法律渊源source of law
制定法statute
判例法case law;precedent
普通法mon law
特别法speciallaw
固有法native law;indigenouslaw
继受法adopted law
实体法substantial law
程序法procedural law
原则法fundamental law
例外法exception law
司法解释judicial interpretation
习惯法customarylaw
公序良俗public orderand moral
自然法naturallaw
罗马法Roman Law
私法private law
公法public law
市民法jus civile
万民法jus gentium
民法法系civil law system英美法系system ofAnglo-American law
大陆法系civil law system
普通法monlaw
大陆法continentallaw
罗马法系Roman law system
衡平法equity; law ofequity
日尔曼法Germantic law
教会法ecclesiasticallaw
寺院法canon law
伊斯兰法Islamic law
民法法律规范normofcivil law
授权规范authorizationnorm
禁止规范forbidding norm
义务性规范obligatory norm
命令性规范manding norm
民法基本原则fundamental principlesofcivillaw
平等原则principle of equality
自愿原则principle of free will
公平原则principle of justice
等价有偿原则principleof equal va lue exchange
诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act
作为ac
不作为omission
合法行为lawful act
违法行为unlawful act
民事权利权利能力civil right
绝对权absolute right
相对权relative right
优先权rightofpriority 先买权preemption
原权antecedent right
救济权right of relief
支配权right of dominion
请求权right of claim
物上请求权right ofclaim forre al thing
形成权right of formation
撤销权rightof claimingcancellat ion
否认权right ofclaimingcancellation
解除权right ofrenouncement
代位权subrogatedright
选择权rightof choice
承认权right of admission
终止权right of termination
抗辩权right of defense
一时性抗辩权momentaryright ofdefense
永久性抗辩权permanentcounter-argumentright
不安抗辩权unstablecounter-argumen tright
同时履行抗辩权defense rightof simultaneous performance
既得权tested right
期待权expectant right
专属权exclusive right
非专属权non-exclusiveright
人身权利personal right
人权humanright
人格权right of personality
生命健康权right of life andhealth
姓名权right ofname
名称权right ofname
肖像权right of portraiture
自由权right offreedom
名誉权rightreputation
隐私权right of privacy
私生活秘密权right ofprivacy
贞操权virginity right
身份权rightofstatus
亲权parental power;parental right
亲属权right ofrelative
探视权visitationright
配偶权right of spouse
荣誉权right of honor
权利得保护protectionofright
公力救济public protection
私力救济self-protection
权利本位standard of right
社会本位standardofsociety
无责任行为irresponsible right
正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimatedefence
防卫行为actof defence 自为行为self-conductingact
紧急避险act of rescue;necessity
自助行为act of self-help
不可抗力force majeure
意外事件accident
行为能力capacity for act
意思能力capacity ofwill
民事行为civilact
意思表示declarationof intention
意思表示一致meeting of minds;consensus
完全行为能力perfect capacityfor act
限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act
准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person
保佐protection
自治产人minor whois capable ofadministering his own capacity
无行为能力incapacity foract
禁治产人interdicted person
自然人natural person
公民citizen
住所domicile
居所residence
经常居住地frequentlydwelling place 户籍censusregister
监护guardianship
个体工商户individualbusiness
农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household
合伙partnership
合伙人partner
合伙协议partnership agreement
合伙财产propertyof partnership
合伙债务debt of partnership
入伙join partnership
退伙withdrawal from partnership
合伙企业partnership business esta blishment
个人合伙partnership
法人合伙partnershipof legal person
特别合伙specialpartnership
普通合伙generalpartnership
有限合伙limited partnership
民事合伙civil partnership 隐名合伙sleeping partnership;dormant partnership
私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship
法人legalperson
企业法人legal bodyof enterprise
企业集团groupof enterprise
关联企业affiliate enterprise
个人独资企业individual business estab lishment
国有独资企业solely state-owned e nterprise
中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise
中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractu al enterprise
社团法人legal body ofmass organization
财团法人legalbodyoffinancial group
联营jointventure
法人型联营association of legalpers ons
合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership
协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management
合作社cooperative
民事法律行为civil legal act
单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act
双方民事法律行为bilateralcivil
legal act
多方民事法律行为joint act civillegal act
有偿民事法律行为civil legal act w ith consideration
无偿民事法律行为civil legalactwithoutconsideration; civil legalact withoutaward
实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act
法律翻译公司
诺成性民事法律行为consental civil leg al act
要式民事法律行为formalcivil legalact
不要式民事法律行为informalcivil legalact
要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act
不要因民事法律行为noncausativecivil legal act
主民事法律行为principal civil legalact
从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act
附条件民事法律行为conditional civ il legal act
附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term
生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death
死后民事法律行为civil legal actafter death
准民事法律行为quasi-civillegal act
无效行为ineffective act
可撤销民事行为revocable civil act
违法行为illegal act; unlawful act
侵权行为tort
欺诈fraud
胁迫duress
乘人之危taking advantage of ot
hers’precarious position
以合法形式掩盖非法目得legalform concealingillegal intention
恶意串通maliciouscollaboration
重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust
误传misrepresentation
代理agency
本人principal
被代理人principal
受托人trustee
代理人agent
本代理人original agent
法定代理人statutoryagent; legal agent
委托代理人agentbymandate
指定代理人designated agent
复代理人subagent
再代理人subagent
转代理人subagent
代理权rightof agency
授权行为act of authorization 授权委托书power of attorney
代理行为act of agency
委托代理agencyby mandate
本代理original agency
复代理subagency
次代理subagency
有权代理authorized agency
表见代理agency byestoppel; apparent agency
律师代理agency by lawyer
普通代理generalagency
全权代理general agency
全权代理委托书generalpower of attorney
共同代理jointagency
独家代理soleagency
居间brokerage
居间人broker
行纪mission;broker house
信托trust
时效timelimit; prescription; limitatio n
时效中止suspension of prescription/li
mitation
时效中断interruption oflimitation/prescription
时效延长extensionof limitation 取得时效acquisitiveprescription
时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription
期日date
期间term
涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements
冲突规范rule ofconflict
准据法applicablelaw;governing
law
反致renvoi;remission
转致transmission
识别identification
公共秩序保留reserve ofpublic order
法律规避evasionof law
国籍nationality
国有化nationalization
法律责任legalliability民事责任civil liability/responsibility
行政责任administrative liability/res ponsibility
刑事责任criminal liability/responsib ility
违约责任liability ofbreach of contr act;responsibility of default
有限责任limited liability
无限责任unlimited liability
按份责任shared/several liability
连带责任jointand several liability
过失责任liabilityfor negligence;negligent liability
过错责任fault liability; liabilityf orfault
单独过错sole fault
共同过错joint fault
混合过错mixed fault
被害人过错victim’s fault
第三人过错third party’s fault
推定过错presumptive fault
恶意bad faith; malice
故意deliberate intention;intenti
on;willfulness
过失negligence
重大过失gross negligence
疏忽大意得过失careless andinadver tent negligence
过于自信得过失negligencewith undueassumption
损害事实facts of damage
有形损失tangible damage/loss
无形损失intangible damage/loss
财产损失property damage/loss
人身损失personal damage/loss
精神损失spiritual damage/loss
民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability
停止侵害ceasetheinfringing act
排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance;removal of obstacle
消除危险elimination of danger
返还财产restitutionof propert y
恢复原状restitution; restitution of orig inal state 赔偿损失pensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss
支付违约金payment of liquidatedda mage
消除影响eliminateill effects
恢复名誉rehabilitate one’sreputation
赔礼道歉extend a formal apology
物权jusadrem; right in rem; real right
物权制度realright system;rightin remsystem
一物一权原则theprincipal of One thi ng,OneRight
物权法定主义principalof legality of right in rem
物权公示原则principalof publicsummonsof right in rem
物权法jus rerem
物property
生产资料rawmaterial forproduction
生活资料meansof livelihood; means ofsubsistence
流通物resin mercium; a thing in merce
限制流通物limitedmerchantablething
禁止流通物resextra mercium; athi ng out of merce
资产asset
固定资产fixed asset
流动资产current asset; floating asset
动产movables; chattel
不动产immovable; realestate
特定物rescertae; a certain thing
种类物genus; indefinite thing
可分物res divisibiles;divis ible things
不可分物resindivisibiles; indiv isiblethings
主物res capitalis; a principalthing
从物resaccessoria; an accessory t hing
原物originalthing
孳息fruits
天然孳息natural fruits
法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia;vacant goods; ownerlessgoods
遗失物lostproperty
漂流物drifting object
埋藏物fortuna;hidden property
货币currency
证券securities
债券bond
物权分类classificationof rightin rem/realright
自物权jus in repropria;right of full ownership
所有权dominium;ownership; title
所有权凭证documentof title;title of ownership
占有权dominium utile;equitable
ownership
使用权right of use;right touse of
收益权right toearnings;right toyields
处分权rightof disposing; jus dispodendi
善意占有possessionin goodfaith
恶意占有malicious possession
按份共有severalpossession
共同共有jointpossession
她物权jus in realiena
用益物权real rightfor usufruct
使用权right to use;right ofuse
土地使用权righttothe use ofland林权forest ownership
采矿权mining ownership
经营权managerialauthority; powerof management
承包经营权right to contracted management
相邻权neighboring right; relatedright
地上权superficies
永佃权jus emphyteuticum;right tolanded estate granted in perpetuity t hrough a contract
地役权servitude;easement
人役权servituspersonarum; personal servitude
担保物权realright for security
物得担保securityforthing 物得瑕疵担保warrantyagainst defectof a thing
抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation;right to mortgage
抵押权得设定creation of right to mort gage
抵押人mortgagor
抵押权人mortgagee
抵押标得物collateral;estate under mortgage
抵押权得效力deffect of right tom ortgage
抵押权得次序sequence of right tomortgage
抵押权得抛弃abandonment of right tomortgage
抵押权得让与alienation of right to mortgage
抵押权得实现materialization of
rightto mortgage
抵押权得消灭extinction of right to
mortgageregistration of estateundermortgage
抵押物登记registrationof estateunder mortgage
抵押优先权priority of mortgage
留置权lien
一般留置权general lien
特别留置权speciallien
质权hypotheque;pledge; right of pledge
佃权tenantright
债权jus inpersonam; rightto give or procure; claim; creditor’s right
债权人creditor
债务人debtor
相对人counterpart; offeree
给付give; pay
债务debt;liability;obligation
债务得偿还payment ofdebt
债务得偿清discharge of debt
债务得担保guarantee of debt
债务得合并consolidation of debt
债务得给付日期debtmaturity
债务得免除exemption ofdebt
债得分类obligatio;obligation
法定之债legalobligation 任意之债voluntary obligation
简单之债simpleobligation
选择之债alternativeobligation
主债prime/principal obligation
从债accessory obligation
单一之债single obligation
按份之债several obligation
连带之债joint obligation
特定之债certain obligation
种类之债indefiniteobligation
合同之债contractual obligation
侵权行为之债tort obligation
损害赔偿之债obligationof pensationfor injury; obligation of damages
人身损害damagetoperson
精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage
医药费hospital treatment expense
医疗费medical charge
抚恤金pension
慰问金consolation money
产品瑕疵defect ofproduct
不当得利unjust enrichment
无因管理voluntary service
债得担保guarantee of obligation
财产担保property guarantee
信用担保credit guarantee
让与担保alienationguarantee
保证guaranty
明示保证express guaranty
默示保证implied guaranty
保证人guarantor
保证合同contract ofguaranty/sur etyship
保证金guaranty bond; security deposit
押金deposit;foregift
预付款advancedpayment
定金earnestmoney;deposit
违约金liquidated damages
法定违约金liquidated damages by law
约定违约金liquidated damages b yagreement
债得履行performanceofobliga tion 实际履行原则doctrineof specific performance
情事变更原则doctrine ofchange ofcircumstances
不当履行misfeasance
清偿discharge;satisfaction
提存debtor’s submission of thesubject matter of obligation to petentauthority
抵销setoff
知识产权intellectual property
知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectualproperty 国民待遇原则doctrineof national treatment
优先权原则arightofprioritydoctrine
自动保护原则doctrine ofautomatic pr otection
特许权使用费royalties
智力成果intellectual property
著作权copyright
版权copyright
著作权人copyright owner
创作creation
作品opus;product;work
著作人格权right ofpersonality of c opyright
发表权right of publication
署名权rightof authorship; rightofpaternity
修改权right ofmodification; right ofrevision
完整性保持权rightto maintaini ntegrity
不可侵犯权inviolability
收回权right of recall;right of retrieval
自费出版publishabook at theauthor’s ownexpense
著作财产权propertyright in work
使用收益分享权right toshare usufruct
利用权rightto makeuse of
获得报酬权right to get payment
重播权right ofrebroadcasting
录制权right of fixation
机械复制权right of mechanograph;right ofmechanicalreproduction 著作邻接权neighboring right of copyr ight
剽窃plagiary; plagiarism
盗版pirate
盗版VCD piratedVCD
伪造forge
工业产权industrial property
专利权patent right
优先权日priority date
申请在先原则priorapplicationrule
使用在先priorityof use
新颖性novelty
创造性creativity
实用性practicability
发明创造invention and creation
实用新型utility model
外观设计design; industrial design
发明权right of invention
发现权rightof discovery
专利申请patent application
专利异议objectionto a patent
专利公告patent gazette
专利续展费renewalfee of patent
专利许可协议patent licensingagreeme nt
技术诀窍know-how
专有技术know-how
专利证书certificate ofpatent
专利事务所patentoffice
专利代理patentagency
中华人民共与国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republicof China
商标权trademarkright
商标国际注册international registration of trademark
商品商标modity trademark
服务商标service trademark
驰名商标reputed trademark
广告商标advertisement trademark
近似商标similar trademark
商标评审委员会tradereview and ap praisal board
商标审查trademark examination
商标侵权trademark infringement 商标注册registered trademark
商标公告trademark gazette
注册商标使用许可licensing ofregisteredtrademark
注册商标转让assignment of registere
dtrademark
商标使用许可协议trademarklicensing agreement
商标事务所trademark office
商标代理trademark agency
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, fami ly, inheritance, adoption
婚姻法marital law; marriagelaw
包办婚姻arranged marriage
财产分割partition; dismemberment
ofproperty
重婚bigamy
独生子女only child
法律婚legal marriage
非婚生子女illegitimate child
夫妻共同财产munityproperty
夫妻关系conjugal relationship
夫妻分居divorce amensa etthoro;
divorcefrom bed and board
复婚resumption of marriage
感情破裂inpatibility
婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties
婚姻登记marriageregistration
婚生子女ligitimate child
计划生育birth control
结婚marry
离婚divorce
买卖婚姻mercenary marriage
拟制血亲blood relations in fiction o flaw
旁系血亲collateral relation bloodrelation
涉外婚姻marriage withforeign elements
配偶spouse
事实婚defacto marriage
诉讼离婚divorcebylitigation
探视权visitationright
同居cohabitation
晚婚late marriage 无效婚姻void marriage
协议离婚divorce by agreement
一夫一妻制monogamy
早婚early marriage
直系血亲lineal descent
自然血亲natural blood relation
收养法adoption law
收养协议adoption agreement
收养人adoptiveparent
送养人personorinstitution placin gout a child foradoption
涉外收养adoption with foreign elem ents
继承法inheritancelaw;lawof su ccession
法定继承legal seccession
遗嘱继承intestatesuccession
遗赠继承successionbydevise
自然继承natural succession
代位继承representation; succession by subrogation
世袭继承hereditary succession
间接继承indirect succession
转继承subsuccession
共同继承jointsuccession
单独继承single succession
继承人heir;successor
第二顺序继承人successor second inorder
第一顺序继承人successor first in order
继承参与人successionparticipant
遗产inheritance;heritage
遗产继承人heir to property;inheritor
遗言last will andtestament
遗书last words
遗赠bequest;legacy;devise
遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreemen t
会计法accounting law
税法tax law; taxation law
反不正当竞争法anti-unfair petition law
消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest pr otection law
产品责任法production liabilitylaw
消费者权益法consumer rights and interestslaw
公司法pany law; corporate law
公司pany; corporation
有限责任公司limited liability pany 股份有限公司pany limited by shares
无限公司unlimited pany
股份两合公司joint stock limitedliability partnership
两合公司joint liability pany
控股公司holding pany
集团公司group pany
合资公司joint venture pany
联营公司associated pany; affiliated pany
国营公司state-ownpany
国有公司state-ownedpany
民营公司civilian-run pany
本国公司national/domestic pany
外国公司foreign pany
上市公司listedpany
母公司parentpany
子公司subsidiary
皮包公司briefcase pany;fundless pany
募集设立incorporation by stock floatation
发起人floater; initiator
公司名称nameofpany
公司住址domicile of pany
出资contribution;capital subscription
现金出资investmentin cash
实物出资investment inkind
工业产权出资investmentin industrialpropertyright
非专有技术出资investment in non-patenttechnology
劳务出资investmentin labor
高新技术成果出资investment in hi-tech achievements
注册资本registeredcapital
实缴资本paid-incapital
验资报告capitalverification report
会计师事务所certifiedpublicacc ountants
注册会计师certified public accountant
资本三原则three doctrine of capita l
资本确定原则doctrineof capital determination
资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance
资本不变原则doctrine ofunchanging capital
最低资本额制度minimum capitalsystem
公司章程articles of association; art icles ofincorporation;bylaw
公司登记incorporation; corporat eregistration
公司存续existence ofpany
公司合并分立mergerandsplit ofpany
公司并购corporate merger and acquisition
公司管理corporate governance; pany management
公司法律顾问corporate counsel
公司整顿pany rectification
公司歇业closure ofbusiness
公司与解panyposition
公司解散pany dissolution
公司清算panyliquidation
公司清理pany winding-up
竞业禁止non-mpete; petition prohibition
招股章程prospectus
股本stock capital
股东shareholder
股东大会shareholders’meeting
股东大会决议resolution of shareholde rs’meeting
股东大会议事规则ruleof procedureof shareholders’meeting
表决权voting right; rightto vote
董事director
董事长president/chairmanof the b oard
首席执行官chief executive offi cer(CEO)
首席运营官chiefoperationofficer(COO)
执行董事executivedirector 常务董事managing director
董事会board of directors
董事会领导下得经理负责制responsibility s ystem ofthechief executive officerunder the leadership of theb oard ofdirectors
经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system
监事supervisor
监事会board of supervisors
股share; stock
普通股mon stock
特别股specialstock
资格股qualification stock
优先股preferredstock
劣后股inferiorstock
表决权股stock with voting power
溢价股premiumstock
折价股converting stock
国家股state-owned share
集体股collective share法人股corporate share
企业股enterprise share
个人股individualshare
股息dividend
红股bonusstock; dividendstock
法定公积金legal accumulation fund
资本公积金capital accumulation fund
盈余公积金surplusaccumulation fund 任意公积金optional accumulationfund 公司犯罪corporate crime
证券法securities law
证券发行issuance of securities
证券上市list securities;float an issue
证券交易所stock exchange
证券商securities dealer
证券公司securities pany
证券承销商consortiumof underwriters
证券承销合同underwritingcontra ct
证券经纪人securitiesbroker
披露制度disclosing system 交割日closing date
风险投资基金venture capitalfund
上海证券交易所ShanghaiStock Ex change
深圳证券交易所ShenzhenStock Exchang e
证券监督委员会securitiessupervision mittee
票据法lawofnegotiableinst rument
票据notes; bills; mercial instruments
商业票据bill;mercialinstrument远期票据time bill;;long-dated bill 到期票据maturedbill
即期票据sight bill
记名票据bill payable to order;note to order
不记名票据bearer instrument
本票promissory note
支票cheque
汇票billofexchange
发票日ticketday
出票日dateof draft/issue
发票地placeof draft/issue
票据到期日bill tomature
票据金额sum ofbill
票面价额face value
票据出票人drawer
票据持票人bill holder
票据承兑人billacceptor
票据行为act onmercialpaper
承兑票据honor abill
票据议付negotiation
拒付票据protest a bill
票据付款人drawee
票据支付人payeron mercialinstrument
票据收款人bill collector
票据背书人endorser/indorserofabill
被背书人endorsee
票据保证人bill guarantor
票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee
再追索人renewedrecourser 前手remote holder
后手subsequent endorser
票据权利right of bill
票据期限term of bill; tenor
票据债务人debtor of mercial instrument
追索权right of recourse
票据抗辩exceptionto bill
票据丧失loss of bill
票据时效prescriptionof exchanges
票据贴现discount of bill
再贴现rediscount of bill
恩惠期间term ofbenevolence
票据代理agency for notes/bills/mercial instruments
海商法maritime law
船舶国籍证书certificate of registry; certificateofship’s nationality
船棋国flag country
船舶所有权证书certificate of shipownership
船舶检验registerof ship
船舶保险insurance on hull
一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee ?p??li: 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书award(用于仲裁) 裁决书verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书legal opinions 法律援助legal aid 法律咨询legal counseling 法庭division; tribunal 法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws) 法学会law society 法学课程legal courses 法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws) 法学系faculty of law; department of law 法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws) J.D ( juris doctor缩写,美国法学学士) 法学院law school 法院公告court announcement 反诉状counterclaim 房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer 非诉讼业务non-litigation practice 高级合伙人senior partner 高级律师senior lawyer 各类协议和合同agreements and contracts 公安局Public Security Bureau 公司上市company listing 公诉案件public-prosecuting case 公证书notarial certificate 国办律师事务所state-run law office 国际贸易international trade 国际诉讼international litigation 国内诉讼domestic litigation 合伙律师partner lawyer 合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law office 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision 会见当事人interview a client 会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect 兼职律师part-time lawyer 监狱prison; jail 鉴定结论expert conclusion 缴纳会费membership dues 举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi 决定书decision
一、律师部分 案件受理费 court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂 important and complicated case 案由 cause of action 案子 case 包揽诉讼 monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人 respondent; defendant 本地律师 local counsel 毕业证 diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词 defense; pleadings 辩护律师 defense lawyer 辩护要点 point of defense 辩护意见 submission 财产租赁 property tenancy 裁定书 order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书 award(用于仲裁) 裁决书 verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据 admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议 drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条 source legal provisions 出差 go on errand; go on a business trip
出具律师意见书 providing legal opinion 出示的证据 exhibit 出庭 appear in court 传票 summons; subpoena 答辩状 answer; reply 代理词 representation 代理房地产买卖与转让 agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁 agency for arbitration 代写文书 drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述 statement of the parties 第三人 third party 吊销执业证 revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证 investigation and gathering for evidence 调解 mediation 调解书 mediation 二审案件 case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件 send e-mail 法律顾问legal consultants 法律意见书 legal opinions
法律英语词汇大全完美 版 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 行为 act 作为 ac 不作为 omission 合法行为 lawful act 违法行为 unlawful act 民事权利权利能力 civil right 绝对权 absolute right 相对权 relative right 优先权 right of priority 先买权 preemption 原权 antecedent right 救济权 right of relief 支配权 right of dominion 请求权 right of claim 物上请求权 right of claim for real thing 形成权 right of formation 撤销权 right of claiming cancellation
法律英语实用单词讲解 accord释义:accord在普通英语中的含义是符合,一致,在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议,指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。如reach an accord达成和解协议,accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。 acquire释义:acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得,获取,而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买,收购,我们通常所说的M&A,即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger 的缩写。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。 act释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,行为,在法律英语中通常理解为作为,与不作为forbear 相对应。如:Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from action释义:act在普通英语中的含义是行动,在法律英语中则理解为诉讼,相当于suit或lawsuit,如initiate an action提起诉讼,win an action在诉讼中获胜,defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。 adopt释义:adopt的最常见含义是采用,通过,如adopt a law通过一项法律,adopt a proposal 采纳一个建议等,这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。另外,adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养,如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。 admission释义:admission是admit的名词,在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。在法律英语中,则通常是法律程序中的一个用语,意思是采纳,采信(证据),如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。 affect释义:affect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一,意思是影响,通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。但在法律英语,affect(本义没有改变,仍然是影响),确实非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence 等单词替换。如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same.任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款,并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。 affiliate释义:affiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一,意思是关联方,关联公司,也可以associate或connected person表示。如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party,including a Party's parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制,或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。 agent释义:agent也是法律英语中常见单词之一,意思是代理人,代理商,通常指商业代理,如果指非商业性质的代理,如替别人出席会议等,则可用proxy。 例句:Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary,joint venturer,partner,employer,or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever. 参考译文:本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行,无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。
一、 action 诉讼 to bring an action/lawsuit against sb. 向某人提起诉讼,到法院告某人 defendant 被告 appellant 上诉人 appellee 被上诉人 cause of action 案由 transaction 交易 to join sb. as plaintiff/defendant 与某人共同起诉、把某人作为第三人被告合并起诉to make a complete determination of a controversy彻底解决争端 to be liable 负有责任 to rest on 依靠,依赖 adversary 敌手,对手;敌对的 adversary system 抗辩制 advocate 用户,提倡;拥护者,辩护者 produce 拿出,出示 evidence 证据 inquisitorial 纠问的 civil law tradition 大陆法传统 presentation 介绍,陈述 intervene 干涉,介入 safeguard 预防措施,保证条款;保护 prevalence 流行,盛行 manifold 多种多样的 contest 比赛 interested 有利害关系的 resolution 解决 to bear the burden of 承担 to reduce... to 把.....降为,把......归纳为 unbiased 无偏见的 satisfy 满足,符合 critic 批评者 merit 事实真相,是非曲直 phase 阶段 reside 属于,归于 affirmative 肯定的,积极的 join 合并 to be liable to sb. for sth. 因某事对某人负有责任 to rest on 依靠 to reside in/with 属于 二、 allege 声称 allegation 声称 injury 伤害
法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
法律英语常用词汇大全
法律英语常用词汇大全 一、律师部分 案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件) 被上诉人appellee 被诉人respondent; defendant 本案律师councel pro hac vice 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定) 裁决书award(用于仲裁) 裁决书verdict(用于陪审团) 采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions 产权转让conveyancing 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate
法律英语专业词汇大全 一、律师部分案件受理费court acceptance fee 案情重大、复杂important and complicated case 案由cause of action 案子case 包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits 被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件) 被诉人respondent; defendant 本地律师local counsel 毕业证diploma; graduation certificate 辩护词defense; pleadings 辩护律师defense lawyer 辩护要点point of defense 辩护意见submission 财产租赁property tenancy 裁定书order; ruling; determination(指终审裁定)裁决书award(用于仲裁)裁决书verdict(用于陪审团)采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence 草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equityinterests 查阅法条source legal provisions 出差go on errand; go on a business trip 出国深造further study abroad 出具律师意见书providing legal opinion 出示的证据exhibit 出庭appear in court 传票summons; subpoena 答辩状answer; reply 代理词representation 代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate 代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization,trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate andincorporations 代理仲裁agency for arbitration 代写文书drafting of legal instruments 待决案件pending case 当事人陈述statement of the parties 第三人third party 吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license 调查笔录investigative record 调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence 调解mediation 调解书mediation 二审案件case of trial of second instance 发送电子邮件send e-mail 法律顾问
法律英语词汇的特点及其翻译 Ξ 李 丽 (三峡大学外国语学院教师 香港中文大学翻译系博士生 香港沙田) 摘 要 法律文件的英汉翻译在中国发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文从四个方面归纳法律英语词汇的特点,即专业性、正式性、客观性及准确性,并进一步探讨具体的法律词汇翻译的方法和对策。关键词 法律翻译 法律词汇特点 翻译方法 翻译策略 Abstract Translation of legal documents is now playing an ever -increasing role in China.This paper first surveys four primary characteristics of legal vocabulary ,namely ,professionalism ,formalism ,objectivity and exactitude ,followed by a presentation and discussion of s pecific strategies and methods of translating legal vo 2cabulary between English and Chinese. K ey Words Legal translation characteristics of legal vocabulary translation methods translation strate 2gies 随着中国加入WTO ,世界经济一体化,中国与世界的交往和联系越来越多。法律文件的翻译将会在社会生活中扮演很重要的角色。要做好法律文件的英汉翻译,我们必须了解法律英语的一些特点。所谓法律英语,“是指法律界通用的书面英语(包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判定和裁定等),尤其是指律师起草法律文件(合同、章程、协议、契约等)惯常使用的语 言。”[1] 法律英语在词汇、句式等方面都有它自己的特点。本文尝试归纳出法律英语在词汇方面的四大特点,并进而探讨一些具体的翻译方法和策略。1 专业性 “法律语言部分地是由具有特定法律意义的词组成,部分地是由日常用语组成。具有特定法律意义的词,在日常用语中即使有也很少 使用,如预谋、过失、非法侵害等。”[2] 除了具有特定法律意义的词之外,很多在日常生活中普遍应用的词汇,一旦到了法律文本中,便具有了区别于日常意义的法律意义。这也就是我们常 说的法律词汇的“专业性”。下表列举部分英语单词的普通意义和法律意义: 英语单词 日常意义法律意义adverse 相反的非法的battery 电池伤害、人身攻击condemn 谴责判刑、定罪declaration 声明、宣言申诉书exhibit 展出物证hear 听见听审immunity 免疫力豁免权leave 离开休庭proceed 进行起诉report 报告揭发sentence 句子判决undo 解开勾引、诱奸vacation 假期休庭期warrant 保证拘捕令 除了这些普通词汇所具有的专业意义之外,法律英语中还保留了一些外来词和旧体词,这也是法律词汇专业性的一个体现和标记。 外来词:现代法律词汇中保留一些来自拉文的词汇,如: ad hoc 专门地bona fide 真诚地 de facto 事实上的inter alia 除了别的因素以外in re 关于 mutatis mutandis 已作了必要的修订pari passu 按相同比例per se 自身pro bono 为了公益pro rata 按比例 第18卷3期2005年8月 中国科技翻译CHIN ESE SCIENCE &TECHNOLO GY TRANSLATORS JOURNAL Vol.18.No.3 Aug.2005 收稿日期:2005—03—09/14
法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange
常用法律英语词汇 Ab initio 从开始形容事件由开始时的状态,例如合约从开始便已经无效,称为“The contract was void ab initio”。 Accused 被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告,民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant;而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent(答辩人)。 Acquittal 罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后,被告罪名不成立被释放,称为“The accused is acquitted”。Acquittal是名词。 Adjourn 休庭,押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟,称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。如要将聆讯押后再排期重审,称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。 Affidavit 誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit,而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation,两者的格式用词有些分别,但主要作用相同。 Allegation 声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言,例如:The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant’s breach of contract,原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。Allegation是名词。Assault 殴打,侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为,称为Assault,一般性质的殴打,称为“Common Assault”;严重者称为Aggravated Assault;未经许可触摸他人身体,可以被控非礼,称为Indecent Assault。As is 现状“As is”常用于物业买卖的合约中,指物业的现状。“The prop erty is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。 Bail 保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告,可以暂时被释放。保释可以是有条件的,也可以是无条件的。保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。 Balance of Probabilities 可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准,法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据,认为那一方的可信性较高,便会判处该方胜诉。相对刑事案而言,民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益,所以法庭对举证的要求,相对也较刑事案为低。 Beyond reasonable doubt无合理疑点这是刑事案件中举证的标准,控方向法庭提出的证据,必须是在合理的情况下并无疑点,法庭才会判处被告有罪。刑事罪的后果对被告而言,较为严重,举证标准的要求也因此而较民事案严格,如果法庭认为证据有任何疑点,都会将疑点的利益“benefit of doubt”归于被告。 Binding 有约束力的“binding”通常的解释是连结一起,但法律上则多用作有约束力的,例如:This provisional agreement is a binding contract。这份临时协议是有法律约束力的。 Body Corporation
t h e i e 法律英语 法律渊源 source of law 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
法律渊源 source of law普通法 common law 制定法 statute大陆法 continental law 判例法 case law; precedent罗马法系 Roman law system 普通法 common law衡平法 equity; law of equity 特别法 special law日尔曼法 Germantic law 固有法 native law; indigenous law教会法 ecclesiastical law 继受法 adopted law寺院法 canon law 实体法 substantial law伊斯兰法 Islamic law 程序法 procedural law民法法律规范 norm of civil law 原则法 fundamental law授权规范 authorization norm 例外法 exception law禁止规范 forbidding norm 司法解释 judicial interpretation义务性规范 obligatory norm 习惯法 customary law命令性规范 commanding norm 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 罗马法 Roman Law 平等原则 principle of equality 私法 private law 自愿原则 principle of free will 公法 public law 公平原则 principle of justice 市民法 jus civile 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value 万民法 jus gentium exchange 民法法系 civil law system 诚实信用原则 principle of good faith 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 行为 act 大陆法系 civil law system 作为 ac
法律英语高频词汇 发回重审 remand a lawsuit for a new trial 发货人 consignor, shipper 发生法律效力 be legally effective 发现 discovery 发行审核委员会 the Issuance Examination Commission 发展规划 development plan 罚款 Fin 法案 bill 法定部门 statutory machinery 法定代表律师 Official Solicitor 法定代表人 legal representative 法定代理人 legal agent 法定继承 legal inheritance 法定继承人 legal heir 法定监护人 legal guardian 法定期限 time limit provided by law 法定义务 legal duty 法定语言 legal language 法定主管当局 statuory authority
法官法 judges law 法官考评委员会 committee for the examination and appraisal of judges 法规 laws and regulations 法纪 Law and Discipline 法纪监督 supervision over legal discipline 法理背景 jurisprudential background 法理背景 jurisprudential base 法理学 jurisprudence 法令 decree 法律程序文件 written process 法律冲突 conflict of laws 法律服务所 Legal Service Office 法律概念 legal concept 法律顾问处 Legal Consultant Office 法律后果 legal effect 法律解释权 power of law interpretation 法律面前人人平等 equality before the law 合法的 legitimate 法律上的财产处分 legal disposition of property
考研改变命运法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law;precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law;indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity;law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice