市喇中初中英语阅读理解集练科普环保类

科普环保类

1、Famous Inventions and Their Inventors

X-rays were discovered in 1895 by a German professor, Wilhelm Roentgen. People all over the world were amazed by his invention, the X-ray machine. This invention was so important that Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, a doctor and speech teacher. The first phone call was made by Bell in 1876. He got acid(酸) on his pants by accident and wanted his partner, Thomas Watson, to help him. The first words spoken on the telephone were “Mr. Watson, come here! I need you!”

Television was invented in 1926 by John Logie Baird, a Scottish inventor. Baird’s television certainly didn't look like a television today! Electronic televisions like the ones we have today were invented by Vladimir Zworykin in the 1920s in the United States.

The first computer was built in 1946 by two American engineers, J. Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. It was developed for the army, and it was so large that it took up the whole room! Later, in 1971, the “microchip” was invented, and small home computers were first produced for personal use. Today computers are involved in almost everything we do and are found almost everywhere we go.

根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。

【小题1】X-rays were discovered by a Scottish inventor in 1901.

【小题2】Wilhelm Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize for Physics.

【小题3】The telephone was invented by a German professor.

【小题4】The first television and the ones we have today looked the same.

【小题5】Two American engineers built the first computer in 1946.

2、What do you see when you look at abstract (抽象) art? Does it make sense to you? Does it look like anything?

Abstract art became popular in the early 20th century. Artists did not want to paint, draw, or scul pt things like they looked. They didn’t want their art to be

realistic (现实的). They were more interested in basic shapes（基础的造型） and colours.

Picasso is probably the most famous of these artists. He painted and drew in many, many styles. Sometimes he use d a lot of blue colours (his “blue period”). Later, he used more red and pink colours (his “rose period”). Many of his other paintings are called “cubist (立体画派)” because they are made of painted squares.

After a long time, Picasso’s paintings became mo re and more abstract. He painted people and things using strange shapes. His work was so original, many his fellow artists didn’t understand it.

Kindinsky, another famous artist, used lines, shapes, and patterns to paint his subjects. His paintings also used strong colours to express feelings.

Other artists like the surrealists (超现实主义者), they were interested in the subconscious (潜意识). Painters like Breton and Magritte used many symbols (象征) in their work. The meaning or subject of their work wasn’t alwa ys clear. Dai, another artist, painted pictures that looked like dreams.

There are still many abstract artists around the world. It's often hard to say what their art is about. That’s the way many artists like better. They want each person to look at art and find their own meaning in it.

【小题1】Which would be most like abstract art?

A．a painting of a horse

B．a sculpture(雕塑) of a car

C．a drawing of two people in a coffee house.

D．A red and blue painting, with no clear subject.

【小题2】What happened to Picasso’s work after a long time?

A．It became more abstract.

B．It became less original.

C．He went from using red colours to using blue colours

D．He only painted with coloured squares

【小题3】Who is probably the most famous abstract artist?

A．Breton B．Dali. C．Picasso D．Magritte

【小题4】Which of the following is Not true?

A．Picasso painted in many different styles.

B．Dali was interested in dreams.

C．Abstract artists feel each work of art only has one meaning

D．Magritte’s art was full of symbols.

3、阅读下面的材料，根据材料的内容，选择正确答案填空。

Tigers are strong and dangerous animals. But now they are in danger.

In the past, there were eight kinds of tigers in the world. But during the 20th century, only five were left. The number of Siberian tigers (东北虎) was about 300, but now it is less than 22. They’re in danger of dying out. If the government does nothing, we won’t be able to see them in ten to twenty years.

In order to stop people from hunting and killing wild tigers, and in order to make wild tigers more, the World Wildlife Fund (世界自然基金会) has started a program (项目) recently (最近). China and twelve other countries joined it.

However, it’s not enough. Remember that nature is a food chain (链). If we hurt and kill too many wild deer and pigs, wild tigers will die out because of hunger (饥饿). So the most important thing is to save the animals that tigers eat. In order to protect the wild tigers, we need call on (号召) more people to stop eating, hunting and killing wild animals.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

【小题1】During the 20th century, _______ kinds of wild tigers were left.

A．3 B．5 C．8 D．20

【小题2】The number of the wild Siberian tigers reduced (减少) about _______. A．5% B．22 C．93% D．30%

【小题3】Wild tigers will be in danger of dying out without _______.

A．pigs B．deer C．people D．A and B

【小题4】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A．There are less than 22 wild Siberian tigers now.

B．There are twelve countries in the World Wildlife Fund.