2月作文机经(2月11日 更新至第16题)

二月作文机经

更新日志

2月3日更新至第6题

2月5日补充第4题疑似原文2月6日更新至第7题

2月11日更新至16题

目录

1.公司研究方从mining technology到renewable energy (6)

2.在办公室上班比在家上班赚得多 (7)

3.投资服装公司股票 (9)

4. grocery store 增加其他的部门和service来提高销量 (9)

5.买房好过买股票 (11)

6.投资Palm Grove的房子，而不是Sandida Heights的房子 (12)

7. outsourcing改为manufacturing来increase profits (13)

8. 摩托车公司广告 (14)

9. HR为利润下降负责 (15)

10. 用临时工代替正式工 (16)

11摩托车公司的生产线 (18)

12老员工带新员工 (19)

13 motel服务收费 (21)

14 Factory drill bits (22)

15．举办比赛刺激经济【原始】 (23)

16 Hot Cup Coffee 的feedback (24)

1.公司研究方从mining technology到renewable energy

Blastcom Corporation的一封给stockholders的newsletter. 发现mining technology had a big drop last year. 作为能源公司, 它们打算要have scientists 把研究efforts全部转移到renewable energy technology research. 然后说其他研究新能源的公司近年盈利,所以他们打算转移研究方向.结尾是guarantee ; no decline关键字来说服stockholders 买stock.

【考古】

one corporation's profits and stocks prices fell in recent years, so advise to switch research efforts from mining technology to new renewable engergy technology, because the profits and stocks prices of the new renewable energy 一直稳定or 上升in recent years, so the switch will guarantee the success of the corporation in the future.

V1 由于全球对mining technology的需求降低，导致the declining of Blastcom corporation's profits and stock prices. So Blastcom 打算让其科学家把研究方向从mining technology switch到renewable energy technology，由于renewable industry is blooming and several other renewable energy companies have made a success, thus Blastcom will also be successful in this field and therefore keep its profits and stock prices safe from declining.

V2Due to the decline demand of the mining technology, all the related corporations are suffering form decline of profit and sales this year, including Blastcom Corporation. Blastcom Corporation is considering adopting one growth strategy: to shift some of the researchers from mining technology to the renewable energy technology, the demand for the renewable energy such as solar energy. Some of the prominent companies which market the renewable energy are successful in recent years. Therefore, it is guaranteed that company Blastcom will

also be successful in the future by providing renewable energy

结论：Blastcom Corporation说服stockholders 买他们的stock

论证过程：

因为mining technology had a big drop last year，所以他们要转移研究方向；因为其他研究新能源的公司近年盈利，所以他们打算要have scientists 把研究efforts全部转移到renewable energy technology research；因为他们转移到了renewable energy technology research，所以他们能够guarantee no decline；因为他们能够guarantee no decline，所以stockholders应该买他们的stock

攻击方向：

1.时地全等mining technology去年drop不代表今年就drop，今年很有可能increase；

2. 无因果关系：其他研究新能源的公司盈利不是因为他们的研究，可能是其他原因，比如前几年国家政策支持等等；

3.错误类比就算其他研究新能源的公司盈利是因为他们研究的好，也不代表Blastcom Corporation研究新能源就一定能guarantee no decline啊；

4.二者选一就算Blastcom Corporation转移研究方向能够guarantee no decline，也不代表stockholders一定要选他们，其他的公司还能够guarantee increase呢

2.在办公室上班比在家上班赚得多

一个专栏的作者认为有一个stable office job 的人不应该辞职在家里面做self- employed. 原因有三个1. 在家里工作难以集中精力（手机的干扰，邻居的干扰等。）2. 在家里面工作的话会容易因为没有schedule 而avoid working. 3. 在家工作的人会变得isolated，这样会失去很多advance career 的机会。结论是长期来讲在家工作的人会比office worker 赚得少。

【考古】

作文，比较简单，给的东西很全，就是结论是：sticking the office job can get a greater earning than the people work in the house, 给出了三个例证（顺序可能有差别哈）1.the self -employee will limit his advance than office job.2. work at home will set no

schedule and the people will avoid working.3.the people work in the house will be distracted by his neighber, phone call or the other things . 写起来比较容易，但是大家要注意，结论是，赚得多，get a greater earning。。。这个一定不能忽略了。。因为前面三个例证的问题太大，狗主写到最后，发现最大的GAP其实就是无关假设和无关因果啊。。。而且后面的因果关系更是重点。(by: 唐韵)

V1 It is financially unwise to work at home than work in an office. First, there are many distractions, such as phone call, noisy neighbors and house chores. Second, people tend to procrastinate and avoid working. Third, people are socially isolated, their opportunities for career development will be limited.

我就根据这三点逐个argue的，但觉得很牵强，都是硬扯的。。。瞎套七宗罪。。。大家好好想想思路吧，说不定还会遇到。。

V2 Generally speaking, it is financially unwise for people quit stable office job and start working from home. It is there are a lot of distractions when people working from home. People working from home tend to procrastinate because there is no discipline. Also, working from home makes people isolated. Therefore, it is financially more advantageous for people working in the office. It is unwise to quit a stable office job in order to be self-employed and work at home

V3 说在办公室工作比在家工作好。有三个论点：（1）在家工作的人会面对更多的abstraction，比如邻居电话家务等等。（2）在家工作的人更没有时间计划，更倾向与avoid work。（3）与社会和人群隔离，会对人的career advance有限制。整个argument 都没有举例和调查。

【参考思路】

1.false causal relationship: Working at home caused the distractions

2.gratuitous assumption：在家工作一定钱少？？？Income of people working at home would be adversely affected due to distractions at home上班工作，成本还高呢，还要坐车，还要吃饭，还要应酬，还要。。。

3 gratuitous assumption：在办公室上班一定会有career advancement ？？？造成career advancement 提升的因数有很多。比如自身的专业性啦，professional

4. 看问题太片面：在办公室上班也有他的缺点。比如工作环境不好啊，同事有时候也会造成扰。

一个投资公司的analyst写的东西，说一个服装公司一直引领年轻人时尚潮流，过去5年销售不断增长。他们以前一直在outlet卖衣服，现在计划开125所自己的品牌店。还有现在CEO是一个former rock star，还有几首很红的曲子。由于他们的成功，扩张性策略和明星效应，所以我们应该建议客户去投资他们公司的股票。

槽点挺多的，我都差点不够时间写。除了批判那三个论据，说一点可能大家没想到的，就是投资股票不仅仅看他家表现，还有很多因素。无论多好的公司，如果股票已经被高估了，那都是不值得投资的。另外不同投资者对回报和风险的要求不同，可能有些喜欢低风险的，有些喜欢高红利的，这都不适合投资这个公司。

Ps: 这道题的狗主是一个在换题第一天还能考750的NN,向狗主致敬。另外，狗主的观点挺独特的，可以参考借鉴。

攻击方向：

1.过去5年增长，不代表以后能继续保持增长；

2.开125家品牌店，需要很多的资金，还需要承担很大的风险，很有可能导致公司的失败；

3.ceo是一个成功的rock star，不代表就能成为一个成功的商人，客户也不一定买他的账；

4.狗主提到的观点；

author 说grocery store 在add pharmacy department 以后就sales increase by 20%, 所以认为要加其他的部门和service也可以增加grocery store的销量。

感觉这个狗有点残，应该还有其他的点，具体情况，大家到了考场上根据题目来具体分析吧。

攻击点：

无因果关系，grocery store的sales增长不是因为add pharmacy department，而是其

他原因，比如需求的增加，商家的promotion，减税等等；

错误类比，就算grocery store的sales增长是因为add pharmacy department，也不代表加其他的部门和service也可以增加grocery store的销量。

下面是Sunny男神提供的七宗罪上的一篇范文，跟这个很像，大家可以参考一下

Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores。

“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main co ncern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping. // 无因果联系，可能另有他因。

The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supply and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. // 时地全等

Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.”// 结论无据

5.买房好过买股票

人们应该投资房地产而不是stock market，因为房地产过去5年都翻了一番的涨而stock market不是，并且投资房地产人们可以享受使用它的乐趣而stock market则不行

【考古】

过去五年里咱们城市的房价在涨，同期的股票价格却在跌。快来买房吧，买房是你投资的最佳途径，通过买房你可以一边享受你的住房生活，一边又会享受房屋的增值，是多么好的投资渠道啊。大概就是这个意思了~~~

V1 There is a steady decline of stock market in recent five years, so experts suggest that people should invest their money on the housing market rather than the stock market. The housing can bring benefit for investors because the better performance of the housing market, besides, the house can bring the investors more tangible benefit because people who own those houses can live in it.

V2 （感谢wanyanruiyun确认为原题!）Now is the perfect time to buy a house in our city. Over the past five years, average home prices in our region have nearly doubled. But average stock prices in the national stock market have actually declined over the same period. So homeowners have seen an increase in value for their housing investment during the last five years that far exceeds what they could have made by investing in the stock market. Our city’s residents can surely achieve a similar profit over the nest five years. Furthermore, if residents invest in a home, they can enjoy the use of the home while its value increases, whereas money invested in stocks would not contribute to their quality of life in the same way that owning a home would. Therefore, all the residents of our city should invest their money in a home

Ps:看到这道题，我就想到了从08年到13年的中国楼市和股市啊，估计老美就是针对咱们中国吧。楼市猛涨，而股市是股民心中永远的痛啊！！！

结论：人们应该投资房地产而不是stock market

攻击点：

时地全等房地产过去5年都翻了一番不代表未来五年也能翻一番，股市过去五年没涨，不代表未来五年不涨；

很多投资房地产人都是把房子出租而不是自住，根本享受不到使用它们的乐趣；

虽然投资股票无法享受使用的乐趣，但是可以享受其他的乐趣（比如玩的就是心跳、肉牛满面等等）；

二者选一还有比投资房地产和股市更好的投资，谁规定就必须投资这两者中一者呢？

The following appeared in a letter from a part-owner of a small retail clothing chain to her business partner:

“Commercial real estate prices have been rising steadily in the Sandida Heights neighborhood for several years, while the prices in the adjacent neighborhood of Palm Grove have remained the same. It seems obvious, then, that a retail space in Sandida Heights must now be much more expensive than a similar space in Palm Grove, which was not the case several years ago. So, it appears that retail spaces in Sandida Heights are now overpriced relative to those in Palm Grove. Therefore, it would be in our financial interest to purchase a retail space in Palm Grove rather than in Sand ida Heights.”

【考古】

最近几年K城的商业房地产价格持续上涨，而G城则一直稳定。因此可以推断，K城的房地产价格远高于G城。K城的的房地产overpriced。因此，投资G城的房地产可以带来很好的收益。’

V1 作文是说有两个地方的房产，一个在最近几年稳定增长，另一个基本不变。然后想买个商铺，觉得那个房价一直增长的地方房价肯定高，所以就选择那个房价维稳的地方买一个retail space。

V2G地方和PALM地方是邻居，但是这两个城市的房产费不同，近几年来，G地方的商业楼的价格持稳定上升状态，而PALM 的价格却保持平稳状态，所以，G地方的商业楼房价一定比PALM高。投资G 是正确的。

V3 (疑似原题!)The following appeared in a letter from a part-owner of a small retail clothing chain to her business partner:

“Commercial real estate prices have been rising steadily in the Sandida Heights neighborhood for several years, while the prices in the adjacent neighborhood of Palm Grove have remained the same. It seems obvious, then, that a retail space in Sandida Heights must now be much more expensive than a similar space in Palm Grove, which was not the case several years ago. So, it appears that retail spaces in Sandida Heights are now overpriced relative to those in Palm Grove. Therefore, it would be in our financial interest to purchase a retail space in Palm Grove rather than in Sandida Heights.”

结论：应该买Palm Grove的房子，而不是Sandida Heights的房子。

论证过程：因为S的房子这几年一直在涨价，而P的房子价格稳定，所以S的房子的价格比P的高；因为S的房子的价格比P的高，所以S 的房价和p的房价相比被高估了;因为S 的房价被高估了，所以应该投资P而不是S;

攻击点：

1.因为S的房子原价比较低，而P的房子原价比较高，所以.虽然S的房子一直在涨价，但是还是比P便宜；

2.就算S的房子比P 的房子价格高，但是S是繁华的大都市（北上广），P只是个鸟不拉屎的小山村，S的房价比P高完全合理，不存在任何高估，甚至S的房价还是被低估了；

3.就算S的房价被高估了，但是人们买房子考虑的因素很多，不仅仅是价格，S的房子相对P有很多其他优点，所以很多人宁愿买S的房子。

Glance Inc.的公司这两年一直没有赚钱，所以他们的CEO提出说要把outsourcing eyeglass frames 改成自己来manufacturing，因为outsourcing要35美金每个，而自己manufacturing就只要25美金每个，所以他觉得如果改成manufacturing的话，公司的profit就会增长next few years. 大概就是这样了，可能有一两句话没记全...

这道狗有点残，待后续考古。

【攻击点】

1.虽然outsourcing要35美金每个，而自己manufacturing就只要25美金每个，但是

outsourcing有很多优点是自己manufacturing不具备的，所以如果自己manufacturing，实际每件的花费比outsourcing更高；

2.就算自己manufacturing比outsourcing要便宜，也不代表利润就能增长；

一个摩托车公司不打算继续在online social networking上面做广告了。他们打算在radio 和television上面做广告。因为根据一个survey of such website只有70%的网站用户不会去点击那个小广告从而sell specific product。而且摩托车公司还说他们之前有一年就在radio和television上做过广告，并且效果很不错呢（说是提高了15%还是25%的sale).所以author就觉得不用在social networking上做广告，在radio和televison上打广告就OK了！

【攻击点】

可疑调查，一个survey of such website只有70%的网站用户不会去点击那个小广告从而sell specific product，这个survey的调查结果是否准确；

无因果关系，70%的网站用户不会去点击那个小广告从而sell specific product不代表广告没有效果，很可能那30%点击广告的人都是潜在客户，并且绝大多数点击广告的人都会买他们的产品；

时地全等，之前有一年就在radio和television上做过广告并且效果很不错不代表现在在radio和television上做广告效果也不错，很可能现在做广告根本没人关注；

无因果关系，之前那一年提高了15%还是25%的sale根本不是在radio和television上做过广告造成的，而是其他原因，比如那一年油价便宜，导致很多人买车；

【原始】

某家公司8年前利润上升的同时增加了很多新人. 于是该公司的CEO认为是因为公司招了对的新人(with the right level of skill and motivation), 所以利润才会上升. 但是最近公司的利润下降了, 而且最近新招的员工的技能不符合给他们的工资水平, 所以CEO认为是没有招到合适的新员工才导致利润下降, 利润下降全是人事部的失败.

【考古】（原题!）

The following appeared in a memorandum from the CEO of a consumer electronics manufacturing firm to the head of the company's human resources department, who is responsible for hiring new employees:

“Eight years ago, our firm’s profits were increasing with each new employee we added. We discovered that each employee had the skills and motivation to generate more revenue for the firm than his or her salary cost us. However, for the past two years, our profit margin has been falling, even though we have continued to add employees. Thus, our new employees are not generating enough revenue to justify their salaries. We must not be hiring new employees with the same level of skills and motivation as those we used to attract. Clearly, then, failures in the human resources department account for our falling profits.”

【参考思路】

1. Gratuitous Assumption: 无根据假设：A 不导致B -unjustified salaries不一定导致employee 创造的revenue下降，下降也可能是由于职工所在部门的部门经理的管理能力不足。human resources department有失职不一定导致unjustified salaries，工资数额不是HR一个部门可以决定的。财务部门和CEO都有参与。

2. 充分必要条件: 其他因素也能导致falling profits下降，比如产品已经过时，市场发生变化等。

3. 时地全等all things are equal：过去经验现在不一定适用，八年前的历史数据不能用来评价目前的状况。

【原始】

一家叫Jetsam的software公司连续几年都没有profit，要cut the cost，题目里说要学一些auto company，把full-time employees switch 成temporary labor，因为temporary的员工往往工资更低和不需要提供给他们employee benefits。题目建议把Jetsam 25%的员工立刻变成临时工。

【考古】

一个software design company 利润不好，砖家建议replace permanent employees with temporary labors.理由是auto industry就是通过这么干然后significantly increase profits.所以显然这个software design company也可以这么干。

V1 一个X design公司连续make no profit3年然后决定做一个budget report 内容是模仿一个auto ...公司把员工换成临时工因为他们工资少没有员工福利

V2 某软件公司出了个report，说近3年没有盈利，所以建议cut budget，参考auto industry的经验（把full-time employees换成part-time employees，成功的削减了成本）。因此该公司决定也这么干。

我的回答包括：

（1）gratuitous assumption. 文中plan的前提是默认成本过高造成不盈利，但是没有说，因此很可能是因为别的原因导致不盈利。

（2）false analogy. sofrware industry和auto industry 的difference多于similarity，所以那她们来比较是不合适的。

（3）Causal relationship不对，虽然把full-time employees换成part-time的会节约成本，但是可能会造成experienced workers流失，还有造成moral不高，因此不严谨。(感谢狗主提供思路)

V3 一个软件设计公司要提高利润降低成本，提出要借鉴一些在汽车行业成功的公司的经验，聘请临时工代替全职工。因为临时工更便宜而且工作的同样好。然后这个软件公司声称如果switch 20%这个公司的labor force为临时工，这个公司的运营成本会大大降低，从而收益变多，这个公司will be benefited both in the short term and in the long term.

V4 某人呼吁某software company 用auto industry 的strategy，因为auto industry 把permanent 员工换成了temporary 员工，所以profit增加了。Software company

也可以这样，因为temporary员工工资低。预计如果software company采用这种方法，短期利润会增高，长期会取得stability

【参考思路】

1. 无端假设：A 不导致B。temporary worker 的工资低不一定会降低成本：临时工工资虽低，但对工作不够认真效率会低下，同样的工作可能需要雇更多的人，成本反而会增加。临时工不一定会带来long-term 的stability，工资低人员流动大，长期来看反而会不稳定。

2. 另有他因：降低工资不是降低成本的唯一条件。降低成本的方式有很多，比如强化管理，流程再造，号召节约，绩效激励等，不一定非要采用临时工。

3. 错误类比：Software company与auto industry不同，在汽车业上成功的经验不一定适用于软件业。

【原始】

一家motorcycle公司有两个产品生产线，luxury和standard，luxury的生产线是手工的而standard是robotic，luxury生产比standard贵而且还很耗时，公司说要停止生产luxury来提高生产效率，从而提高公司利润。

【考古】

V1 摩托车公司，有两条生产线，一条luxury 手工生产摩托车，一条机器人自动化生产，因为luxury摩托车零部件贵，所以author建议把第一条生产线拿掉，也换成机器人自动化生产的。

V2 某厂经理决定streaming他家的生产线来提高利润。该厂有luxury摩托车和standard 摩托车各一条生产线production line，共2条。luxury摩托车的生产线产量特别少，因为luxury摩托车的部分生产需要由手工完成，而相比较standard摩托车的生产线是自动化批量生产，生产数量居多。该经理认为，如果将luxury摩托车的生产线转换为第二条standard摩托车的生产线，厂子“生产”的摩托车数量就会激增，因此“利润”也会增加。

V3是说motorcycle的厂商准备将他的luxury的产品线裁掉，因为是hand making的，没有standard motorcycle用的robot的production line efficiently，因此裁掉luxury 的，搞standard的会给公司创造更多的利润

【参考思路】

1. Gratuitous Assumption——无根据假设：A 不导致B

○1生产数量少不代表利润少，薄利多销的利润不一定比高价少销的利润多

○2不能保证都换成standard line以后生产的摩托车数量会“激增”

2. 单因果错误Casual-relationship——有他因

○1除了提高产量能带来更多利润外，还应考虑品牌效应，一个品牌拥有其自己的奢侈品，或是质量极高的产品可以彰显地位，提高品牌知名度，也可以带来更多的利润；

○2考虑供过于求的情况

○3另外使用手工而不用robot可以增加就业，有利于提升当地政府对企业的好感，获得更多的商业机会~

【原始】

顾问：新员工培训费时费钱，建议轮胎生产公司的CEO采取玩具公司的做法，即让新员工做高级员工的学徒，观察他们的工作习惯和活动来达到培训的目的，这样就能省时省钱

【考古】

V1培训新人是一项花费很大的工作，于是a公司提出一个计划就是让senior培训新人然后相对的给他们涨一点工资，b企业觉得这个方法很好，就建议CEO采用。——by赵镜子

V2 a human resource director in a tire manufacturing company: The cost of training the new employee plays an important role in the overall expense of a company. 象the Fun Toys Company 发起一个Apprentice Training Program. 他们给senior employee发salary bonus 如果他们自愿参加这个项目。在这个项目中new employee can learn business patterns from the senior employee这样来降低新员工的培训成本。so no more expensive and cost programs are needed. 所以我们公司也应该象FUN Toys Company 一样用这中项目降低新员工培训的成本

V3Fun Toy Company采取了一个职工培训计划program，让senior employees volunteer to take an new employees as their apprentice, 这样的话，new employees 就可以follow the pattern sets by the senior employees. 用这种方法，可以减少培训成本，也不会time-consuming。因此，我们公司也应该仿效该公司，采取同样的方法来培训员工。写的错误是：false analogy& gratuitous assumption

V4Fun Toy Company采取了一个职工培训计划program，让senior employees volunteer to take an new employees as their apprentice, 这样的话，new employees 就可以follow the pattern sets by the senior employees. 用这种方法，可以减少培训成本，也不会time-consuming。因此，我们公司也应该仿效该公司，采取同样的方法来培训员工

【参考思路】

1. 错误类比：错误类比了tire manufacturing company 和Fun Toys Company，两个公司的具体工作模式不一样，所以培训方法也各异。

2. 另有他因: 减少培训费用不是减少总体成本的唯一条件。提高生产力等等因素都能减少总成本。

3. 无端假设: New employee follow the pattern sets by the senior employees不一定会learn business patterns from the senior employee。因为在培训新人的过程, 新员工可能会学到senior employee的一些不好的习惯。

考试作文参考题目

走进网络，拥抱自然，关注特点，研究课题，参加竞赛，服务社会，善待他人，学做家务……生活处处是课堂，这些多姿多彩的课堂能开阔视野，增长才干；能锻炼体魄，磨练意志，能使心灵得到净化，智能得到开发…… 请以“这也是课堂”为题，写一篇文章。 2003淄博市中考语文初中作文题 根据下列一首歌的歌词提示，按要求初中作文。 我心中有一个太阳，我心中有一个月亮。 我眼前有一片红花绿草，我听到小鸽子的歌唱。 总有温暖的手牵着我，总有温柔的话送耳旁。 总有一个声音为我带路，总有一个呼唤飘在我心上。 我在爱的人间长大，长大的还有我的坚强。 只要我心中有个太阳，心灵就不会黯淡无光。 要求：请以：“心中的太阳”为话题，结合社会生活，学校生活，家庭生活等，写一篇文章，立意自定，题目自拟，文体自选。不少于600字。 2003年广州市中考语文初中作文题： 阅读下面材料，根据要求初中作文。

传说中有一种很小的鸟，可以跨越大洋，能够连续飞行几万里。它需要的只是一小截树枝，它把树枝衔在嘴里。累了就把那截树枝扔到水面上，然后飞落在树枝上休息一会儿，饿了它就站在那鞭树枝上捕鱼，困了它就站在那截树枝上睡觉。 小鸟的智慧让我们敬佩，小鸟的简单令我们羡慕，小鸟的勇气使我们惊叹。请以“智慧简单勇气”为话题，自拟题目，写一篇600字以上的文章，文体不限。文中不能出现考生姓名和所在学校的名称。 提示：考生可以从“智慧简单勇气”中任选其中一个为话题写作，也可以任选其中两个话题写作，还可以三个全写。 2002年宁波市中考初中作文话题“母爱” 2003年浙江绍兴中考初中作文题目 《人生储蓄罐》 2003成都：以“交往”为话题写一篇不少于500字的文章。 2003苏州初中作文题目为命题初中作文《牵挂》 初中作文题型是命题初中作文，题目为《牵挂》，要求学生写一篇体裁不限，字数为500左右的文章。

托福独立写作机经范文5篇

As the economy and technology develop at an incredible speed in today’s society, there are an increasing number of people believing that the most important problems affecting our society today could be solved within our lifetime. In my view, however, this is out of the question and the three most significant problems affecting the society, namely war, environmental destruction and disease, will still influence us and may not be entirely resolved forever. War is a problem afflicting humans since they took into being in the first place. Wars take place when different countries have conflicting benefits, which is unlikely to be eliminated as long as the boundaries between countries still exist. For instance, in the Middle East where water is extremely scarce, many countries are in conflict in contention for water resources. Since every country acts for the sake of its own benefit, it seems that people in the region are incapable of living together in harmony. Eternal world peace, therefore, is unlikely to be achieved in our lifetime. Environmental destruction emerged not long before but it is becoming increasingly severe and can not be ignored. With the large-scale utilization of fossil fuels and rapid development of industry, huge amounts of pollutants are being produced, contaminating the environment to a large degree. The disposal of these pollutants being a tough task, it is hardly possible that we can completely get rid of them within a short period of time. Furthermore, even if we can come up with optimal methods for dealing with these substances, there remains the problem that these methods may cost too much and obstruct the development of economy. Last but not least, the well-being of people around the world is threatened by a variety of diseases, ranging from AIDS to cancer, the cures for which have not been discovered yet. Diseases set off panics among humans, affect their normal life and leave people badly off with the high medical expenses. There are thousands of scientists devoting themselves to finding cure for diseases, but new types of diseases keep emerging and there is no eliminating all of them. In summary, the problems with the most significance today are going to be passed on to our offspring. To eliminate these problems thoroughly, there is still a long way to go.

雅思大作文常用词组

1.依靠：dependon=relyon 2.导致：leadto=cause=resultin 3.源于：resultfrom=stemfrom 4.使用：use=apply 5.利用：takeadvantageof=makeuseof 6.带来：bring=provide=offer=supply 7.努力做：makemosteffortsto=workhardto=striveto 8.花时间做：spendtime/money/energy/lifeonsth/doingsth 9.专注于：focuson=payattentionto=concentrateto 10.分心/打扰： distractsbfromsth=disturbsb/sth=interruptsb/sth=obsesssbwithsthdistraction=diver sion=disturbance 11.起到作用：servetodo=playarole in doing = have a function to do = make a contribution to (对……做出贡献) 12.目的是：attempt to do = have an intention to do/of = have a purpose to do/of = have an objective to do/of = aim at doing/sth 13.为了：in order to do = for the purpose of doing/sth = with the view of doing/sth 14.有利于：bring benefits to = be benefitial to = bring advantages to 15.有害于：bring harms to = damage sth = ruin sth = undermine sth = be harmful to/for = be detrimental to/for 16.威胁到：endanger sb/sth = risk sb/sth = threaten sb/sth = place sb/sth into the danger/risk/threat 17.影响：have (positive/negative) effects/influence/impacts on sth 18.强调：stress = emphasize 19.忽略：ignore = neglect = overlook 20.联系：connect to/with = communicate with = contact to/with = have an access to = associate with(和……相关) 21.处理：deal with = cope with = handle = tackle 22.避免/预防/远离：keep A from B = prevent A from B = A avoid B = A refrain from B = A be away from B

以考试为题目作文

考场上的战争 辽宁省建昌县汤神庙中学孙义慧（9.5） 考试的时间对于我，一般来说是很充足的。每次考试，我都能提前答完，然后再轻松地做一会儿小梦。可是，不知这次考试是怎么回事，时间像流水一样，很快。试卷上的题也不会几道，唉！ 这次由于考前我没有做好充足的战斗准备，被几道题给打败了，心里有些小不安。 “叮铃铃”，考试的铃声响了，监考的老师发了卷子。我看了看卷子，心里有点儿高兴，因为有老师讲过的题。我用我这如鹰爪般的小手，刷刷一个劲儿地写呀！突然，有一道芝麻大的小题把我给绊倒了，我怎么也想不出来。看着时间滴滴答答地走着，我用手挠了挠头，翻过一页，再一看题，唉，全都不会！老师都讲过，怎么全都忘了？此时，考场一片寂静，我在座位上冥思苦想，从大脑中翻腾着老师讲过的知识，可怎么也想不起来。 考试中，我成天用的笔也来凑热闹。它可是我最好的朋友，连它也背叛我！我一写，试卷上是无色的，这是怎么回事？这个朋友这个时候还跟我开玩笑？虽然卷面要整洁，但也不至于此啊？苍天啊，救救我吧！我又换了一只，还是无色！我的天啊，这是怎么了？我当时真是气急败坏，把笔重重地往桌子上一摔，“啪”的一声响，打破了考场的安静。一双双尖刀般的眼睛瞄向我，我索性趴在桌子上，闭眼。“怎么办？怎么办？”回过身，向后面的人借了一支笔，又开始答卷。 时间又来向我挑战。借来了笔，写着一个个应被判对号的答案，抬起头，看了看正在运行的时间，啊！还有二十分钟，我彻底地呆住了：卷子还有一面儿没有做，这下可完茄子了！我皱紧了眉头，脸急得通红，两手就像僵尸一样直直地放在桌子上，彻底绝望了！可绝望背后，还有一种力量在推动我答卷。我摒弃一切杂念，向时间发起了冲锋，仔细地思考，快速地写着……时间过得好快，致命的一声“枪响”，我躲过了，试卷全部答完。 “战争”结束了，我的心也平静了下来，可是我却失败了，而且败得很惨。虽然我把那些题都“征服”了，可是“征服”的方法是错的，注定我以失败告终。 我想对难题说：“这次我被你们打败了，下次，我要征服你们全部！哈哈哈！” 虽然考试的“战争”中有很多不幸，但我从中吸取了很多教训，这是我最大的收获。下次考试，带着我努力的成果与考试“和平共处”，在战争中，一定取胜！ 都是考试惹的祸 辽宁省建昌县汤神庙中学王影（9.5） 时间飞逝，期中考试的成绩单已经下发了，我的心再也平静不下来了。 越是不敢面对的事，它越是很快就到来了。 放学了，我一人走在路上，心想：我怎样回家和父母交待啊！走着走着我就到家了，平日里像一只活蹦乱跳的小兔子的我，现在却变得像被人泼了冷水一样。我低着头，走进屋子。 屋子里很平静，就连我家缸中的鱼也变得沉默了，不再欢快地摆动。我的心像煮沸了的水一样翻腾，忐忑不安，我在怕什么？ 这时，妈妈的一句话打破了此时的气氛，妈妈平静地说：“考得怎么样？”我吱吱唔唔地说：“没——没考好。”我刚说完，家中就开始热闹了起来。爷爷拿了一个板凳坐在一旁，就像一个旁听者，不说一句话。爸爸坐一旁，就像一个法官，庄严无比。而我就像一个被告，妈妈则像一个原告，所有我的坏习惯，都成为了妈妈的当堂证词，把我打到谷底，不给我翻身的机会。妈妈严肃地说：“付出与回报成正比，每天到家抱着电视看！这要是考试都考这些，你兴许会答个一百分！就知道应付了事！”妈妈的话我无力反驳，因为我

托福写作 大作文机经题目汇总

1A/D: People who have different kinds of skills are more successful than those who have only one skill. 2A/D: In order to succeed, it’s better for a person to act the same as others rather than behave differently from others. 3A/D: It is important to make sure that others know about your strengths and accomplishments; if you are not so, you will be never successful in life. 4A/D: People who keep their room clean and tidy are more likely to be successful in the future. 5Is it easier to achieve success in the past or at present? 6A/D: People who move out of native village or town are more successful and happier than people who stay in their native village or town. 7A/D: It is more important for parents to set strict rules to their children if they want them to succeed in the future. 8A/D: For any business to be successful, it must spend more money on advertising. 9A/D: It is much easier for people to achieve success without their family members’ help now than in the past. 10A/D: People who cannot accept criticism will not succeed working in teams. 11A/D: The most important investment of a company is to improve the efficiency and proficiency of its employees. 12A/D: A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. 13A/D: In the past, people were easier to identify a career or job which can give them a secure and successful future. 14A/D: People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from their own work.

雅思写作常用连接词2

在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中，连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准，连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段（即连接词）来实现的。连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识，在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难，那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法，学连接词就简便得多。朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为，连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词，副词，介词和短语，它们各自的用法又不一样。 连词 如but, and,后接句子，连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无。当然连词也可放句首，这一点在考官范文里有很多体现。 例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. (并列句中的连词) 段落开始：But how should it be achieved ( 连词放句首) 介词 如before, despite：后接名词或动名词 例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment. 副词 副词连接并列句，前面用句号或分号，后面用逗号（当然，如果副词前用句号，那就是另起一句了，不称之为并列句） 例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age.( 副词另起一句) The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. ( 副词在并列句中) 短语 如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样 例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion. The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. ( 短语在并列句中) 掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后，连接词的教学和运用就容易展开。我们可以参看考官范文，看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词，使文章凸显出来。 因果关系 根据词性及用法可归结于: because / since/ as / for, so (连词), because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of (介词) for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly (短语和副词) 例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to）

新闻写作考试试题与答案

1．广义上新闻写作包括（新闻报道写作）和（新闻评论写作），狭义上新闻写作包括（新闻报道方面的各种体裁的写作）。 2．新闻写作的研究对象包括新闻报道作品以及这类作品的（写作原理）、（写作规律）、（写作技巧）以及相关知识。 3．新闻文体的功能有传递信息（娱乐大众）、（舆论引导），以及（传播知识）和（监督社会）。 4．新闻事业的功能有（传播新闻）、（引导舆论）、（服务社会）5．新闻写作的基本要求有（信息性）、（知识性）、（可读性）、（时效性）以及（针对性）等。 6．新闻报道的基本写作程序有（发现）、（采集）、（制作）以及（传播）四个阶段。 7．新闻语言要求新闻记者做到准确、（简洁）、（鲜明）、（生动）、要有（时代感），而（白描）是新闻语言的主要特征。 8．新闻导语的类型有（概述型导语）、（描述型导语）、（评述型导语）以及（橱窗式导语）四种类型。 9．新闻背景的两个层面有（宏观）以及（狭义）。 10．通讯选材要注意（材料的典型性）、（围绕主题选材）以及（选材忌重复）。 1．简要谈谈新闻写作有哪些重要性。 (1)新闻写作是新闻学研究的一个重要落脚点。 (2)新闻写作是新闻传播过程中一个重要环节。 (3)新闻写作是衡量记者素质的一个重要条件。

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