英语翻译参考资料
1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（theTang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. InChinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, whichcould drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history ofmore than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was alreadyintroduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the liondance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom wherepeople could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国
企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
Chinawill develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world,which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reformand opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseasenterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored greatachievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises withtheir growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government willcontinue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the furthercooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.
3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy showsthat Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes.According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from thebasic necessities of life to leisure,
comfort and personal development.Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt tosocial development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfypeople’s demand for an improved quality of life.
4、端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duanwu Festival, also called the DragonBoat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was aloyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to thestate but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. Forthousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings anddragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are manyrivers and lakes.
5、2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里
的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。
On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousandschool children and their teachers across China watched a science lessontaught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessonswere a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations,she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment onEarth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledgeand interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China. 6 、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十
九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。
Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome ofmodern China.Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architecturalstyles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become aworld-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city revealsmany glimpses of its colorful past.
Hiddenamongst the skyscrapers are remains of theoriginal Shanghai.They keep on showing how Shanghai has beendeveloping fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in thelate 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.
7、近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们
为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。
In modern times, Asiaexperienced twists and turns in its
development. To change their destiny, thepeople of Asia have been forging ahead in anindomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia'sdevelopment achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of theindustrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asiaare fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of developmentthat is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation.Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that arein line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have openedup bright prospects for economic and social development.
8、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。
Smoking does great harm to human and itsgravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, andincreases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about theprevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induceddiseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health
Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking isimpossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feeltortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smokingis harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse toothers as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptationof tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists,he’ll be rewarded. 9、越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。
An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good com mand of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job
market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China,where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its richcultural heritage.
10、我赞同许多东亚学者的观点，东方文明可以医治盛行于西方世界的一些顽疾。西方世界个人自由主义泛滥导致了极端个人主义，性关系混乱以及过度暴力行为，对此我们不能视而不见。相反，东方社会的自我约束力，集体责任感以及温厚儒雅的传统倒可以消除西方社会的许多恶疾。在这个信息时代，世界已缩小成一个地球村。这个地球村里，不再有什么泾渭分明的东方世界和西方世界，我们是生活在同一个社区里的邻里。因此，我们彼此之间无需冲突。我们之间的关系应该是一种友好合作、平等互补的关系。我们应该相互理解，相互学习，和睦共处。
I share the same view with many East Asianscholars that the Oriental civilization can heal some of the prevailing,stubborn Western ills. We should not turn a blind eye to the fact thatindividual freedom has gone overboard in the West, resulting in extremeindividualism, sexual promiscuity and excessive use of
violence.// By contrast,self-discipline, corporate responsibility and the pacific tradition of East Asiacan offset many Western vices.// At this age of information, the world has shrunkas a global village in which there will be no clear-cut worlds of the East and theWest any more, but a world of one community with neighboring families.// Therefore,we do not necessarily have to come into clash with each other. Our relationshipis one of friendly cooperation, equality and mutual complementarity and therefore,we should understand and learn from each other, and live in harmony.//
11、国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利，各国追求各自的利益是正常的，出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是不可避免的。关键要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。// 就中美贸易而言，互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。今天，美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4 万家，投资额达450 亿美元。// 美国500 强企业有400 多家进入中国，大多数企业获利丰厚。与此同时，在美国市场上，许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000 家。// 我们可以预见，中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显，但是中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。主要有两个原因，其一：中美贸易具有很大互补性。其二：中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。// Equality and mutual benefit is thefundamental principle of international trade. Therefore, it is normal thatcountries will seek to
protect their own interests, which may lead to trade frictionsand disputes. The key lies in how to cope with these issues correctly in a cooland wise manner.// As for China-US trade, mutually beneficial and win-win tradeand economic ties have delivered tangible economic benefits to the two peoples.Now, with over 40,000 U.S.- invested enterprises, the total investment in Chinastands at $45 billion.// Of the top 500 U.S companies, more than 400 have theirbusiness in China, and most of them are making handsome profit. At the sametime, many Chinese commodities have become favored choices of American consumers.Meanwhile, the number of Chinese-invested enterprises in the United Sates hassurpassed 1,000.// We predict that trade disputes between China and the United Stateswill become more acute along with the further development in bilateral trade andeconomic cooperation. The overall development in bilateral trade and economic cooperationis, however, irreversible. There are two factors contribute to this trend.Firstly, the Sino-U.S. economic and trade relations enjoy complementarities in vastfields. Secondly, Chinahas an outstanding labor cost advantage.//
12、中国国际出版集团是中国最大的、最权威的外语出版发行单位，其前身是中央人民政府新闻出版署国际新闻局。// 我集团坚持“让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国”的出版原则，全心致
力于中国外语教育与研究事业的发展，全心致力于中外文化交流事业的拓展。// 为了加强对出版人才队伍的建设，为了满足日益增长的特殊出版业务的需要，我集团每年都要选派一些青年员工到国内外知名高等学府和研究机构进修，// 根据我们的发展战略，我们会将前进的步伐迈出国界走向世界，瞄准海外读者群，这一战略已取得了良好的开局。//
The China International Publishing Group isthe largest and the most authoritative foreign language publishing anddistribution establishment, its predecessor being the International PressBureau of the Central People's Government Press and Publication Administration.//Adhering to the publishing philosophy of “assisting China's march to the worldand facilitating world's understanding of China”, the Group c ommits itselfentirely to promoting foreign language education and research in China and advancingcultural exchanges between China and foreign countries.// In order to build upa strong team of publishing staff, as well as to meet the growing need of more technicallydemanding business, the Group makes it a rule that young staff be selected andsent to noted universities and research institutions, both domestic and overseas,for further studies.// As is clearly spelled out in our new development strategy,we will go beyond our national boundaries and wedge ourselves into the worldcirculation market, aiming at the
international readership. Our initial effortshave been very rewarding.//
13、改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。
As China is rising as a political andeconomic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, moreand more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to aConfucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learningChinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, thelearners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilizationis so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities tolearn about Chinese philosophy, art,
architecture, medicine and cateringculture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerablecivilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the lifeand world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentumand is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and moreAmerican learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in kongfu films,fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng,gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinesecultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school ofthought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.//
14、上海菜系是中国最年轻的地方菜系，通常被成为“本帮菜”，有着400多年的历史。同中国其他菜系一样，“本帮菜”具有“色，香，味”三大要素。//上海菜的特点是注重调料的使用，食物的质地和菜的原汁原味。其中最著名的有特色点心“南翔小笼”和特色菜“松鼠鲑鱼”。//“南翔小笼”是猪肉馅，个小味美，皮薄汁醇。“松鼠鲑鱼”色泽黄亮，形如松鼠，外皮脆而内肉嫩，汤汁酸甜适口。//在品尝过“松鼠鲑鱼”之后，我们常常惊讶于“松鼠”的形状，觉得在三大评价标准上在添加“形”这个标准才更合适。//
Shanghaicuisine , usually called Benbang cuisine, is the youngest among themajor regional cuisines in China,with a history of more than 400 years. Like all other Chinese regional cuisines,Benbang cuisines takes “color, aroma and taste” as its essential qualityelements.//Shanghai cuisine emphasizes in particular the expert use ofseasonings, the selection of raw materials with quality texture, and originalflavors. Shanghaicuisine is famous for a special snack known as Nanxiang Steamed Meat Dumplingsand a special dish called “Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish”.//Nanxiang SteamedMeat Dumplings are small in size, with thin and translucent wrappers, filledinside with ground pork and rich tasty soup. Squirrel-Shaped Mandarin Fish isyellow-colored and squirrel-shaped, with a crispy skin and tender meat, allcovered with a sweet and sour source.//After tasting Squirrel-Shaped MandarinFish, we are always amazed by the squirrel shape and think that it is moreappropriate to plus “appearance”as the fourth element. 15、美国人强调效率、竞争和创造性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德的自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种
思想强调整体和谐。现在，中美联系比以往更加密切，中国人学学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。American people emphasize efficiency,competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to carefulplanning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among teammembers.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chineseteachers like to lecture in class,and a lot of them are obsessed withexaminations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and arehappy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to Americanpolitical, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moralautonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism,which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chineselearn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exerciseKung Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion hasbeen performed on Broadway.//
16、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，他会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。为了更好地推广武术运动，
使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术者们既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。
Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can betraced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As weall know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’t belong to the nation alone andit will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// TheChinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have beenworking very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closerto the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and internationalstandard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu isattributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrantChinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generationshave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as self-defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on newlands. Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and
amateursare on the increase with each passing day. 17、香港中文大学，简称“中大”，成立于1963年。中大是一所研究型综合大学，以“结合传统与现代，融汇中国与西方”为创校使命。40多年来，中大一直致力于弘扬中国传统文化，坚持双语教育，并推行独特的书院制度，在香港教育界卓然而立。中大校园占地134公顷，是世界上最美丽的校园之一。中大的师生来自世界各地。有教职员工5200多人，近万名本科生，约2000多名研究生，其中约2500多人来自45个不同的国家和地区。中大实行灵活的学分制，不仅有助于培养有专有博的人才，而且还赋予学生更大的学习自主权。中大的多元教育有助于充分发挥每一个学生的潜能。The Chinese University of HongKong ,CUNK for short,was founded in 1963.It is a research-oriented comprehensive university with a mission to combine tradition with modernity and bring together China and the West.For more than 40 years,we have been distinguished from other local universities by virtue ofour rich Chinese cultural heritage, bilingual education, and our unique college system.134 hectare campuses in the world. CUNK’ s f aculty and students come from all corners of the world. It has more than 5200 staff members,approximately10,000 undergraduates, and 2000 postgraduate students. Of these students, some2,500 are from 45 countries and regions outside Hong Kong.//The flexible creditunit system allows a balance between depth with breadth,
and a high degree offree choice of students in designing their own learning. The multi-facetededucation at CUHK helps to bring out the best in every student.//
18、过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界40%以上的人口，即20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来25 年全球人口将有60 亿增长到80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有6000多种左右，高等植物3万多种。
Sea level rose and forest were destroyed atan unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmentalproblems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species,damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed aserious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to oneof the serious problems, namely, water shortage. P resently, more than 40% ofthe world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. Itis predicted
hat with the global population expected to increase from sixbillion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmentalprotection stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confrontedwith the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment.Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promotingits overall modernization program, made environmental protection one of itsbasic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of environmental protection work. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6000 vertebrates alone and 30000 species of higher plants.
19.为了切实保护儿童权益，中国的立法、司法、政府各有关部门以及社会团体都建立了相应的机制，以监管。实施和促进保护儿童事业的健康发展。中国政府动员社会采取多种方式关心和帮助残疾儿童的成长，大力弘扬残疾儿童自强不息的精神，倡导团结、友爱、互助的道德风尚。中国民族素有“携幼”、“爱幼”的传统美德，中国古语“幼吾幼以及人之幼”流传至今。我们要在全社会倡导树立“爱护儿童，教育儿童，为儿童做表率，为儿童办实事”的公民意识，并努力为儿童事业的发展创造良好的社会条件。To effectively protect children’s rightsand interests, china’s legislation, judicial and government departmentsconcerned as well
as non-governmental organizations have set up correspondingmechanisms to supervise, facilitate and promote the healthy development of thework on protecting children.// The Chinese government has done a great deal tomobilize various circles in society to care for, in various manners , thedevelopment of disabled children, to greatly encourage the spirit of unceasingself-improvement among physically disadvantaged children and to advocate thevalued social virtues of unity, friendship and mutual aid.// The Chinese nationhas long cultivated the traditional virtues of “bring up the young” and caringfor the young”. An old Chinese saying that “love our children and love others’children in the same manner” is still very popular.// We should urge thesociety at large to raise the awareness of importance of “protecting andeducating children, and setting a good example and doing practical thing for children.” We will spare no efforts to create favorable social conditions for the progress of child development programs.20.泰山的每个季节都有独特的魅力。春天，绿茵茵的山坡上，争奇斗艳的花朵到处可见。夏天泰山的雷暴雨堪称奇观。秋天，枫树叶漫山遍野，蔚蓝色的河水川流不息。冬天，雪盖群峰松披霜，景观素雅悲壮，别有一番情趣。喜逢艳阳日，极目远眺，重峦叠嶂，尽收眼帘。但遇天阴时，环顾四周，苍茫大地，尽入云海。泰山的日出与日落，闻名遐迩。壮
新视野大学英语翻译答案
汉译英 Unit1 1.无论你是多么富有经验的演说家，无论你做了多么充足的准备，你都很难在这样嘈杂的招待会上发表演讲。（no matter how） No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech ，you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception. 2.就像吉米妹妹的朋友都关系吉米一样，吉米也关系他们（just as） Just as all his sister ’ s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them 3.汽车生产商在新车的几处都印有汽车识别号码，以便帮助找回被盗的车辆。（track down）Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles. 4.老师回来时你敢告我状的话，我就不再和你说话了。（tell on） If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more. 5.有些老年人愿意独自过日子，但大多数老人选择和儿女一起生活。（on one’s own） Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children. 6.现在需要面对的事情是：如何筹集创建公司所需的资金。（reckon with） Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. Unit2 1.被告是位年仅30岁的女子，她坚持称自己无罪 The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence. 2.总体看来，枣、豆类以及一些多叶的绿色蔬菜是最好的铁质来源。 All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron . 3正餐时不供应饮料，饮料会影响消化。 No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion. 4.考虑到那个地区受欢迎的程度，提前订旅馆是明智的。 Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. 5.服药后若有呕吐感，请立即停止服用并立刻咨询医生。 If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible. 6.总结这次讨论时，他说双方都要好好考虑怎样以最有效的方法来解决这一问题。 Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem. Unit3 1.在思维方面，与他的行为一样，他是非常传统的。 In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional. 2..教师一旦同意接受新的教学计划，他们就得面对新计划所带给他们的压力。 Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them. 3.从长远看，大学毕业后继续深造而不是直接参加工作是值得的。 In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one ’ s study after graduatin g from university instead of going to work directly. 4.由于这所学校的办学宗旨是品德第一，所以道德观和学习成绩受到同样的重视。 As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally. 5.据说，原定于这个月召开的会议将推迟到下个月召开。
英语翻译概论
翻译概论 Warming-up exercises: Translate the followings 1 You are what you think 2 Your abilities count, but the belief that yo u can succeed affects whether or not you will. 3 It’s a pattern of thinking learned at your mother’s knee. I翻译的定义 1.Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. 即“将一种语言的篇章材料替换为与之对等的另一种语言的篇章材料”。翻译是运用一种语言把用另一种语言文字所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。它是一门科学，具有描述性；同时它也是一门艺术，因为它具有创造性。
II翻译原则或标准：严复理论 1 信(truthfulness/faithfulness)：忠实原文（对原文的思想不歪曲也不要任意增减；对原文的风格不随意改动，即粗糙的不译成高雅，口语体不译成书面体） 2 达(expressiveness)：语言通顺畅达（译文应该按照译语的语法和习惯来遣词造句；译文避免生搬硬套，应该通顺流畅） Eg . John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game. 约翰值得信赖。他忠诚而正直(守规矩)。 3 雅(elegance)：文字古雅/ 切（closeness） 总之，做英译汉时，按中国人的说话思维方式，把内容用通俗的汉语顺畅地表达出来；反之亦然。 1. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to have much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
英文翻译练习作业
英文翻译练习（一） The status of Philosophy in Chinese culture has always been regarded as a comparison with that of religion in other cultures. In China, Philosophy is the concerned field by each educated one. Long time ago in China, a person would firstly accept enlightened education in Philosophy if he could be given education. Children should read the Analects, Mencius, The great Learning, The Doctrine of mean once they entered school. The Four Books were regarded as the most important documents after Song(regarded as “new Confucianism”in west).When children began to learn words, the commonly used textbook is Three Words, in which every three words a group, every six words one sentence, and the even sentence rhyme has rhyme, easy to read aloud and easy to remember. In fact, this book is used to learn words for Chinese children. The first sentence of Three Words “Man’s nature is good at birth.” Is the basic idea of philosophy of Mencius.
翻译理论概述
翻译理论知识 一、翻译的定义 学习一门新的学科，首先必须有一个科学的定义。翻译是一个包罗万象、博大精深的技艺，至今也没有一个统一规范、举世公认的定义。我们只能综合各种不同的定义来掌握翻译的本质。 1. The Definition of The Oxford English Dictionary To turn from one language into another. 2. The Definition of Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language To turn into one’s own or another language. 3. A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。（泰特勒，1790） 4. Translation consists in reproducing in receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language , first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.翻译就是在译入语中再现与原语的信息最切近的自然对等物，首先是就意义而言，其次是就文体而言。 （奈达，1974） 5. 翻译是用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基，1980） 6. 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知、促进社会文 明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。（孙致礼：2003） 7. 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 （王克非，1997） 二、翻译的分类 翻译分不同的类型。就文本而言，随着世界发展的全球化趋势，翻译的范围越来越广，涵盖各个领域，如文学、政治、文化、贸易、科技、传媒等。在这个意义上，翻译可分为文学翻译、科技翻译和实用文体翻译。 1.按语言分类：本族语译成外语、外语译成本族语/ 语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation） 2.按活动形式分类：笔译（translation）、口译（oral interpretation） 3按翻译材料的文体分类：应用文体翻译、科技文体翻译、文学作品翻译、政论作品翻译 4按处理方式分类：全译、节译、摘译、编译、译述 三、翻译的标准 翻译标准就是指翻译实践时译者所遵循的原则，也是翻译批评家批评译文时必须遵循的原则。翻译是一种社会活动，翻译标准则是从中产生的。由于社会活动受制于社会条件及译者个人等等因素，因此翻译标准也就打上了深深的社会和译者的烙印。 在我国持这一翻译原则的有玄奘、严复和鲁迅等人。玄奘是唐代著名的佛经翻译家，主张翻译"既须求真又须喻俗"(A good translation should be both faithful to the original and intelligible to the public.)，意即译文要"忠实通顺"。严复是我国清末时期的名学者。他在《天演论》(译例言)(1898)中提出了"信达雅"三字标准(faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance)。"信"是"意义不背本文"，"达"是不拘原文形式，尽译文语音的能事以求原意明显。"信"、"达"互为照应，不可分割开来。"雅"在今天看来是不可取的，因为这个"雅"是用汉以前字法句法，即所谓的上等文言文。鲁迅先生认为："凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然力求其易解，一则保存着原作的丰姿。"这就是说，译文既要信又要顺(both faithful to the SL and smooth in expression)。我国当代翻译理论家张培基等人在其《英汉翻译教程》中所提出的"忠实"、"通顺"标准也属此类型。从
英语翻译作业
安乐死（个案研究） 达克斯柯沃特 在一次严重的汽车爆炸事故之后，达克斯柯沃特就一直忍受着身体被强烈灼伤的痛苦。他说：“我承受着如此剧烈的痛苦以至于在事故爆发前的几个月我就已经不想再活下去了”。在此后长达数十年的痛苦治疗中，达克斯反复要求他的医生，亲人，朋友帮助他结束他痛苦的人生。达克斯失去了双目和双手，但是其他的身体器官还是健康的，目前，他正在从事律师的工作。他始终坚信，他安乐死的要求被拒绝是错误的，鉴于此，一个有关本案的包括达克斯本人，他的医生以及他的朋友和家庭成员在内的互动小组正在被建立起来。 戴安娜普瑞特 戴安娜普瑞特患有运动神经元疾病，而且面临着一个她并不想面对的痛苦的死亡。她说，“我想在我的家人的陪伴下，选择一种快速的，没有痛苦的死亡方式”。她向英国法院进行呼吁，不过没有成功，最终，欧盟人权法院允许她的丈夫对她进行安乐死。 杰克科沃基安医生 因为拍摄快要死亡的病人的眼睛，科沃基安医生赢得了“死亡医生”的称号。在他以后的职业生涯中，他开始为病患提供“死亡指导”，当绝症患者意识到他在帮助人们安乐死的时候，越来越多的人们开始来到他这里，尽管有一些失败的诉讼案件，但是科沃基安医生还是帮助了超过130人实施了安乐死。 科沃基安医生认为仅仅帮助他人去死是不够的，他杀死了一个叫托马斯的人，并把他的死亡过程拍摄成了一部六十分钟长的纪录片，最终，他在自己的工作室被铺，并且由于在法庭上他没有成功的对自己的行为进行无罪辩护，他被判处10-25年的有期徒刑，他在2006年成为末期与C型肝炎病患者，并要求被赦免。 以上内容来自BBC网站 案例一：托尼布兰德，1989年 当约克郡Airedale 医院的医生们要求高等法院准许他们撤销安插在
新视野大学英语第三版第一册课后翻译答案.doc
新视野大学第三版book1英语课后翻译答案 Unit1 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人们主要通过后来的一些古典作家的叙述，尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analectshas had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years’traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius’thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community. Unit2 圣诞节是一个被广泛庆祝的文化节日，全世界有许许多多的人在12月25日庆祝这一节日。它是为了纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。该节日最早可追溯到公元336年。渐渐地，这一节日演变为一个既是宗教又是非宗教的节日，越来越多的非基督徒也庆祝圣诞节。如今，圣诞节在全球被作为一个重大的节日和公共假日来庆祝。不同国家的圣诞节风俗也各不相同。现代流行的圣诞接风俗包括交换圣诞贺卡和圣诞礼物、唱圣诞歌曲、参加教堂活动、摆放各种圣诞装饰品和圣诞树、举行家庭聚会以及准备一顿特别的大餐。对小孩子们来说，这个节日充满了幻想和惊喜。据传说，圣诞老人会在圣诞夜从烟囱进入每户人家，给乖巧听话的孩子带来礼物。由于圣诞节送礼物以及许多其他方面推动了基督徒和非基督徒的经济活动，圣诞节也因此成为商家的一个重大活动和主要销售季。 According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival-the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival, all expressing people’s love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.
英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述
考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象 adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速， n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获， Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进， vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce ）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称 advantage in ，守方所得则称 advantage out ） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数 vi.合计，共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近； vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理； n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的； vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论； vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生； vi.起身，起来，起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，认定, 臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职 Attempt n.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图 Augment vt.增加，提高，扩大； n.增加，提高，扩大 Availability n.可用性，有效性，实用性 Base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地 vt.把…建立在，以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的，行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系； vi.出枝，树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发
英语翻译作业
Americans are much more likely than citizens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy, i.e. Government by people selected according to merit. But this self-image is a fantasy: America actually stands out as an advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society’s lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the Western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts early: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kids to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. 美国人可能比任何其他国家的人都更相信他们生活在一个精英制度之下，人们推选的政府也是据其优势。然而，这个自我形象是一种幻想：作为先进国家，实际上美国的突出特点是出身至关重要，在这个国度里，来自社会底层的人几乎没有机会爬到社会中层，更不用说社会顶层。 如果你要问为什么实际上美国比其他西方国家都要阶级分明，主要原因就是我们的政府在创造公平机会方面的失败。 这种不公平很早以前就开始了：在美国，由于社会安全网存在漏洞，这就意味着低收入的母亲和他们的孩子完全有可能存在营养不良，得不到足够的医疗服务。孩子到了上学年龄这种情况也不会得到改观，他们所遇到的体制是富人可以送自己的孩子到资金充足的好的公立学校上学，如果愿意，还可以从送到私立学校上学，而穷人孩子接受的教育却非常差。
第1 课绪论--翻译概述(1)
第1 课绪论--翻译概述（1） 一、学科特点 翻译是一种跨越时空的语言活动，是"把一种语言已经表达出来的东西用另 一种语言准确而完整地重新表达出来"(范存忠："漫谈翻译"《翻译理论与技巧》 中国对外翻译出版公司，1985，p.80), 是"从语义到文体在译入语中用最切近而 又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息"（谭载喜：《奈达论翻译》中国对外翻译出版 公司，1984，p.10）。翻译虽为个体所承作，却是一种社会活动，一门综合性很 强的学科。它既有很强的理论性又有丰富的实践内涵。就前者而言，翻译经过千 百年来各国翻译家的共同努力，已经在语言学、文学、文化、心理学、人类学、 哲学和教育学等学科的基础上初步建立了一套理论体系，并在具体实践中总结出 了一套行之有效的跨文化和语言转换模式。随着科学的日益进步，这种体系和模 式正处在不断地完善之中。就后者而言，翻译是人类社会活动的产物，具有很强
的实践性。翻译理论与实践的关系是辨证的；翻译理论产生于翻译实践，反过来 又指导实践，实践转过来又丰富翻译理论。可以说，没有社会实践就不会有翻译 理论的产生；没有翻译理论作为指导，翻译实践就会难免走弯路。因此，学好翻 译既要重视翻译理论的学习，又要加强翻译实践；理论联系实际，这是我们学好 翻译的必由之路。 二、为什么可能有翻译 翻译是人类社会发展和进步的需要，因为人类社会要发展进步就需要在不同 文化的民族之间进行沟通，而这一全过程都离不开翻译。正如Steiner 和张培基 所说的那样：Translating it is that openeth the window, to let in the light; that breaketh the shell, that we may eat the kernel. (Steiner) 翻译是沟通各族人民的思 想，促进政治、经济、文化、科学、技术交流的重要手段，也是进行国际斗争的 必要武器。翻译是学习好外语的重要手段之一，也是探讨两种语言对应关系的一 门学科。(张培基等)
大学英语翻译答案
Unit1 1. 背离传统需要极大的勇气。(departure, enormous) {It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.} 2. 汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。(performance, bold) {Tom used to be very shy, but this time he was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience.} 3. 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 (creative, desirable) {Many educators think it desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.} 4. 假设（assume）那幅画确实是名作（masterpiece），你觉得值得购买吗？(worthwhile) {Assuming (that) this painting really is a masterpiece, do you think it's worthwhile to buy / purchase it?} 5. 如果这些数据统计上是站得住脚的，那它将会帮助我们认识正在调查的问题。(throw light on , investigate, valid) {If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.} Unit2 1) 该公司否认其捐款有商业目的。(deny, commercial) {The company denied that its donations had a commercial purpose.} 2) 每当他生气的时候，他说话就有一点结巴。(stammer) {Whenever he was angry, he would begin to stammer slightly.} 3) 教育是我们家庭最看重的传统，这就是为什么我父母从不带我到昂贵的饭店吃饭，却送我到最好的私立学校上学。(cherish) {Education is the most cherished tradition in our family. That’s why my parents never took me to dinner at expensive restaurants, but sent me to the best private school.} 4) 手术康复后不久，他失业了，因此经历了人生的又一个困难阶段。(shortly after, go through) {Shortly after he recovered from the surgery, he lost his job and thus had to go through another difficult phase of his life.} 5) 与我们的富裕邻居相比，我们的父母就相当穷了，但是他们总是努力满足我们最起码的需求。(affluent, minimal) {In contrast to our affluent neighbors, my parents are rather poor, but they have always tried hard to meet our minimal needs.} Unit3 1) 科学家们找到火星上有水的证据了吗？(proof) {Have scientists found proof of water on Mars?} 2) 计划委员会已经将建核电厂的可能地点缩小到了两个沿海城镇。(location, narrow down) {The planning committee has narrowed down the possible locations for the nuclear power plant to two coastal towns.} 3) 任何一个有尊严的人都不会一辈子依靠社会救济过活。(welfare)
英语专业文献综述
英语专业文献综述 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
Y i b i n U n i v e r s i t y 2015届本科毕业论文文献综述 题目_翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 二级学院外国语学院 专业英语 学生姓名简汝梦 学号年级 2011级 指导教师徐文英职称讲师 年月日 文献综述 翻译目的论指导下的英语介词汉译策略研究 Study on the Translation Strategies of English Prepositions Based on Skopos Theory 摘要：英语介词使用频率高，搭配能力强，含义灵活，因此在翻译中属于比较难以处理的一种词类。目的论论者认为翻译是有明确的目的和意图，在译者的作用
下，以原文文本为基础的跨文化的人类交际活动。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法。目的论的提出为英语介词的汉译提供了可靠的指导。本文将目的论引入到介词翻译中，认为在目的论原则的指导下，英语介词的汉译可通过加词、减词、分译、转译等策略来达到较好的翻译效果以及更好地实现翻译目的。 关键词：英语介词；翻译；目的论 导言：随着时代的发展，以及中国入世的大好形势的出现，汉语与英语在世界上似乎显得同等重要，所以将这两种语言互相转化是我们越来越重要的任务。在英语中，英语介词数量不多，但其构成的介词短语在英语中的出现频率很高，功能多样且位置灵活，对构成句子具有重要作用，因此对于英语介词的翻译策略问题一直深受广大翻译学者的关注。目的论以文本目的为翻译过程的第一准则，目的论者认为翻译是一种有目的的活动，目的决定了译者需要采用何种翻译策略和方法，即“目的决定论”。目的论的提出为英语介词汉译提供了有效的指导。因此，译者若能熟练掌握翻译目的和翻译方法，则能译出高质量的译文。鉴于此，本文先是阐述各大专家对于英语介词翻译以及翻译目的论的已有研究和探索，并结合笔者自己的观点加以评述；然后以此综述在翻译目的论指导下研究英语介词的汉译策略是个切实可行的手段；最后预测此观点的发展前景一定是光明受欢迎的。 历史发展：对于翻译目的论的发展历程，笔者在总结各前辈的资料中得出：在20世纪70年代，功能主义翻译理论兴起于德国，其四大代表性人物及其理论是: 凯瑟林娜·赖斯(Katharina Reiss)的功能主义翻译批评理论(functional category
(完整版)大学英语翻译答案-1
大学英语（B）1翻译练习参考译文 1、元宵节是春节后的第一个重要节日。元宵节的习俗在全国各地不尽相同，其 中赏花灯（lanterns exhibits）、猜灯谜、吃元宵等是几项最常见的民间习俗。据说， 吃元宵的习俗起源于汉代，唐宋时期开始盛行。如今，元宵已成为人们的日常饮 食之一，在超市一年四季都可以买到。 The Yuanxiao Festival is the first important festival after the Spring Festival. Although customs of the festival vary from region to region, the most common ones include appreciating lantern exhibits, trying to solve riddles written on lanterns, and eating yuanxiao. It is said that the custom of eating yuanxiao originated from the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Tang and Song periods. Nowadays, yuanxiao has become a food in people’s daily life, which is available in supermarkets a ll the year round. 8、如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好的工作。造成这一现象的原因如下： 首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科的学习上，只有当他们开始 找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的专业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也 越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。 Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons f or this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. 7、杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一，已有两千多年的历史。这个城市不仅以自 然美闻名于世，而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客（men of letters） 的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。一般来说，游览杭州西湖及其周边景 点花上两天较为合适。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。 Hangzhou, one of China’s six ancient capital cities, has a history of more than 2,000 years. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions. Besides many poems and inscriptions by men of letters through the dynasties, it also boasts local delicacies and pretty handicrafts. Generally speaking, a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist. As a tourist, you will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou. 6、说到中国古代的科技文明（civilization），人们自然就会想到“四大发明”，即 指南针、火药、造纸术和印刷术。这四种发明是古代先进科技的象征，具有重大 的历史意义。它们对中国古代政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用， 也对世界的文明进程产生了巨大影响。 Speaking of ancient Chinese civilization in science and technology, people will naturally think of the Four Great Inventions, namely the compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing. These four inventions are symbols of ancient China’s
翻译概述
翻译教程：翻译概述（1） | 发布时间: 2010年6月26日 翻译概述（1） 一、学科特点 翻译是一种跨越时空的语言活动，是"把一种语言已经表达出来的东西用另一种语言准确而完整地重新表达出来"(范存忠："漫谈翻译"《翻译理论与技巧》中国对外翻译出版公司，1985，p.80), 是"从语义到文体在译入语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息"（谭载喜：《奈达论翻译》中国对外翻译出版公司，1984，p.10）。翻译虽为个体所承作，却是一种社会活动，一门综合性很强的学科。它既有很强的理论性又有丰富的实践内涵。就前者而言，翻译经过千百年来各国翻译家的共同努力，已经在语言学、文学、文化、心理学、人类学、哲学和教育学等学科的基础上初步建立了一套理论体系，并在具体实践中总结出了一套行之有效的跨文化和语言转换模式。随着科学的日益进步，这种体系和模式正处在不断地完善之中。 就后者而言，翻译是人类社会活动的产物，具有很强的实践性。翻译理论与实践的关系是辨证的；翻译理论产生于翻译实践，反过来又指导实践，实践转过来又丰富翻译理论。可以说，没有社会实践就不会有翻译理论的产生；没有翻译理论作为指导，翻译实践就会难免走弯路。因此，学好翻译既要重视翻译理论的学习，又要加强翻译实践；理论联系实际，这是我们学好翻译的必由之路。 二、为什么可能有翻译 翻译是人类社会发展和进步的需要，因为人类社会要发展进步就需要在不同文化的民族之间进行沟通，而这一全过程都离不开翻译。正如Steiner和张培基所说的那样：Translating it is that openeth the window, to let in the light; that breaketh