 采用的是散点句法”。汉语句子结构松散, 句子之间关系“含而不露”, 上下文衔接很少采用词汇手段显化明示, 而是以“意”统“形”, 让读者“意会”而不直接“言传”。因此, 在汉译英过程中, 铭记汉英组句特点, 把握英语形合连贯特性, 在译文中化“隐”为“显”, 培养形合连贯意识, 有利于提高我们汉译英水平, 增强译文效果。
例: 我常见许多青年的朋友, 聪明用功, 成绩优异, 而语文程度不足以达意, 甚至写一封信亦难得通顺, 问其故则曰其兴趣不在语文方面。I have come across a great many bright and diligent young friends who have done exceedingly well in t heir studies, but are rather weak in Chinese. They cannot even write a letter in correct Chinese. When I asked them why, they said they w ere not interestedin the Chinese language.
上例中, 汉语原文句子以“我常见许多青年的朋友”开头引出话题, 谈论青年朋友的一些特点, 从其优点出发, 转入缺点, 进而引起作者忧虑, 过渡到作
者句末发问。整个句子思路清晰, 句间关系隐于其意, 没有显化的词汇等连
接手段, 主语也藏于“意”间, 符合典型的汉语行文特点, 中文读者一目了然。在译文中, 译者根据译语即英语形合连贯的特点进行处理, 让原文隐含的句子
关系和主语显化,添加适当的连接词和衔接手段, 使上下文关系清晰, 体现
了英语形合连贯的行文方式。
又如: ( 陆) 贾仍粗述存亡之征, 凡著十二卷。每奏一篇, 帝未尝不称善, 号其书曰“新语”Lu Jia wrote a book dealing generally with the causes o f the rise and fall of states, in twelve chapter s, which he read one after another to the Emperor, who never failed t o praise them. The book was called Xin Yu ( New Discourse)
同上例一样, 本例译文中适当添加的连接词以及其它连接手段, 使原文句子中
隐含的逻辑关系显化, 符合译语行文特点。
可见, 在汉译英过程中, 把握英语的形合连贯性, 培养形合连贯意识, 对于我们译出符合译语行文和表达习惯的译文是十分必要的。
三、结语
汉英两种语言根植于东西方这两种不同的文化环境。汉语民族和英语民族不同的生活方式, 文化习俗, 传统习惯, 思维方式等必将反映到语言上来, 并通
过两者语言的差异表现出其背后所处文化的特点。在汉译英过程中, 译者要了解两种文化, 熟知其差异, 培养文化意识。由两种文化差异带来的两种语言上的不同特点还要求译者对两种语言进行对比研究和分析, 在此基础上采取恰当的手
段和方法, 对原文进行处理和转换, 以使译文符合译语行文特点和表达习惯,
完成两者之间的交流, 传达好原语文化。
参考文献:
[ 1] 谭载喜. 新编奈达论翻译[ M ] . 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司, 1999. [ 2] 陈定安. 英汉比较与翻译[ M ] . 北京: 中国对外翻译出版公司, 1998. 7. [ 3] 陈宏薇. 新实用汉译英教程[ Z] . 武汉: 湖北教育出版社,1999.
[ 4] 陈宏薇,李亚丹.新编汉英翻译教程[ Z].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2004.
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汉译英 1.广场舞是社区中老年居民以健身、社交等为目的在广场、公园等开敞的地方进行的健身操或舞蹈，通常以高分贝的音乐伴奏。广场舞在中国大陆无论南北皆十分普遍。对于广场舞的确切认识，社会学界及体育界目前均未达成共识。广场舞的高分贝音乐常常造成噪音滋扰，因此许多居民反对在小区中跳广场舞。 The square dancing is a bodybuilding exercise or dance performed in wide and open places such as squares and parks among the middle-aged and old residents in communities, with the purpose of bodybuilding, socializing and so on, generally accompanied with high-pitched music. The square dancing is very popular all over mainland China, whether in the north or in the south. Neither the sociological circle nor the sports circle has currently reached a consensus on the exact perception of the square dancing. The high-pitched music of the square dancing often causes noisy disruption, and therefore many residents are opposed to the square dancing in communities. 2.故宫，又称紫禁城，是明、清两代的皇宫，二十四位皇帝在此生活起居和处理政务。它是世界现存最大、最完整的木质结构的古建筑群(architectural complex)。宫殿墙壁的色调以红色和黄色为主,红色代表快乐、好运和财富，而黄色代表帝王的神圣和尊贵。近十几年来，故宫平均每年接待中外游客600-800万人次，随着旅游业的繁荣，游客人数有增无减，可见人们对故宫的兴趣长盛不衰。 The Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, was the palace in Ming and Qing Dynasties where 24 emperors lived and handled government affairs. It is the largest and most complete existing ancient wooden architectural complex in the world. The palace wall was painted mainly in red and yellow. Red represents happiness, luck and fortune while yellow symbolizes imperial holiness and dignity. In recent decades, the Imperial Palace is visited annually by six to eight million tourists at home and abroad. Moreover, with flourishing tourism industry, the number of tourists keeps increasing. It shows people’s everlasting and unfading interest in the Imperial Palace. 3.《新闻联播》是中国中央电视台（CCTV）每日播出的一个新闻节目。节目每次播出时长一般为30分钟。它被中国大陆大多数地方频道同时转播，这使得它成为世界上收看人数最多的节目之一。自从1978年1月1日首次播出以来，它就以客观、生动、丰富的纪实手段记录着中华大地每一天的变化。作为中国官方新闻资讯类节目，《新闻联播》以沉稳、庄重的风格著称。 Xinwen Lianbo is a news program broadcast by China Central Television (CCTV) every day. It generally takes 30 minutes every time to broadcast the program. It is relayed simultaneously by most local television channels in the mainland of China, which makes it one of the world’s most-watched programs. Since it was first broadcast on January 1st, 1978, it has been recording the changes of every day throughout China by documentary means that is objective, vivid and rich. As the Chinese official news information program, Xinwen Lianbo is well-known for its
汉英翻译练习 20段
1过年 在从前的农业社会里，中国人最重要的节日就是过年。对过去的一年来说，这是结束；对未来的一年来说，这是开始。一进入腊月，街头巷尾就充满了过年的气氛，这种气氛要持续一个半月之久。大家不仅借着各种游乐节目来调剂一年来的辛劳，同时也在游乐中流露着一种乐观进取的精神。过年时，每家门上都贴上了春联，耀眼的红纸增加了人们的喜气，优美的字句提供了勉励。 Spring Festival In China’s formerly agricultural society, Spring Festival was the most important holiday. It was the end of the previous year and the beginning of the next. When the twelfth month of the lunar year began, the happiness of new-year celebration pervaded the streets for a month and a half. People sought relief from the previous year’s scrolls were put on the doors of every family in Spring Festival: the shiny red scrolls increasing happiness and the rhythmic words giving encouragement. 2亚欧合作 中国有句古话：“相知无远近，万里尚为邻”。中国与亚洲各国山水相连，共同铸就了灿烂的亚洲文明；古老而美丽的“丝绸之路”，谱写了中欧千年往来的美好篇章。中国与亚欧各国的互利合作正在步入下一个全新的阶段。中国将致力于同亚欧各国发展富有活力和长期稳定的全面合作关系，与亚欧各国相互支持，携手前进，共创美好未来。 Euro-Asian Cooperation In China, there is an old saying, “Long distances never separate close friends.” Linked and intertwined by mountains and rivers, China and other Asian countries have helped to build a splendid Asian civilization. The ancient Silk Road recorded great chapters in the history of exchange between China and Europe in previous millennia. Now, China and other Asian countries as well as European countries have marched into a brand-new ear of cooperation and mutual benefit. China will devote itself to building dynamic, stable, and long-term cooperation in various fields across Asia and Europe and marching forward, with other countries on the two continents, in a concerted effort to attain a brighter future. 3四合院 中国旧时家庭重视家庭成员间的长幼有序和伦理观念，其住宅为了适应这种需要建成了四合院。在高高的基地上，中间是正房，两边是厢房。房屋的分配按辈分的大小来决定，长辈住正房，晚辈住厢房。富贵人家的房屋也是四合院，只是院落较多而已。宫廷和寺庙，院落更大，一道一道地进去，更使人有种庄严高贵的感觉。随着时代的演变，现在中国都市里的房屋很多已经西化了，虽然住进了一排排的公寓，但是他们生活的方式仍然保持着过去的优良传统。 Quadrangle Courtyard Quadrangle courtyards were designed by the Chinese to meet the needs both of
汉译英答案3
汉英语篇翻译练习答案： 1．Retirement Attitudes toward retirement vary from person to person. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement, but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives. Tired out after all exhaus ting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved. As there is no more need to rush to catch a morning bus and no more anxiety about promotion, they now have enough time to fulfill an old dream, such as writing, painting, growing flowers and traveling around. On the whole, female workers tend to have a more favorable attitude towards retirement than male workers. Withdrawal from employment to complete domesticity is a far less threatening experience for a woman than for a man. 2. Good-bye, My Ill-fated Motherland! The moment I set foot on the deck of the ship, there began my temporary separation from Chinese oil and a feeling of parting sorrow welled up in my heart. At sailing time, I stood on deck watching the ship receding slowly from the bank until I was out of sight of the towering waterfront buildings and the foreign warships on the Huangpu River. Thereupon I turned round with hot tears in my eyes, murmuri ng, “Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland!” Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! I own what I am to the upbringing you have given me during the past 22 years. I have spent every day of my life in your warm bosom and under your loving care. Y ou have given me joy and sorrow as well as food and clothing. This is where my close relatives were born and brought up and where I have friends here and there. Y ou gave me a wide variety of happiness in my early childhood, but you have also been the source of my sorrow ever since I began to understand things. Here I have witnessed all sorts of human tragedy. Here I have come to know the times we live in. Here I have undergone untold sufferings. I have been struggling, fighting and, time and again, found myself on the brink of destruction and covered all over with cuts and bruises. I have laid to rest, with tears and sighs, some of my close relatives—relatives victimized by old feudal ethnics. Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories! O the grand Y ellow River! O the mysterious Y angtze River! Where on earth are your glories of the past? O my native land! O my people! How can I have the heart to leave you! Good-bye, my ill-fated motherland! Much as I hate you, I’ve got to love you as ever. （选自《英语世界》2004年第三期，张培基译）
英语六级汉译英专项练习答案及解析
三、汉译英专项练习答案及解析 一、倍数增减的表示法 1)is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数+ 形容词/副词比较级+ than） 2)reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数+ as + 形容词/副词+ as） 3)is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数+ 名词） 4)wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词+ by + 数词/百分比/倍数） 5)plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词） 二、时态 1)or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） 2)the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） 3)my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4)have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5)No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6)He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态 1)is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2)will have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） 3)can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） 4)I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2） 5)Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态） 四、情态动词 1)but there is no answer. She can’t be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”）
精编新CET6段落翻译(汉译英)练习及答案
精编新CET6段落翻译（汉译英）练习题 每日一练，快速提高英语水平！ 第1篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 污染已成为问题，因为在当今人口越来越多，社会越来越工业化的世界上，人类正在污染他们居住的环境。许多科学家认为人类最大的错误是把发展和进步等同起来。现在人们以怀疑的态度看待“发展性”的产业，因为它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏各种生命之间的关系。人口的增长导致对世界上有限的空气、水和土地的需求不断增长。伴随着人口增长的是越来越多的人渴望更高的生活水平。于是对电、水和商品的更大需求必然造成有更多的废物要处理。这个问题已经引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有尽快地解决这一问题，却只顾谋求私利，以致于到了无可挽救的地步以后才充分认识到这种兵贵神速。 第2篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 人们对智力所指的有那些不同表现看法比较一致，而对这些表现如何进行解释和分类，意见就不那么一致了。但人们一般认为智力高的人在处理问题时能抓住要点，善于区分，能进行逻辑推理，和利用语言和数学符号。智力测试只能很粗地衡量孩子的学习能力，尤其是学习学校要求的东西的能力。智力测试并不能衡量一个人的个性，社会适应力，耐力性，劳动技能，或艺术才能。人们不认为能做到这些，当初也不是为这些目的设计的。批评智力测试不能做到这一些，就如同批评温度计不能测风速一样。既然对智力的评估是相对而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对像进行比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公正的”比较。 第3篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 目前全国有39所大学开设地理学位课程，但我从未看到广告上有招聘地理专业的大学毕业生的好工作。或是不是只有我一个人怀疑他们将回到学校教另一批学生的地理，而这些学生将来又去教更多的学生的地理？现在只有10所大学开设航天工程学位课程，考虑到飞机制造业一直在裁员的速度，还是这样做好。另一方面，由于缺少医生，全国的医院急诊室不得不纷纷关门。为什么？因为大学的医学院只能为申请攻读学位的一半人提供名额。对我说，来，时机已经成熟，就业部和教育部应当和名大学携手起来，改革我们的教育制度，使之更珍惜地使用学校的人才资源，学生的刻苦勤奋精神。而现在这些人才和努力都浪费在无人感兴趣的文凭和学位上。 第4篇 练习时间：年月日耗时：分 在竞争的法则下，上万人的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的节约措施，其中节约给工人报酬的那部分占很大一部分。社会为这个法则付出的代价如同为低廉的舒适条件和奢侈品付出的代价一样是巨大的。但带来的好处超过了代价，因为正是这个法则，我们才有了了不起的物质进步，其结果是生活水平的提高。但是，不管这个法则是好是坏，我们无法回避，对任何建议替代它的新东西，其作用我们是不敢肯定的，虽然这个法则有时对个人来说可能很残
新视野大学英语读写教程2汉译英翻译题及答案
1. 她连水都不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。(much less) 2. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。(whereas) 3. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？(account for) 4. 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。(due to) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 5. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。(result in) 6. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。(pour into) Unit2 1. 尽管她是家里的独生女，她父母也从不溺爱她。(despite) 2. 迈克没来参加昨晚的聚会，也没给我打电话作任何解释。(nor) 3. 坐在他旁边的那个人确实发表过一些小说，但决不是什么大作家。(next to; by no means) 4. 他对足球不感兴趣，也从不关心谁输谁赢。(be indifferent to) 5. 经理需要一个可以信赖的助手，在他外出时，由助手负责处理问题。(count on) 6. 这是他第一次当着那么多观众演讲。(in the presence of sb.) Unit3 1. 你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。(never too... to...) 2. 还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领那里的研究工作。(Use an appositional structure) 3. 由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。(meet with) 4. 虽然他历经沉浮，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。(ups and downs; all along) 5. 我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。(have reservations about) 6. 她长得并不特别高，但是她身材瘦，给人一种个子高的错觉。(give an illusion of) Unit4 1. 有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(Use "it" as the formal subject) 2. 不管黑猫白猫，能抓住老鼠就是好猫。(as long as) 3. 你必须明天上午十点之前把那笔钱还给我。(without fail) 4. 请允许我参加这个项目，我对这个项目非常感兴趣。(more than + adjective) 5. 人人都知道他比较特殊：他来去随意。(be free to do sth.) 6. 看她脸上不悦的神色，我觉得她似乎有什么话想跟我说。(feel as though) Unit5 1. 他说话很自信，给我留下了很深的印象。(Use "which" to refer back to an idea or situation) 2. 我父亲太爱忘事，总是在找钥匙。(Use "so... that..." to emphasize the degree of something) 3. 我十分感激你给我的帮助。(be grateful for) 4. 光线不足，加上地面潮湿，使得驾驶十分困难。(coupled with) 5. 由于缺乏资金，他们不得不取消了创业计划。(starve of) 6. 每当有了麻烦，他们总是依靠我们。(lean on) Unit6 1. 就像机器需要经常运转一样，身体也需要经常锻炼。(as... so...) 2. 在美国学习时，他学会了弹钢琴。(while + V-ing) 3. 令我们失望的是，他拒绝了我们的邀请。(turn down) 4. 真实情况是，不管是好是坏，随着新科技的进步，世界发生了变化。(for better or worse) 5. 我班里的大多数女生在被要求回答问题时都似乎感到不自在。(ill at ease) 6. 当地政府负责运动会的安全。(take charge of)Unit7
句子翻译练习(汉译英)
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
段落翻译练习-汉译英答案
汉译英： 1徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全 国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书 本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全 靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多 奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名 山，反复观察变换的奇景。 Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights. ( During his life time, Xu Xiake visited and explored 16 provinces, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. He never blindly accepted the conclusions given in books in his exploration. He found that many of the geographical records by other people before him were inaccurate ( He found many inaccuracies in the travel notes on geography written by his predecessors ) . He seldom traveled by horse cart or boat but climbed mountains and ridges and took long, difficult journeys most of the time