高中英语必修五知识点

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高中英语必修五知识点Unit 1 Great scientists

一．重点短语

the music 面对命运对你的不公平

…into 吸收，理解接受，吞并

be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于

be lost in thought想得出神沉思于…

be engaged in 从事于…忙于

…

be concentrated on 集中注意力…

a suggestion

give an advice

make the investigation

into 调查看浏览

down 减缓

to 有关涉及

to 有关联系

(

out 灭绝；die of 死于；die from死于

career came to an end. 他的事业结束了。

a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病

a new career 创立新的事业

from 除了…

more example =another two另外两个

a face 做鬼脸

make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去

!

make up one’s mind下定决心

make friends

make the bed

make sure确定

make room for为...腾空间

to 领导

修饰主语不倒装，状语要倒装

If only 但愿要是

#

Only if只有...（要倒装）

only if you use this way can you … sense 有意义讲得通

in a sense 有点..

make sense of 搞清楚弄明白

in no sense 绝不；不可能

22. at times 时不时有时

At a time 每一次

~

From time to time 时而不时的

At one time 曾经一度

For the time being 暂时

Ahead of time 提前

All the time 一直

At all times总是随时

At any time 无论何时

At no time 决不

&

Out of time 不合时宜的

sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事

into 调查

ahead 向前看展望未来

look around for 参观四处看看

look away from 把目光…从移开

look back (at) 回顾回忆

look out (for) 留心当心

]

look up to 尊敬钦佩

look though 检查浏览

down 下降

down 慢下来放慢速度

down 击倒

down 拆毁拆除

about 了解；know of 听说过

sth from… 从…处传来, 传下

`

pass by 路过, 经过…

pass down 把…传下去

pass on 传递, 传授

37. the way of doing sth = the way to do

做某事的方法

forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 the way 顺便说

by way of …通过… 的方法

|

lose one’s way 迷路

no way 没门，别想

feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事

on one’s way to… 在去……的路上

in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法

away 抛弃;舍弃

put down 写下来; 记入名单

put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加

]

put off 耽误; 延期

put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭 (火)

put up 建立; 建造

put up with… 忍受…

expert at/in sth 某方面的专家

A to

B 使A暴露于B；A be exposed to B A 暴露于B

severe with/on sth 对……严格

to blame 应该受到责备

~

blame sb for sth 因……责备某人

blame sth on sb 把...归咎于某人

ease 舒适快活自由自在

ease off 减轻痛苦，紧张状态，缓和，放松

sb of sth 治好了某人的病

cure for sth 治疗…的方法

sb do sth= get sb to do sth

让某人做某事

）

have sb doing sth = get sb doing sth让某人一直做某事

二．重点语法----过去分词做定语和表语

is a widely used language.

threw away the broken cup.

is one of the schools built in 1980s.

of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;

。

过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。

spoken English

= English which is spoken

terrified people

= the people who are terrified

an organized way

= a way that is organized

affected area 灾区

》

= the area which is affected

stolen culture relics

= culture relics that had been stolen

the book recommended by the teacher

= the book which was recommended by the teacher

printed articles

= articles that are printed

1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语…

2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语

3) He got interested in the two theories. 表语

4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表语

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶)

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)

]

及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

polluted water

= water which is polluted

reserved seats

= the seats which were reserved

trapped animal

= the animal which was trapped

'

不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。

boiled water

= water which has boiled

fallen leaves

= the leaves which have fallen

risen sun

= the sun which has risen

;

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。

Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.

The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular.

The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.

The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve.

The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.

;

The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill.

The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt.

The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student.

The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.

The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的).

Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa.

The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.

①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。

?

②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。

③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。

first played in . = which was first played in 776 .

2）作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。

The window is broken. 窗户碎了。

Don’t get so excited. 别这么激动。

1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。

2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by 短语。

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① The glass is broken.

The glass was broken by Tom.

② The windows are closed.

The windows are closed by Jack.

3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,

surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。

① How did the audience receive the new play

They got very excited.

(

② How did Bob do in the exams this time

Well, his father seems pleased with his results.

③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.

④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.

现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别

现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．

现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．

a moving movie 感人的电影

，

a moved audience 被感动的观众

boiling water 正在烧(煮沸)的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水

developing countries 反展中国家

developed countries 发达国家

falling leaves 落叶(正在进行) fallen leaves 落叶(已经完成) The child standing over there is my brother.

[

The room facing south is our classroom.

The book written by Lu Xun is very good.

The road completed yesterday is leading to Tibet.

Unit 2 The United Kingdom

一．重点短语

your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛

of由…组成= be made up of；consist in 存在于

…

out省去不考虑遗漏

into 分成

A with

B 与…比

compare A to B 把A比作B

to 准备

out 做出解决设计出计算出锻炼开采完发展进行

work on对..起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于

work in 在…工作

#

work off 渐渐消除处理排除卖掉发泄

with熟悉

about the time available担心时间不够

a list of 列出关于…的清单

special occasions 在特殊的场合

four-hundred-year-old uniform

有四百年历史的制服

定语不加“s”

:

the world time设置世界时间

either side of the line 在线的两端

asleep入睡

delight 十分喜悦的

about 了解

be known as 作……而出名

be known for 因……而著名

as far as one knows据某人所知

】

the place of = replace代替= take sb’s place代替某人 take place 发生，举行

in place of = instead of 代替

one’s stand/ position 阐明某人的立场

clarify matters 澄清真相

over 苦思；

be in a puzzle about 对……不解；

人 puzzled；物 puzzling

：

in/come into conflict with 与…冲突/矛盾

unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事

sb. 吸引某人

attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力

around 参观，四处看

up 捡

二．重点语法----过去分词作宾补用法归纳

《

英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：

She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

一．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）

Don't leave such an important thing undone.

Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

二．过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。

1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"

eg: I have had my bike repaired.

The villagers had many trees planted just then.

B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"

Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

I raised my voice to make myself heard.

三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

He felt himself cheated.

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如

The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

I would like my house painted white.

I want the suit made to his own measure.

I wish the problem settled.

五、过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

With everything well arranged,he left the office.

六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

eg:He didn't notice me waiting.

I heard the song sung in English.

I saw him opening the window.

I saw the window opened.

I saw him open the window.

I heard her sing the song in English.

Unit 3 Life in the future

一．重点短语

+pain /lost 遭受疼痛

suffer from +illness

sb to do sth提醒某人做某事

a result单独放句首应道原因状语；as a result of =n./n(短语) -

unsettled 感到不安

unsettled problem为解决的问题

unsettled weather 易变化的天气

as 正当

the necessary adjustment to做必要的调整（to 介词）

back on one’s feet 恢复

small room nearby for a rest在一个附近的小房子里休息Nearby 做后置定语

/

In the neighborhood 在附近

down 向下按压

the safety belt 系上安全带

sight of 看不见在视野之外

first sight 初次看到乍一看

all directions =in every direction四面八方

up 席卷

sb into 带某人进入

…

made of 由什么制成

be made into 制成..

be made from由..所制成的用于原材料不易看出的场合

with 提供

a switch 按下按钮

…around 转变改变

the timetable 在时刻表上

if by magic 好像变魔术一样

、

into 滑进

into 偶遇撞上

the difficulties 克服困难

one’s mind/effort/thought to 集中..做

the rules 放宽规则通融

astonished at对..感到惊讶

to 联系

long passage 一个长长的通道

…

desert island 一个荒凉的小岛

to do 强迫

task实施任务

mind began to wander 我的思维开始遐想

greedy for对…渴望贪婪

in five days将来

five days late 之前

…

二．重点语法：过分作状语

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.

过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

Heated , water changes into steam .

The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .

-

1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句

Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …

2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同

时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。

When heated , water can be changed into steam .

Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…

3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句

Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given m ore attention ….

Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …

《

4 作方式或伴随状语

The actress came in , followed by her fans .

She sat by the window , lost in thought .

5 作让步状语

Much tired ,he still kept on working .＝（Alth ough he was tired ,) he ….

6 独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。

The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .

All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .

—

Rewrite with proper conjunctions

?Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.

1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

→When he was asked what had happened, …

2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …

3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.

：

If we were given more time,

4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.

Once it was translated into Chinese,

5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medicine,

6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

Although he was left alone at home.

；

现在分词与过去分词作状语

现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，；而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。

Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing .Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)

?选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：?Used for a long time, the book looks old.

?由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。

Using the book, I find it useful.

?在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用

%

注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态

2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构

generally speaking 一般说来

strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说

judging from 从…判断

all things considered 从整体来看

`

taking all things into consideration 全面看来

例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.

总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。（speaking 不是dogs 的动作）

Unit 4 Making the news

一．重点短语

；

out on a article 外出采访

the article 提交文章

with戴上

eager to do 期待做..

my skill更新我的技能

an amateur course 参加业余课程

all the information获得所有的信息

8. tell the whole truth 讲诉所有的事实

$

sb of sth 通知某人某事

in mind 记住

sure 确定

on 取决于…

trick of the trade职业诀窍

of 控告

goal得分进球

as to 为了

—

doing 拒绝

proved right 被证明是对的

forward to 期待

the old saying goes 就像我们所说的一样

of 前面

to work 开始工作

down to开始认真去做着手去做

sth to sb 把某物传给某人

>

the evidence 核对证据

good front page article 头版头条

the fact straight 直接得出事实

to 在…之前

surrounded by/ with 被…包围

sight of/ out of sight … 看不见

catch sight of / in s ight … 看见

at the sight of 一看（连词作用）

>

up 扫除, 打扫

off=turn off 关掉(电灯或电器)

switch on=turn on 打开

switch from A to B 由A转变为B

into 溜进（悄声地）

overcome by ( anger, grief) 被（感情）压倒 sb of sth 使某人想起某事

Vt. remind sb to do sth 提醒

:

remind sb that… 使想起

重点语法----倒装句

倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。

如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。

2. 倒装句的构成

a) 完全倒装

将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。

Are you from here 你是本地人吗？

Now comes the chance. 机会来了。

b) 部分倒装

只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：

Has he come 他来了吗？

Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。Only in this way can we do the work better.

【

只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。

3. 倒装的原因

a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如：

Did you attend the meeting 你参加会议了吗？

Long live peace! 和平万岁！

b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。

c）强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：

Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。

Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

4. 倒装句的基本用法

a) 构成疑问句（除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外）：

When are we going to drink to your happiness 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒？Have you seen the film 你看了那部电影吗

b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中: Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。

Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了！

c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:

Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。

d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等）放在句首时:

Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。

}

Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。

e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:

He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。

He has n’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。

f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:

Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。

2. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：

He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了，我也去了。

如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。例如：

His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。

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