最新-2018年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解精品

2018年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。

参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。

参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家补充：常考the first/second/… one to do sth

3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案：A分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。

参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States，_________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which，

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案：B分析：考的是同位语结构， a phenomenon是the decentralization of cities throughout the United States

的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。

参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊

区，这个现象更被促进了。

补充：accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语

5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. became

D. did he become

答案：A分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引

导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。

参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

6. _________，domesticated grapes grow in clusters，range in color from pale green to black，and contain

sugar in varying quantities.

A. Their botanical classification as berries

B. Although their botanical classification as berries

C. Because berries being their botanical classification

D. Classified botanically as berries

答案：D分析：句子的主语是grapes ，后面是平行结构grow…，range…，and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries 也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。

参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不

同数量的糖份。

7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.

A. a basic instrument

B. basic instrument

C. how basic an instrument it is

D. as an instrument is basic

答案：A分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词 a.and前为一简单句。

参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。

8. In instrumentalist philosophy，ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes：they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.

A. as they are

B. are they

C. there are

D. are

答案：A分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。

参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验

发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。

9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen，and most do both.

A. Working fire extinguishers

B. Fire extinguishers that work

C. Fire extinguishers work

D. The work of fire extinguishers

答案：C分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。

参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。

10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.

A. to purchase their own automobiles

B. their own to purchase automobiles

C. to their own purchase automobiles

D. own their automobiles to purchase

答案：A分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.

参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。

1. Frances Perkins，_________ of the United States cabinet，served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案：A分析：主语同位语结构。B中多了一个谓语was，因为后面已经有一个谓语动词served，一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错; C中who多余，用法也不正确;D中of whom多余，不是定语从句，考的是同位语结构。

参考译文：Frances Perkins，是美国内阁的第一为女性成员，她从1933到1945年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。

2. When _________ to dough and heated，carbon dioxide is released，causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

答案：D分析：When为状语从句引导词;语序应该为正常语序，A，C错;B语序混乱，明显应该用被动形式，

而且有固定结构add to.

参考译文：当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候，会释放出二氧化碳，使得面团涨开。

3. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations，geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案：B分析：to calculate，这里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的逻辑主语是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A 中只有主语，句子不完整。

参考译文：遗传学家运用概率的理论来计算在后代中拥有相似特点个体占有的百分比。

补充：如同A的形式，逗号前面就是一个名词短语，然而正确的句子里，名词短语要么作为主语的同位语，

要么本身是主语，如11题。否则就是脱离句子成分，成为错误。

4. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements，where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts，rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案：C分析：where引导状语从句，后面缺主谓。

参考译文：大型乐队爵士依赖于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音乐的乐器超过一个，而不是现声发挥。

5. Because of _________ diversity，seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案：D分析：those是泛指，这里应该用their来特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

参考译文：因为海藻们的不同特性，植物学家把他们分成7个不同的组别或分支。

6. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material，_________ of DNA and various types of protein.

A. consisting

B. as to consist

C. consist

D. which consisting

答案：A分析：分词作状语。如果用consist的话，应该用个conj.后面加个完整的句子。

参考译文：染色体现今被认为是主要的遗传物质携带者，这些遗传物质由DNA和各种各样的蛋白质组成。

7. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

答案：A分析：句中出现is和preys两个谓语动词，一定是个复合句;用that引导定语从句，pinniped为先行词，that后为不完整句。

参考译文：美洲虎海豹是仅有的捕食企鹅和其他海豹的鳍足类动物。

8. _________ “nova” means new，novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare

into brilliance.

A. That

B. Why

C. Although

D. It is

答案：C分析：空格后有2个完整句，空格处需要一个conj.

参考译文：尽管nova意味着新的，但其实新星们是存在了很久而突然闪耀出光辉的恒星。

9. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________，Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.

A. Earth is

B. is from Earth

C. what is Earth

D. is it Earth

答案：A分析：比较结构的对称性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun

参考译文：因为火星比地球离太阳要远，火星绕太阳转一圈的时间要比地球长。

10. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core

values of the group.

A. a complex network

B. how a complex network

C. a complex network and

D. a network that is complex

答案：A分析：缺宾语。B中的从句只有主语，句子不完整，错;C中and作为连词，后面缺谓语，错;D错，因为of前应该为名词。

参考译文：社会系统就是一个社会关系的复杂网络，这个网络里把成员的行为方式向核心价值观靠拢。

1. Bubbles，flaws，and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass，_________ the glass sparkle.

A. which making

B. and making

C. making

D. to making

答案：C分析：空格前的句子结构完整，这里的分词作状语。A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句，而句

中无谓语，错;B中and作为连接词，而and后的句子不完整，没有谓语，错;D错，不定式的结构应该是to do.

参考译文：气泡，裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开，使得玻辽练⒐狻?BR>补充：stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃

2. Fog is common near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones.

A. there are large

B. large

C. either large

D. where large

答案：B分析：A使得句中出现两个谓语动词，且中间无连接词，错;C应该是either…　or…结构，但句中没

有出现or;D中where引导的句子不完整，错。

参考译文：雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。

3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folk art makes it _________ valuable source of history.

A. and a

B. so that a

C. a

D. is a

答案：C分析：make结构，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.

参考译文：描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史来源。

4. _______ by the United States government's Bureau of Labor Statistics，the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.

A. To prepare

B. As it prepared

C. When preparation

D. Prepared

答案：D分析：由后半句可以知道句子的逻辑主语应该是Consumer Price Index，而且空格后是by，所以应该用被动形式，只能选 D.

参考译文：消费者价格索引是美国政府劳工统计部完成的，它把现在的物品价格跟以前的做了比较。

5. _________ carries the genes，which determine the hereditary characteristics of the cell or organism.

A. The chromosome

B. The chromosome that

C. Whereas the chromosome

D. There is a chromosome

答案：A

分析：该句是非限制性定语从句，前半句已经有谓语和宾语，缺主语，选 A.

参考译文：染色体携带了遗传物质，这些遗传物质决定了细胞和生物体的遗传特性。

6. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.

A. Carbon reacting

B. Carbon reacts

C. The reaction of carbon

D. When carbon reacts

答案：B分析：从句意来看，called在这里不是谓语动词，而是分词做后置定语：…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主语和谓语，选 B.

参考译文：碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。

7. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere，but if they are moving _________，they can form a crater on impact.

A. enough fast

B. fast enough

C. so fast enough

D enough are fast

答案：B

分析：enough的用法，固定顺序：adj.+enough

参考译文：陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来，但如果他们移动的足够快，他们能在撞击后形成一个大坑。

8. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland，an integral part of the endocrine system.

A. kidney which is

B. kidney is

C. kidney being

D. kidney

答案：B

分析：该句为简单句，而且使用了倒装形式，原句为：An adrenal gland，an integral part of the endocrine system

is located at the upper end of each kidney.

参考译文：肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分，它位于肾的上端。

9. About 75 percent of all cadmium is used for cadmium plating of _________ such as iron and steel.

A. easily corroded metals

B. metals are easily corroded

C. corroded metals that easily

D. how easily metals corroded

答案：A分析：B中的are多余，否则句中出现两个谓语，错;C中的that引导定语从句，而从句缺谓语，错;用法错误，of后一般接名词。

参考译文：75%的所有镉金属都用来对类似铁、钢的容易腐蚀的金属进行镉镀膜了。

10. An atom is a basic structural unit of matter，the smallest particle of an element _________ into chemical combination.

A. that can enter

B. can it enter

C. when entering it can

D. that enters can

答案：A分析：that引导定语从句，element为先行词。the smallest particle of an element 是 a basic structural unit of matter的宾语同位语。

参考译文：原子是物体的基本结构单元，是元素形成化学组合特性的最小的颗粒

1. All the major cities of the United States，________ the cities of the Great Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico，began as centers of trade.

A. and to include

B. which including

C. included

D. including

答案：D分析：两个逗号之间是插入语，这里分词作状语，不能用谓语动词。

参考译文：包括大湖区和墨西哥峡谷的美国所有主要城市都是以贸易中心的模式发展起来的。

2. Settled by English Puritans in 1630，Boston became _________ .

A. the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

B. the Massachusetts Bay Colony its capital

C. it was the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

D. so that the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

答案：A分析：缺宾语。B语序混乱;C中出现两个谓语动词，错;D中became 仍然没有宾语，so that 多余，错。

参考译文：波士顿在1963年被英国清教徒定址，并曾是马萨诸塞州湾殖民地的首都。

3. Navigators on ships and aircraft use a compass to determine _________ they are heading.

A. the direction in which

B. to where the direction

C. that direction of whic

D. where the direction

答案：A分析：空格前缺宾语，空格后是个完整的句子，只有B能满足。prep+which 作为介词宾语，后面接完整的句子。

参考译文：船和飞机的领航员通过指南针来确定他们航行的方向。

4. A condenser is a heat exchanger _________ steam or vapor loses heat and returns to liquid form.

A. what

B. in which

TOEFL语法讲解

1995年01月语法题 1. An underlying assumption of most market research is that people are continually _____ financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the most satisfaction. (A) making (B) and make (C) being made (D) having made 答案：A 测试点：谓语。 分析：that从句中有主语但谓语不全，选择(A)making与系词and组成进行时。 解题要点：continully和always等词常与进行时连用，表示“一贯如此”。 2. _____ tempera paint, the artist mixes dry pigments with water until the mixture resembles a stiff paste. (A) In preparation (B) The preparing of (C) To prepare (D) Prepared 答案：C 测试点：状语／不定式。 分析：逗号后为句子，逗号前为状语。动词不定式(C)作目的状语。 3. When two straight lines meet, _____ an angle. (A) it is formed (B) formed (C) they form (D) to form 答案：C 测试点：主谓结构。 分析：逗号前为when引导的从句，逗号后应是主句。主句主、谓语俱缺，应在答案 中选择主语+动词的形式，即(A)或(C)。(A)用了形式主语n，但空格后并无真正的主语部分。故选(C) 4. Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training to include genetics _____ supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools. (A) nor (B) and (C) while (D) if 答案：B 测试点：连词。 分析：空格前为主谓语完整的句子，空格后又出现一谓语动词，即全句有一个主语，两个谓语。这两个谓语动词之间应用and连接，故选(B)。(A)用于否定句;(C)后接句子或现在分词短语;(D)接从句。 5. _____ mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it is present only before birth. (A) Most (B) The most (C) Most of which (D) In most of the 答案：A 测试点：定语。

2005年01月老托福语法全真题及答案

更多试卷下载请访问：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3b11767791.html,/ 2005年01月托福语法全真题及答案 2005年01月语法题【改错部分】 1-15、选择部分省略 16. In the eighteenth century, quilting became a common technique in the American colonies for make of coverlets sewed in floral and geometric designs. 答案：C->改为making 测试点：介词＋宾语 分析：for doing sth 为了作某事，介词for后面不能接动词原型make，需要改成doing。 参考译文：在18世纪的时候，在被子上面绣花变成了一种常见的技术，用来在床罩上面绣花和几何图案。 除外。 18. Centrifuges are widely use to separate liquids having different densities or to separate solids from 参考译文：分液漏斗广泛用于吧不同密度的液体分开或者把固体和液体分开。 19. There is ample evidence of that about 700 million years ago, glaciers reached well into what are now tropical regions. 答案：B->改为that 测试点：定语从句 分析：定语从句的连接词that前面多了of，of只能出现在which前面

参考译文：有足够的证据表明，在7亿年前，冰山深入到达过现在的热带地区。 20. Mathematics is a tool that can help solve problems and lead to new developments in other fields, such as space flight, medical, and architecture. 答案：D->改为medicine 测试点：词性 分析：such as 后面接并列的形式，flight, architecture都是名次，medical是形容词，错误，改为medicine 参考译文：数学是用来帮助解决问题的工具，在其他领域可以带来新发展，比如飞行，医药和建筑。 21. The meter of the English poetry is determined by accented syllables rather by the quantities of vowels. 答案：C->改为rather than by 测试点：固定搭配 分析：并列结构by sth rather than by sth，后面的by可以省 参考译文：英语诗歌的节拍是由重读的音节决定的而不是由元音的数量决定的。 22. In the nineteenth-century United States, it was assumed that growth, change, and progressive derived mainly from individual effort and competition. 答案：B->改为progress 测试点：词性 分析：groth, change and______三个名次才能并列，progressive是形容词，词性不对 参考译文：在19世纪的美国，成长，改变和发展被认为是主要来源于个人的努力和竞争。 23. Swelling of the mucous membranes, cause by irritants, allergies, or infections, may block the nasal passages, making breathing difficult. 答案：A->改为caused 测试点：过去分词修饰 分析：句子的主谓分别是swell may block，中间的部分cause没有和may block用连词连接，说明是修饰成分，再看到by说明是被动，所以修改为caused by；making 是现在分词结构修饰动词谓语，没有错误。 参考译文：由刺激、过敏、或者感染带来的粘膜的肿大，可能阻塞鼻子内部的通道，带来呼吸困难。

TOEFL Junior语法题小托福语言形式与含义

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