研究生英语期末考试重点

Translation

A.

有没有一种“成功性格”，即几乎必然使人取得成就的某些性格特征的结合？如果有的话，这一成功的秘诀究竟是什么？并且，这种性格是否能培养出来？在盖洛普公司中，我们最近集中深入研究了成功现象，探查了1 500 名杰出人物的态度和性格特征。他们是从《美国名人录》中随机抽取的。被收入《名人录》的主要标准不是财富或社会地位，而是一个人当前在某个领域中的成就。我们的研究确认了一些在成就最显著的人身上总是出现的性格特征，其中最重要的五点是：由生活经验得出的判断力、专业知识、自力更生的精神、总的智力水平以及把事情完成的能力。如果你培养这些性格特征，你就很可能会成功。而且，你甚至可能会发现自己的名字有一天也被收进《名人录》。

B.6. In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behaviou r is less consistent than it is in most adults. A child’s changing behaviour may show hi s changing concern with different features of his activity. His interest always focuses on the business at hand. The person with strong traits and interests persists in what he is doing. Only a major situational change can disturb the direction or purpose of his be haviour.

Ⅴ. Writing

Suggested passage: The proverb “Habit is second nature” is so often quoted that it has almost become a clich

é, yet we all know how true it is. A habit is a form of learned, automatic behaviour tha t provides pleasure and comfort. A bad habit has long-term negative consequences, bu t it still gives immediate comfort. Once formed, it seems to stick to you, no matter ho w hard you,try to shake it off. For example, we have all heard of stories of determined individuals trying to give up smoking, but after strenuously resisting all temptations f or months, only to find themselves reverting to cigarettes again on the threshold of su ccess. So swearing off a bad habit is only half the battle; staying off requires good pla nning. To permanently rid yourself of a bad habit, whether it is smoking, drinking, ga mbling or overeating, you have to simultaneously unlearn certain behaviours and repl ace them with new ones that also provide gratification. If you smoke because cigarette s give you something to do with your hands, learn to play a music instrument instead. With a strong will-power and good strategy, you can surely break any bad habit.

第二单元

Ⅱ. V ocabulary

1. B

2. A

3. D

4. C

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. C

9. B 10. C

B. 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A

Translation

不论是在青年时夭折还是在老年时死去，都没有是否虚度了年华来得重要。一个人可能在18 年中比另一个在80 年中活得更有意义。对于生活，我们认为并不是要去不顾一切地积累大量的他人想象为有价值的经验，而是应该过好每天的时光，就好像它是唯一的一天。我们的意思是要寻找平和感和力量感去对付生活中的失意和痛苦，同时坚持不懈地努力去发现能增添更多生活乐趣和喜悦并加以维持的方法。

6. Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed,of possibilities. Fift y years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers, lasers and hologra

phy. Today, a host of newly,emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and g enetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists. Like it or n ot, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth.

A.Ⅴ. Writing

Suggested passage: It is well known that cancer is a dangerous disease which spares n o one, irrespective of age and sex. Its mortality is high. Therefore it is no wonder that the mere mention of it will frighten the strongest man. But we are convinced that canc er, like all other diseases, is conquerable though it is not quite clear what is the agent t hat causes cancer. Many research units have reported that etiologically cancer is a gro up of diseases rather than a single disease entity; and that cancer is caused by external disease agents, including viruses, chemical and physical stimuli. Up to now there is no known cure for cancer. Nevertheless, much research work on cancer is being conduct ed all over the world.With the discovery of new treatment。

第三单元

Ⅱ. V ocabulary

A. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. B

B. 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. C

Translation

被认为北美蛇中最凶猛的响尾蛇常常是自然学家们研究和探讨的主题。响尾蛇的名字来源于蜕皮时( 即蛇把旧皮脱下时) 遗留在蛇尾部的一圈圈的硬皮。蛇在被激怒时摆动尾部，一圈圈的硬皮就发出哗啦啦的声响。多数自然学家认为这声音是爬行动物紧张时不自觉的反应，而不是响尾蛇在对可能之敌传出的警告。研究表明，响尾蛇是唯一在进攻前发出信号的毒蛇，而事实上又是唯一尾部有响环的爬行动物。可是牛蛇和狐蛇在紧张时也都快速颤动尾部。因响尾蛇出击前发出声响，是否就可称之为“蛇中君子”呢? 这是个有趣的问题。第四单元

Ⅱ. V ocabulary

1. A

2. D

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. D

7. A

8. B

9. D 10. B

B. 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A

Translation

A马斯洛把自我实现的需要定义为“要求成为一个比现状更好的人，一个实现自己有能力去达到一切的人”。在这种水平上生活的人，通常认为工作就是要做的某种事情。其目的就是要使自己成为一个实现个人人生观的完整的人。这是一种比得到受人尊敬的更高水平的需要，因为所涉及的人已感到他或他的工作是有价值并受到尊敬的。这种人觉得他们的工作本身是有趣并使他满意的。能达到自我实现的需要起支配作用的阶段的人是很少的。一种普遍看法是只有史怀泽或爱因斯坦到达了这个阶段，但是马斯洛认为，每个人都能在一定程度上感到这种需要。

B Even while enjoying the results of technical progress, man must defend 34 the prim acy and autonomy of pure knowledge. In addition, pure knowledge is the foundation f or practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been s ought disinterestedly. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagin e that their experiments carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would event ually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life.

Writing

Suggested passage:

Li Siguang, an Outstanding Scientist Li Siguang was born in Hupei in 1889. When he was a young man, he went to Japan to study. After his return to China, he taught in uni versities and did geological research. As a patriotic intellectual, he loved his country a nd his people. He refused to work for the Kuomintang. In 1947 he went to Britain to e scape persecution by the Kuomintang. After liberation, he came back to his motherlan

d to tak

e part in the building o

f socialism. In 1985, he became a member of the Chines

e Communist Party. Integrating theory with practice, Li Siguang applied dialectics in his research work, and set up a new branch o

f science-geomechanics. He was the first man to declare to the world that China is rich in oil. Li made great contributions to our geological studies and to our oil industry. Armed with Li’s theory, Chinese geological workers have since found many bi

g oilfields like Daqing, Shengli and Dagang.

第五单元

V ocabulary

A. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. D

B. 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A

Translation

A. 注视21世纪，新的科学上的突破将使遗传工程能改变一切，从机器和农业到计算机和工业。在一些近期前景中，农业上可能栽培出更大的树，增加谷物产量，甚至生产方形含较少水分容易包装的西红柿。可能培育出如大象那样大小的母牛，能多产40% 的牛奶。科学家谈论使用蛋白质取代计算机芯片中的硅，以使在同样的空间能多容纳几十亿倍的信息。

B.6. It may come as a surprise to learn that it isn’t age that makes you “lose your me mory”. The reason could be that you have a “lazy” memory, not an old one. Like your body, your memory improves with exercise. Scientists believe that our brains wil l work at least 75% more effectively if both sides are exercised.

Ⅴ. Writing

Suggested passage:

In recent years we have become increasingly conscious of our duty towards the enviro nment. People have begun to realize that just because we are so dependent on natural r esources, we must learn to conserve them, so that they will still be available for future generation. In modern times, man has exploited the earth to an alarming degree with t he effect that he is in danger of destroying the very environment that gives him life. A n example of over exploitation is the destruction of forest reserves, which play a vital part in the ecology of the earth. Not only are our forests in danger, but as a result of in dustrialization seas and rivers have become polluted, and this is causing the fish in the m to be poisoned and drinking water to be contaminated. Pollution of the atmosphere with gases is not only affecting the quality of the air we breathe, but may also result in raising the temperature of the earth to dangerous levels. In view of the seriousness of this problem, people are starting to take measures. They are now getting to know that it is man’s responsibility to conserve nature in order to ensure his own survival and w ell-being.

第六单元

V ocabulary

A. 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A

B. 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. A

Translation

A. 我们必须猛回头来寻求人民的智慧，这日子已经不远了。那一天，我们将不得不找出世上未受过教育的人，即头脑还没有被学问弄糊涂的人，来更新我们的头脑。为了学习，我们将不得不忘掉许多东西。而这只有在我们获得了那种智慧之后，我们才会知道怎样来利用我们已获得的知识。一盎司智慧抵得上百万吨书本，应该让那些学问欠缺而懂得怎样生活，怎样维持健康，保养精力的人有机会教我们怎样利用更多的、能够利用的知识而不至感到知识缺乏。让我们从未受过教育的人的智慧中寻求公正、美丽、宽容和对自然规律的理解吧。Notes:

文中Para. [2]：They who have known ... starving ... 这句中：

(1) 该句为“more ... than, less ... than”句型的一种特殊句法结构，即在more than 或less than 等词后面的分句中不用主语。例如：

① More is meant than meets the ear. ( 话里有话。)

② She fulfilled her quota, as always, in less time than was allotted. ( 像经常一样，她没到限定的时间就完成了定额。)

③ They make light of keeping people waiting longer than is necessary. ( 他们对不必要地使人久等满不在乎。)

(2) 这里的to live on less 是比喻用法，less 指less learning 而言。

B.8. Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the u nfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the cent er of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives message s of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite (or God), so long are you young.

Ⅴ. Writing

Suggested passage:

What I Have Learned from the Lesson The author’s “truths to live by” is something that he has gleaned from his life experience. Inspired by his deep understanding of th e nature of life, I’m determined to begin my life anew. Life is full of wonder and beau ty. We must enjoy ourselves with abandon and in time. And we should never be too bu sy for it. See the beauty before it fades, respond with love before it wanes. Besides, lo ok on those appearing commonplace as something that does not easily come by and y ou’ll treasure them all the more. Life’s gifts are precious. Owning life and understandi ng how to treasure it are all there is to a happy and beautiful life. Just as every coin ha s two sides, so does life. We sustain more or less losses all our lives while we enjoy lo ve, beauty and everything splendid. We must let go of them and don’t let them bother us, for they are after all part of life, which still signifies the existence of life. The most important thing is to make best use of life for our benefit for our health and well-bein g, and our lofty ideal.

工程硕士 研究生英语基础教程课后习题 Unit1-15 汉译英全部 精校版

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研究生英语基础1复习重点句子

1.1 What we do in the next two to three years will determine our future. This is the defining moment. 2 some of the dire projections may not occur, but in light of the warnings from our best scientists, it will be beyond irresponsible to take that bet. 3By badly disrupting that envelope, we adversely affect every dimension of human well-being that is tied to the environment. 4 In 2004, Swiss Re warned in a report that the costs of natural disasters, aggravated by climate change, threatened to double to150 billon a year in 10 years. 5The threat of this major disruption coming from a number of factors, including the increased costs of damage from extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, heat waves, and major storms. 6 Stern also points to the consequences of climate change on the environment and on human health as economic growth and productivity suffer under the weight of degrading environmental conditions. 7Moreover, we would incur a very large opportunity cost, having lost out on the chance to become the economic leader in developing alternative and more efficient uses of energy. 4.1In recent years the mushrooming power, functionality and ubiquity of computers and the Internet have outstripped early forecasts about technology’s ra te of advancement and usefulness in everyday life. 2Alert pundits now foresee a world saturated with powerful computer chips, which will increasingly insinuate themselves into our gadgets, dwellings, apparel and even our bodies. 3In light of what I have just described as a history of largely unfulfilled goals in robotics, why do I believe that rapid progress and stunning accomplishments are in the offing? 4Properly educated, the resulting robots will become quite formidable. In fact, I am sure they will outperform us in any conceivable area of endeavor, intellectual or physical. 5 Human will play a pivotal role in formulating the intricate complex of laws that will govern corporate behavior. 5.1Sundown had seen his pockets empty before, but sunrise had always seen them lined. 2Along came a youngster of five, headed for the dispensary, stepping high with the consequence of a big errand, possibly one to which his advancing age had earned him promotion. 3 Content, light-hearted, ironical, keenly philosophic, he watched the moon drifting in and out amidst a maze of flying clouds. 4People’s money must be spent to advance their priorities, not to line pockets of contractors or to maintain projects that don’t work. 5 They had entered a maze of fences, through which they twisted and turned for a long time before finally finding their way out again. 7.1 Through necessity, I was entering a club more viewers are joining by choice: the post television society. 2Unless you got proactive with VCR, you did not copy, carry or remix what you saw. This was why mass media were culturally unifying: those moments that mattered, we all saw in exactly the same way. 3Why sit through 90 minutes waiting for the good bits when an army of online editors will separate the wit from the chaff? 8.1But amid this gloom, there’s buzz about consumers’ shifting demand toward ‘green homes’---and how builders with this expertise remain busy despite the bust. 2.It’s taken almost as a fait accompli,that green building is where the market is headed. 3.If there is a downside to this trend, it may be the growing numbers of green homeowners who’ll brag about low utility bills the way golfers boast of low golf scores.

研究生英语精读教程第三版上unit one原文

Unit One Text: You Are What You Think And if you change your mind-from pessimism to optimism -you can change your life Claipe Safran [1] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. [2] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University①in Houston②，"it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills." [3] "Your abilities count," explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie Mellon University③in Pittsburgh④, "but

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Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

11、武大研究生英语期末考试英译汉重点句子

Unit one Stumbling block in intercultural communication 1 在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。 It’s appropriate at this time of major changes in the international scene to take a look at some of the disappointing results of attempts at communication. They are actually stumbling block in international communication. 7 本国居民可能会被灌输有这种期望：既然外国人穿着合适，并且能说一些本国话，那么他或她也有同样的非语言的准则、想法和感觉。 The native inhabitants are likely to be lulled into the expectation that ,since the foreign person is dressed appropriately and speak some of the language,he or she will also have similar nonverbal codes ,thoughts and feelings. 8 更糟糕的问题是死死抱住新语言中一个词汇或短语的一种意义，而不顾隐含义和语境。 A worse language problem is the tenacity with which someone will cling to just one meaning of a word or phrase in the new language, regardless of connotation or context. 11 先入为主和程式化思维的现象

研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社

Language Points 1.Subtitle:Toxin sniffers，missile jammers,dirty-bomb detectors： The post-9/11security blitz is affecting more than public safety—it’s changing the course of science. Toxin sniffers:毒素嗅探器missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机 dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器 全句可译为：毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器：“9·11” 事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。 2.Par.[1]:In the race to prevent future9/11-style attacks—or worse—Washington has marshaled the U.S.science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik. 全句可译为：华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科 学机构做了安排。 3.Par.[2]:“A lot of it is security theater technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier，author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World. 全句可译为：《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁 斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到 更安全。 4.Par.[6]:As the archive of visa applicants balloons，scans of all10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications. 全句可译为：随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将 使身份验证更加万无一失。 5.Par.[9]:Resembling a sleek outhouse，the$150,000walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles. walk-through:（建筑物）从两端都可进入的 全句可译为：这种价值15万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的 户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药 粒子， 6.Par.[10]:Still,building technology today already seems light-years beyond pre-9/11days． 全句可译为：然而，今天的建筑技术看来已经远远超过“9·11”事件以前的 日子了。 7.Par.[11]:GPS:Global Positioning System全球卫星定位系统 8.Par.[12]:A cyber-attack on the country’s financial networks or power and telecommunications grids could make other means of protecting our physical assets moot. 全句可译为：对国家的金融网或电力和电信网进行的网络攻击，可使我们保 护有形资产的其他手段变得无实际意义。 9.Par.[12]:Developers describe it as a“Google-esque”tool and predict

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程课后练习题1-4课 第一课 一、词形填空 1.They made regular visits to the park on the suburbs during the weekends. 2.She was prooted to division manager last year. 3.We tried to walk to the park but ended up taking a taxi there. 4.His handing if these important issues was highly praised. 5.Thomas bought a new hat to repluce the one he had lost. 6.The movie received generally favorable reviews. 7.Thank you for all the time and effort you have put in. 8.Make sure you’re home bu midnight . 9.He was hit by a falling tree and killed on the spot 10.The earthquake survivors are in desperate need of help. 二、词形转换 1、Open（n）—opening 2、persist（n）—persistence 3.succeed(n)----success 4.succeed(adj)---successful 5.important(n)----importance 6.promote(n)----promotion 7.depress(n)----depression 8.vlaue(adj)----valuable 9.loyal(n)----loyalty 10.favor(adj)---favorable 三、词换词 1. Obtain----aquire 2. Constant---loyal 3. Famous---noted 4. Frightened---startled 5.blame---responsibility 6. Worth doing---rewarding 7. Sincere----genuine 8.encountered---bumped into 9. Bought----purchased 10. At the end ----eventually 第二课 一、选择正确的词或词组填空 1.Frequent cultural exchange will certainly help foster friendly relations between our two universities. 2.The competition among these companies at the printing market has become very intense in this city. 3.To date, We have not received any replies from them. 4.In this competitive world , it is better for any firm to gain technology superiority . 5.The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 6.It is reported that the Far East area is now on the verge of war again. 7.There is an obvious trend that young people like less formal clothing. 8.We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical perspective. 9.The outstanding businessman agreed that the last decade was favorable for the emergence of new and promising enterprises in IT field. 10.The witness proved that the killer was a man of medium height. 二、词性转换 1.significance(adj.)-significant 2.connect(n.)-connection 3.transform(n.)-transformation

研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。

一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。

研究生基础综合英语unit1-8课后习题汉翻英.

翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament . However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also to ld that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow t hrough because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career -oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me.Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit3食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要

工程硕士研究生英语基础教程 课文翻译

Unit 1 我的第一份工作 汽车清洁工 [1] 我从父母那儿获得了很强的工作道德观。他们俩都经历过大萧条时期，对不是按常规工作的人感到难以理解。我曾经告诉我妈妈，西尔堆斯特·史泰龙工作10周挣1200万美元，“那他在一年其余的日子里干什么呢?”她问。 [2] 我把父母的工作道德观带入了我在故乡马萨诸塞州安多佛镇附近的威尔明顿镇福特汽车专营店干的第一份工作。那时我16岁，学期当中我干活干到五、六点，暑假期间则每天干12个小时。我干的是汽车清洁小工的活儿，也就是清洗，抛光等事，并确保纸地板垫的位置合适。还有一项职责是在夜里将汽车轮毂盖取下来以免被偷，第二天再还回原处。这是一项很费劲的工作，因为我们有占大约7英亩地的汽车。 [3] 一天，我抱着一大捧毂盖转过一个角落，几乎与我们新任总经理撞了个满怀。我吓了一跳，结果把毂盖全掉在了地上。他当场就解雇了我。 [4] 我羞愧万分，不愿让父母知道这件事。大约有两周的时间，我每天都忙到晚上，然后我会回家说工作干得很愉快。

[5] 走投无路之下，我写了一封信给亨利·福特二世，告诉他所发生的事情。我说我们家是福特车的忠实用户，并说我长大成年后打算买一辆野马车。最后，汽车专卖店的店主给我打来了电话。“我不知道你在底特律认识谁，”他说，“但如果你还想要回你原来的工作的话，这工作就归你了。” [6] 后来在大学期间，我想在一家劳斯菜斯(罗尔斯—罗伊斯)的专营店干活，但店主说他们不缺人。即便如此，我还是开始在那儿清洗汽车。当店主注意到我时，我说我会一直干到他雇我。最后他真雇了我。 [7] 成功需要毅力。态度也很重要。我从不认为我那时比其他任何人强，但我一直相信我当时干的活别人都赶不上。 出纳员 [1] 第一次与我祖母坐在她位于曼哈顿的药店的现金出纳机后时，我l0岁。不久之后，她就让我一个人坐在那儿。很快我就知道了礼貌对待顾客以及说“谢谢”的重要性。 [2] 起初我的报酬是糖果，后来我每小时得到50美分。每天放学后我都工作，暑假、周末和假期则从上午8点干到下午7点。我父亲帮我在银行立了一个账户。看着存款数增加比我当时本可以买到的任何东西都更让我满足。 [3] 祖母是一位严厉的监工，从不给我任何特殊照顾。她像鹰一样注视着我的一举一动，不过却放手让我应付象在午餐高峰时干活这样压力很大的场面。她的信任教会了我如何对待责任。

研究生英语答案重点小结知识交流

研究生英语答案重点 小结

第一课※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※ 1.It is one of the paradoxes of social intercourse that a compliment is much harder to respond to than an insult. 在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。 2.Here is an area of small talk where most of us act awkwardly. 闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。 3.Someone utters a pleasing, praiseful remark in our direction and we grow inarticulate and our kneecaps begin to vibrate.有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。 4.I can’t even accept with grace a compliment bestowed upon me for a thing that isn’t really mine. 如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。 5.The nearest I ever came to downright acceptance of this particular compliment was the time I said, “Well, we like it.” 我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。” 6.carried away by th e vastness of his complimentary remark, a woman said, “Well, we like it.” 一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。” 7.I think we make a mistake when we react to a compliment with denial and derogation. 我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。 8.The situation here is much the same as the one regarding my view. 这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。 9.I know a man who has put his mind to this problem and come up with a technique for brushing off praise.He employs a sort of unreasonable realism. 我认识一个潜心研究这种问题的人，他想出了一个办法来避开别人的表扬。他采取了一种不近情理的现实态度。 10.I don’t think this fellow is on the right track. 我想这个家伙回答的方式有问题。 11.This sort of thing, the witty reply, ought to be placed under government regulation. 这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的规定之中。 12.That one, I thought, was more than passable. But for every genuinely clever retort there are a thousand that fall flat.It takes a Dorothy Parker or a George S. Kaufman to handle the quip comeback with skill.