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英语作文的十五大语言亮点

英语写作的十五大语言亮点总结

“动、时、被、气、非，名、代、形、副、介，成、定、状、倒、否”

一.动词

1、及物动词

I considered him a genius. / We found her a very suitable person for the job. （宾语加名词）

I felt something crawl up my arm.（宾语加不带to的不定式）

I felt my heart beating violently. / Don’t keep the line waiting long. （宾语加现在分词）

Everyone considered it greatly improved. / to make his voice heard. （宾语加过去分词）

I consider myself fortunate in being here with you. / Fear turned her pale. （宾语加形容词）

2、系动词（加形容词、名词或名词短语、副词作表语）

The weather continued nasty. / She turned pale.

I think she will make a good monitor, so……/ He proved a useful man.

We must be off now.

3、助动词

do强调/替代/倒装Do be careful! / Very seldom does she eat any breakfast. / He rose early, as he always did.

have三作用Having thought it over, John decided to help her. / The sun having risen, we commenced our journey. / I am glad to hear of your having succeeded.

should虚拟语气If he should call tonight, I shall show him this letter.

If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.

4、情态动词

should表强烈感情色彩Who should come in but the mayor himself. What should I find but an enormous spider.

They should have asked you before arranging this visit.

be to表计划、命令、禁止、发展的结果、征求意见、等于情态动词

They are to marry next month.

He is to stay here.

You are not to smoke in this room.

They are to fail.

Are we to hand in the exercises on Tuesday?

The twins are to be distinguished by their voices. / Those poor men are more to be pitied than blamed.

二.动词的时态

1、一般过去时,表主观设想。表“我想我该…了”“但愿…”“我宁愿…”

It’s time I went and picked up my little girl from school.

I wish I had four hands. / If only I had more time. / Don’t come and see me today, I’d rather you came tomorrow.

2、现在进行时,表感情色彩/表过程的开始或发展/经常重复/突出或描绘暂时性/婉转请求

表“他总是…”“…开始…”“他这次可…”“不知道能否…”

She is perpetually complaining.

We are all understanding the situation better now.

He is always distrusting his own judgment.

He is being very inconsiderate.

I’m wondering if you can help me.

3、过去进行时，承接之前的话语，表“我是说…”

As I was saying, we ……As I was telling you,……

4、现在完成时，表“是第几次怎么样了”

It’s the third time you have arrived late this week.

5、过去完成时,表未能实现的希望、愿望，表“我本来想/原来打算…，但…”

I had intended to check the temperature, but I ran out of time.

三.被动语态

1、有些动词只用被动语态He is reputed to be an advanced worker.被称为…

2、主动形式表被动语态This cloth washes well.

This book sells well.

The door won’t shut.

This poem doesn’t translate well.这首诗不好译。

3、汉语中有许多习惯用语，有的是“有人，人们，大家”作主语；有的是无主句；有的是“据悉，应该说，必须承认，由此可见等”，相应的英语句子应用被动语态。

曾有人提议It was suggested that…（注意必须用suggest的过去时）大家知道It is known to all that…

据推测It is supposed that…

据估计It is estimated/predicated/calculated that…

必须承认It must be admitted that…

由此可见It can be seen from this…

无可否认It cannot be denied that…

可以有把握地说It may be safely said that…

四.动词的语气（虚拟语气）

表假设逻辑，“假如或要不是”

Were I you, I should major in literature.

Had there been no electronic computers, there would have been no artificial satellites or spaceships.

Should you change your mind, no one would blame you.

表条件逻辑，“如果……，则……”

A few years ago, such an operation would have been unconceivable.

不定式To deny the fact would be absurd.

To see him do it, you would think that he is clever.

分词Sent from New York, the rocket would be in Tokyo in half an hour.

介词短语Without air, there would be no living things.

In the absence of ^_^science would not exist.

But for sunlight there would be no moonlight.

含有形容词作定语的主语A wise man would not do such a thing.

表转折逻辑，“不论、不管、无论……，仍然、依然……”

Whichever be the case, her sister’s situation remained the same.

Whatever be the consequence of my experiment, I am resolved to judge with my own eyes.

I must return to the city, no matter what dangers may lurk there. 表主观设想，“是…的时候了或现在该…了”It is （high）time we started.

表感叹或愿望“要是…”“愿…”“祝…”If only I had known. / Success attend you! / May the friendship between our two peoples last for ever.

五．非谓语动词

1、不定式

有些动词表被动时，仍用不定式主动语态The house is to let. / Nobody was to blame for the accident. / The reason is not far to seek. / The question is not difficult to answer. / John is easy to please. / There is no time to lose. / Houses are still to seek.

but作介词，表“只会/只能……”

They did nothing but complain.

There is no choice but to wait till it stops raining.

She seldom talked of anything except reading books.

独立成分

To tell you the truth, ^-^ To be frank with you, ^-^ To be fair, ^-^

不定式不带to的几种习惯用法

I’ve heard tell of him.

Let’s make believe we have a million dollars.

We mustn’t let slip such an opportunity.

There’s nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.

2、动名词

He admitted having done wrong.

a.动名词的完成式

b．带逻辑主语的动名词

Mary’s grumbling all day annoyed us greatly.

The problem is their not having enough time.

I object that being said about me.

c．动名词主动形式表示被动含义

表“需要或值得…”

This letter needs signing by the manager. / My Latin needs brushing up.

Your car urgently required seeing to. / He agreed that the matter wanted looking in. / The house wants cleaning.

Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.

The film is worth seeing once more.

It’s hardly worth troubling about.

表“无法…”

The beauty of the West Lake is really beyond describing.

The old watch is past repairing.

They are beyond reasoning.同他们真是无理可讲的。

3、分词

a.分词的否定形式

Never seen before in Tokyo, the giant panda at once became the center of attraction in the zoo.

Never losing faith in himself, James Watt went on with his experiment.

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside.

b.现在分词，表延续动作

Living in the country, we had few amusements.

表短暂的动作，“一…就…”

Arriving at the station, he found the train gone.

c.现在分词完成时，表时间和原因

Having failed to qualify as a doctor, I took up teaching.

d.现在分词的被动式

The building being repaired is our dining hall.

Being caught in the rain, he was wet to the skin.

They have intimate knowledge of the subject being investigated.

As we approached the village we saw new houses bing built. e.分词的句法功能-用作状语

表时间和原因“因为…，所以…”Born and bred a countryman, he wasn’t used to the life in town.

表条件和结果“以致于…”“如果…”It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our plan. / Given the opportunity, he would do the work without hesitation.

表结果时，一般有thus/thereby引导The strike closed the ports, thereby adversely affecting…对什么产生不利影响

表方式和伴随He entered the office, smoking a big cigar. Surrounded by a host of little boys and girls, the teacher ……f.分词的逻辑主语

Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.

Generally speaking, these towns are the most advanced in the area.

六．名词

作状语

I hardly slept a wink last night.

Serve the people heart and soul. / He buried himself body and soul in work.

Mondays I usually go to the library to read some magazines.

名词化用法

The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.

The professor’s brilliant explanation of the problem impressed ……

七．代词

a. such as

Take such as you need. / Such as you see is all we have. / Such girls as he knew were teachers. / Such a man as tells a lie is unreliable.

b. but表“没有…，不怎样的…”

There is no rule but has exceptions.

There is not one of us but wishes to help you.

Not a single person among us but supports the plan.

There are very few but admire his talent.

八．形容词

a.形容词的句法功能

(1)作宾语补足语I found the classroom very clean.

(2)作状语，表时间、原因、伴随情况或说明主语的情况

Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.表“因为…”Overjoyed, he dashed out of the house.

Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote. Sick and tired, she went to bed early.

The climbers returned, safe and sound.

He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.

形容词短语作状语，表“无论/不管…，都要/还…”

Rain or shine, We’ll go swimming tomorrow.

Believe it or not, he has been^-^

Like it or not, that’s the way the world goes.

Win or lose, you are always a hero in my heart.

b.形容词的级

表“非常/十分”He was more than pleased to do this for me.

表“和…同样不”…no more…/wiser/richer/bigger than…

He is no more skillful at swimming than you are.

表“并不比…更…”not more…/wiser/richer/bigger than

I am not more fond of playing poker than he is.

表“越来越…”He is getting fatter and fatter.

The more people you know, the less time you have to see them. / The more, the better.

形式肯定，但表否定

He is wiser than to risk his money in that undertaking.

You should know better than to go swimming straight after a meal.

表“最…”Never have I seem more beautiful scenery than this. / No student is so diligent as he.

表怎么得不能再怎么了

It’s as clear as clear can be.

The room is as dirty as dirty can be.

九．副词

1.句法功能

状语Honestly, I don’t trust him.

定语I saw him on my way home.

the way ahead / the then president / his home journey / the neighbor upstairs / the sentences below / the now generation

表语Time is up. / The examination is over.

宾主补足语I saw her out.

相当于名词Now is the time for class.

2.常用副词用其短语

I found him wide awake. / Old people are dreadfully afraid of death.

You are much/far too nice. / Jane feels far/much better now. Never have I seen a mountain about that high like this one.

He is all but dead.

I’ll do anything but that. / Nothing but a miracle can save him.

He did the job cleanly. / I’m terribly sorry that I clean forgot it. Study it closely: it’s very important. Let’s unite still more closely.

The bus stopped dead, which made…/ The lecture was deadly dull and boring.

十.介词

常用In accordance with your wishes, I have written to him.按照你的意愿……

With regard to your request for a refund, we have referred the matter to our main office.关于阁下请求退款之事，我们已转总公司办理。双重介词He is selected from among many students.

I took my watch from under the pillow.

分词介词Barring accidents, I’ll be there.除遇意外事故，我会……Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.

介词的比喻用法

We were all in the dark about it.

十一.句子成分

a.主语

It作形式主语It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.

It强调结构It is Mary who…/ It is not until…that

动名词短语作主语Their coming to our aid was a great encouragement to us.

His being a doctor helped hem to make friends with the neighbors quickly

b.独立结构（名词或代词+…）或用With引导

Time permitting, we shall start tomorrow.加现在分词

This sum added, we will have enough money for the trip.加过去分词

He entered the room, his nose red with cold.加形容词

She put out her hands, palms up.加副词

He went off, gun in hand.加介词短语

The two parties should first reach an agreement on the basic principle, the details to be worked out later.加动词不定式Thousands of boat people were drowned, many of them being

children.加名词

c.独立成分

感叹

呼唤

插入

十二.定语从句

1、特别限制性定语从句

than whom表“是最…的什么什么了”

He is a person than whom no one is more fit for this job.

I can imagine no one more courteous.

no else has a better right to speak about it.

We will give you such data as will help you in your work.

He was such a listener as most musicians would be glad to welcome.

I felt a weight at my heart such as I have never had before.

The girl is poorly dressed but as neat as could be.

But表“没有什么不能怎样的”

There are few of us but admire your determination.

Not a day went by but brought us news of yet another calamity.

There was not a man there but was moved to tears.

Hardly a man came to the exhibition but was deeply impressed by…

2、限制性定语从句

a、介词加关系代词

This is a man for whom I have immense respect.

This is the man to whom I referred.

The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable.

b、名词加介词加关系代词

I have a lot of English books a few of which I bought myself at…

3、非限制性定语从句，用于表“汉语里描述性作用的句子”

My father, whom I’d like you to meet one day, is ……

They came to the town, where they stayed for the night. Peter, with whom I played tennis on Sundays, was fitter than I was.

The house, at which I have often stayed, is just outside London. The new building divides into one hundred flats, each of which has three rooms.

I met the fruit-pickers, several of whom were university students.

Liquid bromine boils at 58℃, at which temperature it changes to …

They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. He opposed the idea, as could be expected.

4、有状语作用的定语从句（务必注意双向思考，由英到汉，又由汉到英。体会如何用英语表达汉语，如何用地道的英语表达汉语，如何使译出来的英语句子符合英语习惯。）

A、表原因A just cause which represents the interests of the world people enjoys an abundant support.由于正义事业代表人民利益，所以得到广泛的支持。

表时间I had the honour of seeing Chairman Mao, who visited Shanghai in 1959. 1959毛主席视察上海时，我荣幸见到了他。（理会其中的时间逻辑。）

B、表目的He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.他正在收集确凿的材料以证明他的论点。（理会其中的目的逻辑，当汉译英时，要意识到此用法。）

C、表结果He ate a fungus, which made him ill.他吃了一只蘑菇，结果病倒了。（理会其中的逻辑，如，当用英语表达汉语里表结果逻辑的句子时，是可以利用定语从句的。）

D、表条件He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

E、表让步Electronic computer, which have many advantages, can’t carry out creative work and replace man.电子计算机虽然有许多优点，但却不能……（理会其中的逻辑，如，当用英语表达汉语里表让步（虽然…但是…）逻辑的句子时，是可以利用定语从句此功能的。）

补：Life that is too short for the happy is too long for the miserable.

十三.状语从句

时间状语从句

Before本身含否定意味I will die before I’d surrender.

时间状语从句引导(用The+…或用副词)

The second he heard news, he rushed to the hospital.

Instantly/directly I arrived Beijing, I wrote him a letter.

1、地点，表“不论…”Wherever he may be, he will be happy.

2、原因，用since/as/now that/for the reason that/seeing that/for

引导

3、目的，虚拟语气,表“以免…”

He hid the money lest it should be stolen.

Better take more clothes in case the weather be cold.

He jotted the name down for fear that he should forget it.

4、结果

He said this in such a comical way that I could not help laughing.

May I bother you to such a degree that I can ask your opinion on this matter?恕我冒昧打扰…

They are such fine sons and daughters of the people that we all hold them in great respect.

5、条件on condition that/ suppose

He will take the job providing that you give him a large salary. As long as you are happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.

祈使句+and,表“条件与结果并存”“只要……就……”

Persevere and you will succeed.

Go among the people, and you’ll learn a lot.

6、让步“尽管…但是…”even though/if / no matter…/ whatever引

导

Granted that he had practical experience, he didn’t succeed in doing it.

Come what may, you’ll always keep a secret.

As引导,Object as you may, he will not change his mind.

Be引导，表“不管…”“无论…”

Be they easy or difficult, this method applies.

Be that as it may, we have nothing to lose.

And come again, be it by day or night.

7、方式as if/though

Tell it like it is.

Leave it as it is.

The dog was moving his tail as if to say “thank you.”

8、比较，“和…一样”

You know as much as I do.

We will give you as much help as we can.

Exercise is as good as a way as any to lose unwanted weight. 用no more than或not more than

十四.倒装

语法结构需要的倒装

a、非真实条件句中,表“假如…”“要是…”

Were I you, I would die.

Had you informed us earlier, we would have taken necessary steps.

Should the weather be wet, the meeting will not be held.

b、让步状语从句中，表“虽然…但…”

部分倒装Fail though I did, I would n’t lose heart.

全部倒装Difficult as was the work, it was finished in time.

Disabled as was Paul, he tried his best to serve the people.

动词加疑问词加will/may表“无论…都…”

This is the policy upon which we will act, come what may.

Be the consequences what they may, I will not shrink from doing my duty.

Come when you will/ Go where you will / Run which way you will

Be置于句首时，表“不管…都…“

Be it cheap or dear, I will buy it.

Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.

c、比较状语从句中，表“越…越…”the more…，the more…

d、程度状语从句中，表“如此…以致于…”So monotonously did he speak that everyone left.

e、结果状语从句中，表“以致于…”So easy was the task that……

f、定语从句中，多用于翻译汉语描述性作用的句子

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. …two small hills, in the midst of which flowed a great river. She knew a little corner where was the seat beneath the yew tree.

1、出于修辞目的所需要的倒装

A、为了强调

Here comes Mary.

Now comes the best time for us to plant trees.

Then came the day we had been looking forward to.

There you are mistaken. Here she comes.

表方式和频度的副词或短语开头时，表“许多次…但…”

Often have I warned him not to go swimming alone.

Many a time has he give me good advice.

Often did we warn them not to do so.

Only位于句首时，表“只有…，才…”

Only in this way, can you hope to improve the present situation.

带否定意义的词或介词短语位于句首时，表“决不会…”“不管怎样都不…”

At no time/ by no means/ never/ hardly had/ In neither case can/ little did/ no sooner had/ on no account/ scarcely had/ seldom had/ under no circumstances/ in vain

In vain did we try to persuade her to give up her plan.

Under no circumstances would I agree to such proposal. Seldom had I seen such a remarkable creature.

On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals.

Never will I make that mistake again.

Not only句首时

Not only has he a first class brain but he is also a tremendously hard worker.

So/ neither/ nor / no more引起的句子

He didn’t come, nor did his classmates.

On either side are rows of apple trees.

Away went the car like a whirlwind.

B、为句子平衡

Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.

High above the city, on a tall column stood the statue of the Happy Prince.

Addressing the demonstration was a quite elderly woman.

十五.否定

1、全部否定Nothing is impossible if you work for it.

2、部分I’m not altogether satisfied.

3、半(不把话说绝)They are very few in number.

4、特指They want not your pity but your help. / Instances are too

numerous to list. / My gratitude for your help is more than I can express. / He was wiser than to have done such a thing. / He’d die of hunger before he would steal.

5、双重It is not uncommon / No one can read the story without

being moved to tears. / No pleasure without pain.

6、转移

7、延续He cannot even drive a car, let alone a truck.

8、含蓄They excluded me from entering the room. / Such a

chance was denied me. / I was denied satisfaction. / We are in complete ignorance of his plans. / His absence of mind…/ I am a stranger to love. / His plans ended in failure.

Free from anxiety, he led a very happy life. / He is far from honest.

We protested in vain.

But for your help I should have been drowned.

It is past my comprehension.

Bionics is all Greek to me.

I was at a loss how to do.

……is null and void.无效的

He turns a deaf ear to all warnings.

The plants died for want of water.

It is a wise man that never makes mistake.

9、加强

I’m not in the least afraid of his threats.

He is not the best person for the job by any means.

Without my teacher I should assuredly not be what I am today.

I don’t care a button about it.

Washing windows is the last thing that I want to do.

10、非否定意义

We can never be too polite to our guests.

You cannot be over careful.

We cannot over-emphasize the importance of physical exercise.

It’s impossible to overestimate its importance.

She was not her father’s child for nothing.

表“极其，极端”He was nothing if not clever.

表“完全是，正好是”That’s nothing less than a miracle.

补充：Nothing but表“只是…”

Anything but表“绝不是…”

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