2013-2014美国文学史复习提纲
2013-2014（2）美国文学史期末复习提纲
I．Explain the following terms briefly.（20%）
1.Stream of consciousness
2.American Realism
3.Lost Generation
4.Symbolism
5.Local Colorism
6.American Puritanism
II．Multiple choices: Choose the best answer for each of the following.（50%）
1. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____.
2. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____.
3. Who has been called the “Father of American Literature”?
4. Who is the writer of Autobiograph?
5. Edgar Allan Poe is called as ____
6. American literature produced only one female poet during the 19th century. This was
_______.
7. In “ I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died”, ______describes the moment of death peacefully.
8. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the following
is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?
9. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of ___________.
10. Hester Pryne, Dimmesdale, Cillingworth, and Pearl are most likely the names of the
characters in
11. The three dominant figures in the period ofAmerican Realism are William Dean Howells,
Mark Twain and_________.
12. Which of the following is not right about Mark Twain's style of language?
A. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.
B. His sentence structures are formal, long and difficult to read.
C.His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced
exaggeration,repetition and anti-climax.
D.His style of language had great influence on the contemporarywriters.
13. Mark Twain created, in ____________, a masterpiece of American realism that is also one
of the great books of the world literature.
14. The pen name of Mark Twain is
15.____’s writings are characterized by simple, brief language, deep thoughts and complex
emotions.
16. Which of the following about Emily Dickinson is NOT right?
A. Dickinson thinks that nature is both benevolent and cruel.
B. Dickinson emphasizes free will and human responsibility.
C. Dickinson believes in science as a final and saving power.
D. Dickinson is original in her poetry.
17. In his poetry，Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poetic expression.
18. Hemingway's first true novel _________.casts light on a whole generation after the First
World War and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation.”
19. To Hemingway, man’s greatest achievement is to show ______.
20. In his novels, Hemingway dramatizes________ among the post-war generation who are
physically and psychologically scarred.
21. Which of the following can be said of the recurring themes of Ernest Hemingway’s
writings?
A. The evitability（可以避免）of world wars and their impacts in individuals.
B. The affinities between the idealistic and the materialistic, and the human effort to
reconcile the extremes.
C. Life’s tragedies and the courage required to face the m.
D. The coexistence of different races and the clashing of conflicting values.
22. As to Hemingway’s writing style, which of the following statements is right?
A. It is seldom polished and loosely controlled though seemingly simple and natural.
B. It’s colloquialism make his characters dull and b oring.
C. It’s simple and natural thus not very suggestive and connotativ e.
D. The use of short, simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of
clearness, terseness and great care.
23. Which of the following statements is right about Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms?
A. The author favored the idea of nature as an expression of either god’s design or his
beneficence.
B. The author emphasizes his belief that man is trapped both physically and mentally and
suggests that man is doomed to be entrapped.
C. It tells a story about the tragic love affair of a wounded American soldier with an
Italian nurse.
D. The author attempted to write the epitaph to a decade and to the whole generation in
the 1940s.
24. When Robert Frost was eighty-seven, he read his poet at inauguration of President
____________.
25. As a poet in the 20th century, Robert Frost________
A. rejected the conventional poetic principles and chose the revolutionary way.
B. rejected the romantic way choosing instead the revolutionary principles.
C. rejected the revolutionary principles choosing instead the romantic way.
D. rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries choosing instead
theold-fashioned way to be new.
26. ______ was considered to be “the father of American history” .
27. The Declaration of Independence was written by________.
28. From 1732 to 1758, Franklin wrote and published his famous __________, an
annual collection of proverbs.
29. _________ was the first American to achieve an international literary reputation
after Revolutionary war.
30.The Romantic Period in American literature stretches from the end of the 18th century to
the outbreak of _________.
31. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American
literature is NOT true?
A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the
imaginative and emotional qualities of literature.
B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of
emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters.
C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man.
D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason
and nationality.
32. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, “A” may stand for __________.
33.About the novel The Scarlet Letter, which of the following statements is NOT right?
A. It's very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.
B. It's a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.
C. It's mainly about the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the
main characters and the people in general.
D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.
34. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of the Enlightenment, ______ was the
dominant spirit.
35. The Romantic period of American literature started with the publication of Washington
Irving’s _____.
36. American literature produced only one female poet during the 19th century. This was
_______.
37. In “ I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died”, ______describes the moment of death
peacefully.
38. Emily Dickinson wrote many short poems on various aspects of life. Which of the
following is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression?
A. Religion and immortality
B. Life and death
C. Love and marriage
D. War and peace
39. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a master of ____________.
40. HsterPryme, Dimmesdale, Cillingworth, and Pearl are most likely the names of the
characters in
41. The three dominant figures in the period ofAmerican Realism are William Dean Howells,
Mark Twain and_________.
42. Which of the following is NOT right about Mark Twain's style of language?
A. His sentence structures are long, ungrammatical and difficult to read.
B. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect.
C.His humor is remarkable and characterized by puns, straight-faced
exaggeration,repetition and anti-climax.
D. His style of language had exerted rather deep influence on the contemporary
writers.
43. Mark Twain created, in ____________, a masterpiece of American realism that is
also one of the great books of the world literature.
44. The pen name of Mark Twain is
45.________’s writings are characterized by simple, brief language and deep
thoughts.
46. Which of the following about Emily Dickinson is NOT right?
A. Dickinson thinks that nature is both benevolent and cruel.
B. Dickinson emphasizes free will and human responsibility.
C. Dickinson believes in science as a final and saving power.
D. Dickinson is original in her poetry.
47. In his poetry，Robert Frost made the colloquial ______ speech into a poetic expression.
48. Hemingway's first true novel _________casts light on a whole generation after the First
World War and the effects of the war by way of a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation.”
49. To Hemingway, man’s greatest achievement is to show ______.
50. In his novels, Hemingway dramatizes________ among the post-war generation who are
physically and psychologically scarred.
III．Match the following writers with the works. （10%）
（）1. Washington Irving A.A Farewell to Arms
（）2. Mark Twain B.The Leatherstocking Tales
（）3. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Rip Van Winkle
（）4. James Fenimore Cooper D.The Gilded Age
（）5. Robert Frost E.The Scarlet Letter
（）6. Philip Freneau F. Nature
（）7. Ralph Waldo Emerson G.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up
in America
（）8. Walt Whitman H.The Wild Honeysuckle
（）9. Ernest Hemingway I. Leaves of Grass
（）10. Anne Bradstreet J.The Road Not Taken
（）11. Washington Irving A. The Snows of Kilimanjaro
（）12. Mark Twain B. The Leatherstocking Tales
（）13. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Rip Van Winkle
（）14. James Fenimore Cooper D. The Prince and the Pauper
（）15. Robert Frost E. The House of the Seven Gables
（）16. Philip Freneau F. A Narrow Fellow on the Grass
（）17. Emily Dickinson G. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up
in America
（）18. Benjamin Franklin H. The Wild Honeysuckle
（）19. Ernest Hemingway I. The Autobiography
（）20. Anne Bradstreet J. Stopping Woods at a Snowy evening
IV．Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.（5%）
1. Ernest Hemingway was among the nine American writers who have won the
Nobel Prize for Literature within about half of the 20th century from 1930 to
1980.
2. In 1620 a number of Puritans called as the Pilgrims came to settle in Plymouth.
3. Mayflower in American history is the name of a flower.
4. Having gathered the harvest in the first summer, the Puritans decided that a day
of thanksgiving be fixed to give thanks to the friendly Indians for their help and friendship.
7.American literature is among the oldest national literatures in the world.
8.Having gathered the harvest in the first summer, the Puritans decided that a day of
thanksgiving be fixed to give thanks to the friendly Indians for their help and friendship.
9.American literature is among the oldest national literatures in the world.
10.The Puritans were originally a group of people who separated from the Church of
England in the reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James I.
V．Answer the following questions briefly. （15%）
1.What are the attitudes of American Romanticism?
2.Emily Dickinson is now recognized not only as a great poetess on her own right but as a
poetess of considerable influence upon American poetry of the present century.What are the characteristics of her poems?
3.What are the features of Robert Frost’s writing style?
4.What are the historical, economic, political, and literary backgrounds of American
Romanticism?
5.What are the feature s of Ernest Hemingway’s writing style?
美国文学史期末参考复习资料
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学史复习提纲
I. Explain the following literary terms. 1. Romanticism The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual. Appeals to imagination; Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality. Subjectivity: in form and meaning. 2 American transcendentalism American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 1836-1860). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains. 3 Realism: ―nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.‖ the Civil war a. verisimilitude of details derived from observation b. representative in plot, setting and character c. an objective rather than an idealized view of human experience 4. Modernism like modernism in general is a trend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. The general term covers many political, cultural and artistic movements rooted in the changes in Western society at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century. II. Questions and Answers. Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. 1. What is local color？ an amalgam of romantic plots and realistic descriptions of things immediately observable: the dialects, customs, sights, and sounds of regional America‖ 2. What is American Puritanism 1). Total Depravity - the concept of Original Si 2). Unconditional Election - the concept of predestination 3). Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone. 4). Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. 5). Perseverance of the "saints" - those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God. 3. Analyze Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography. themes in autobiography: Self- Improvement Mind: Self-education Body: Physical Activity Behavior: Moral Perfection Religion: The best service to God is to be good to man Benjamin Franklin and aspects of The American Dream Rags to Riches: Impotence to Importance: A Philosophy of Individualism: Freewill vs. Determinism: Hope and Optimism:
美国文学史-知识点梳理
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
美国文学史及选读期末复习
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reason and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1