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中考英语听力试题命题特点及应试策略探究

中考英语听力试题命题特点及应试策略探究
中考英语听力试题命题特点及应试策略探究

中考英语听力试题命题特点及应试策略探究

[ 录入者:zhaotou | 时间:2012-04-24 16:21:12 | 作者:常搜资料坊 | 来源: |

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听是理解和获得口头信息的交际能力。听力理解的能力,是说、读、写的基础,也是提高学生英语综合应用能力的前提。综观近几年江苏省中考英语“人机对话”听力试题可知,中考英语听力试题分值20分,占整个卷面总分的1/7左右。因此,它的成败不但会影响考生听力试题本身的得分,而且还会影响考生在以后笔试应试时的信心。那么,怎样才能做好听力试题呢?笔者认为,了解听力试题命题特点,把握其应试技巧是关键。

一、中考英语听力试题命题特点

1.听力试题测试要点

中考英语听力测试以对话或独白为测试内容,在语言使用的场景中测试考生使用语音、词汇以及语法知识的能力,强调口头语的真实性。它着重考查考生对所听信息的整体理解能力,而不是单一地检测语音、语调的知识。无论是听对话,还是听独白,都需要有整体感,没有整体感,就不可能有正确的理解。听力测试的要点主要体现在以下几点:(1)理解主旨和要义;(2)获取事实性的具体信息,如时间、地点、人物等;(3)对说话的背景、说话者之间的关系等作出简单的推断;(4)理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。

2.听力试题话题和材料的选用

中考听力材料的选用非常重视语言真实性和交际性的原则,语言材料一般来源于实际生活,围绕一个日常生活的话题展开,涉及文化教育、传说、人物、科普、时事等。对话的内容大都取材于日常生活,即衣、食、住、行、工作、学习、天气、生活环境等话题,可分为校园、公共场所、家庭等方面,如:shopping, finding the way, doing one’s homework, seeing a doctor, making a phone c all, weather report, asking for different kinds of information等。

中考听力材料选材特点:(1)无论是对话,还是独白,其结构和内容都不复杂,难度远远低于阅读理解材料。(2)所选听力材料具有充分的情感成分,说话人的情绪随着话语进行的具体情况而变化。故考生应善于体会这些变化,并从中理解语篇的整体意义。

3.听力试题中常见词句的使用

中考听力试题中以口头交际用语为主,强调口头表达能力。具体表现在:(1)大量使用日常词汇,如have, do, take, give, make等,这些词汇具有很强的活力,可以和其他词构成众多的短语,用在不同的语境之中,如Give up! Take care! Have fun! 等。(2)大量使用习语等固定用语来表达某种感情,或引起对方注意,或改变话题。如Wonderful!(兴奋) Why not do...?(建议)By the way...(改变话题)等。(3)短句、自然句多,句子结构比较松散、随便。如It’s interesting. Do you like it?It’s a hard job.(4)在快速交谈中,语篇中缩略语使用较多。如there’s, he’s, I’ll, UK, ad, pop等。

二、中考英语听力试题答题技巧

1.怎样听对话?

对话包括第一部分十个简短的小对话(每听完一个对话,回答一个问题,每段对话读两遍)和第二部分成段的长对话(听完一段对话,回答两问题,对话读两遍)。听对话时,我们应注意以下几个方面。

1)听放录音前和听放录音之间,快速阅读选项和问题,以选项和问题透露的内容为线索,推断对话所涉及的话题。

2)注意从第二人的答话中获取重要信息。小对话的特点是一至两个来回极短的对话,设题时往往是根据答话人所说的内容而提问的。

3)有些题目涉及行动发生的时间、地点、价格或干什么、谁干什么等。解答这类题时,我们要尽量听清对话的细节、内容和提问。

例如:

How much will you spend if you buy two shirts?

A. 50 dollars

B. 100 dollars

C. 80 dollars

原文:

M: How much is the shirt?

W: It’s $50. But it will be cut down by 20% if you take a dozen.

答案选C。通过预阅问题可知,问的是买两件衬衫的价格。对话中涉及的数字较多,购买者要买12件(a dozen)才可能降价20%,有些考生由于没有听清后面的部分,而误选了C答案。错误原因主要是因为考生对有些数字如twice, 20%, dozen, double, half of等表达法掌握不到位,容易受它们的干扰。

4)注意对话中的“弦外之音”,即对话的一方并不直率地对对方所说的事情或提出的问题表明态度,而是间接地或含蓄地从侧面来表达自己的看法。这种题一定要多加思考,仔细地揣摩“话中话”。例如:

What does the woman mean?

A. The Spring has begun

B. They’re ready for the rain

C. It’s been raining

原文:

M: I think it’s going to rain.

W: Starting to rain?The ground is already wet.

从对话中得知,男方“认为天就要下雨了”,而女方并未直接回答,而是说了“……地面已潮湿了”。这就表明了女方并不同意男方的说法,但又没有直接用yes 或no来直接表明看法,而用了“The ground is already wet.”来含蓄地表明了“天已经下雨了”的看法。所以答案选C。

5)注意捕捉对话中的关键信息,进行分析。在成段的对话中,对话会出现多种信息,考生在录音时,可能会顾此失彼,糊里糊涂。因此考生解题时,要注意在第一遍听懂对话大意,知道了选项内容后,在听第二遍时,要有意识地针对与选项有关的内容来捕捉有关信息,经过迅速分析后,选出合理答案。

2.怎样听短文?

听短文,是听力测试中极其重要的部分。2012年江苏省“人机对话”听力测试新题型中将有两篇短文:听第一篇短文,根据短文内容,选择正确答案,完成信息记录表;听第二篇短文,回答五个问题。这类题型不同于上述的对话题型,它是由

说话人独自讲述的一段话,其内容往往是讲述某一件事。听对话时,我们应注意以下几点:

1)在听录音之前,考生应将所有题目和选项浏览一遍,以便对短文内容有个大致的了解,以便在听短文时有的放矢,有所侧重。

2)在听短文时,要注意捕捉每篇文章或每一段开头的一句话,因为他们往往是该篇或该段落的主题句,概括了文章的主要内容或对下文提出了重要提示。

3)密切注意短文中事件发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)和情节(plot)这些要素,因为短文后的问题通常会以what, when, where, which, who, why, whose, how等wh-疑问词开头。

4)要从整体上了解短文的中心内容,根据题目的要求把握主要情节或论点,做到边听边记,把回答问题的关键词语及内容记录下来,但记的前提是不影响听,可以用符号或自己看懂的方式记录。

5)注意试题的排列次序。这类题型常常是将小题按所对应的录音材料内容的顺序排列。当没有时间预先阅读选项或时间不宽裕时,考生可以边听录音边依次浏览选项,同时进行思考、答题,也可将先看后听和边看边听两个方法结合起来。

6)如果有听不懂的词语,可以从上下文推测其含义,或者记下该词的发音,等听完后再去判断它的词义。切忌听短文时,思维在某个词语上滞留,以致影响后面短文的理解,而造成一步跟不上,全部受影响的被动局面。

总之,听力的提高是一个循序渐进、日积月累的过程。在听力训练中,只要我们能制定目标,坚持不懈,进行系统的听力训练,打下扎实的基本功。同时,在答题时,能做到方法得当、冷静答题,就一定能取得较为满意的成绩。

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()5. How can the girl make a lot of friends A. By joining a club. B. By talking on QQ. C. By talking on phone. 第二节听长对话,回答问题。听下面2段较长对话,每段对话后面有2-3个小题,请从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项,并标在试卷相应的位置。每段对话读两遍。 听下面一段较长的对话,回答第6至7两小题。 ()6. Why does Tom look unhappy A. He lost his English book. B. He has a bad headache. C. He is worried about his English. ()7. What will Jessie do to help Tom A. Buy a new book for him. B. Take him to hospital. C. Help him with his English. 听下面一段较长的对话,回答第8至10三小题。 ()8. Where are the man and the woman probably talking A. In an office. B. On a bus. C. At a mall.

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C)Less than 30 minutes. D)More than 30 minutes. How is the woman going to Hong Kong? A)By plane. B)By train. C)By bus. D)By ship. What day is the girl talking to the boy? A)On Friday. B)On Saturday. C)On Sunday. D)On Monday. What does the girl ask the boy to do? A)To wear school suit. B)To wear old clothes. C)To plant trees. D)Both B and C.

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A. Both. B. Either. C. Neither. 10. What does Tom mean? A. Sorry, I’m using it now. B. Of course you can use my ruler. C. Sorry, you can’t because it’s broken. 三、听长对话,回答问题。 听第一段对话,回答11-12小题。 11. What book does the man want to borrow? A. A book on the science. B. A book on the Internet. C. A book on English. 12. How long can the man keep the book? A. A week. B. Two weeks. C. Three weeks. 听第二段对话,回答13-15小题。 13. What are they talking about? A. The sports meeting. B. The headmaster. C. Their favorite sport. 14. What will Susan take part in? A. The long jump. B. The 400-meter race. C. The 100-meter race. 15. Why doesn’t Bill want to take part in the competition? A. Because he doesn’t like sports. B. Because he feels too nervous. C. Because he has to look after the things for the players. 四、听长对话,完成下面信息记录表中16-20小题。 Beauty Furniture Store Name: 16._____________ Goods: Sofa Be made of: 17. ____________ Color: 18. ______________ Home phone number: 19. ____________ Time to fix: 20. ___________ Home address: Room 407, Block 8, Rose Garden Estate 16. A. Jane Brown. B. Jenny Brown. C. Jenny Green. 17. A. Cotton. B. Leather. C. Cloth. 18. A. Green. B. Brown. C. Black. 19. A. 88378515 B. 88003675 C. 88008515 20. A. 8:30 am. B. 9:00 am. C. 9:30 am.

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