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管理学第9版 练习题 附答案 3

管理学第9版 练习题 附答案 3
管理学第9版 练习题 附答案 3

Chapter 3 Organizational Culture and Environment: The Constraints TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS

THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?

1.In the symbolic view of management, managers are seen as directly responsible for an

organization’s success or failure.

2.The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests that managers are

omnipotent.

3.The view of managers as omnipotent is consistent with the stereotypical picture of the

take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle in carrying out the org anization’s objectives.

4.The symbolic view of management impact is useful in explaining the high turnover

among college and professional sports coaches, who can be considered the ―managers‖ of their teams.

5.In the omnipotent view of management, much of an organization’s success or failure

is due to forces outside management’s control.

6.In the symbolic view of management, it is unreasonable to expect managers to have a

significant effect on the organization’s performance.

7.In the omnipotent view of management, a manager’s role is to create meaning out of

randomness, confusion, and ambiguity.

THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE

8.An organizational culture refers to a system of shared meaning.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,anizational cultures influence how employees behave in an organization.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,anizational culture is a perception, not reality.

11.Presently, there is no method for analyzing or assessing organizational culture.

12.Strong cultures have more influence on employees than do weak cultures.

13.An increasing body of evidence suggests that strong cultures are associated with high

organizational performance.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,pensation structures are considered to be a primary dimension of organizational

culture.

15.Most organizations have very weak cultures.

16.An organization’s founder has little influence on its culture.

17.Rituals are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the key values

of an organization.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,anizational stories typically contain a narrative regarding significant events or

people.

19.Employee stock options are one example of a material symbol that might represent

organizational culture.

20.The link between values and managerial behavior is fairly straightforward. CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ISSUES FACING MANAGERS

21.A strong ethical culture is likely to have a powerful positive influence on employee

behavior.

22.Low risk tolerance generally leads to high ethical standards within an organization.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,panies that allow their employees freedom tend to encourage innovative cultures.

24.To encourage a customer-responsive culture, organizations should formalize and

enforce strict customer service policies.

25.Customer service employees tend to provide better customer service when they are

very clear about their employee roles.

26.To increase customer responsiveness, organizations should hire employees who are

outgoing and friendly.

THE ENVIRONMENT

27.The part of the environment directly related to achievement of an organization’s goals

is the specific environment.

28.The general environment refers to environmental factors operating inside an

organization.

29.Environmental uncertainty can be divided into two dimensions: degree of trust and

degree of integration.

30.Because certainty is a threat to an organization’s effectiveness, managers try to

minimize it.

31.The term suppliers includes providers of financial and labor inputs.

32.Industry conditions are an example of an organization’s general environment.

33.Economic conditions are part of the organization’s specific environment. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

For each of the following choose the answer that most completely answers the question. THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?

34.Which of the following represent the two views of managerial impact on the success

or failure of the organization?

a.omnipotent and symbolic

b.omnipotent and reflective

c.symbolic and interactive

d.reflective and interactive

35.The omnipotent view of management states that ________________.

a.the top manager is the only person in charge

b.managers are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure

c.that there is only one boss in the organization, and she or he is responsible for

delegating orders

d.managers have little or no responsibility for an organization’s success or failure

36.The __________ view of management is consistent with the stereotypical

picture of the take-charge business executive who can overcome any obstacle

in carrying out the organization’s objectives.

a.omnipotent

b.symbolic

c.functional

d.systems

37.Which of the following most accurately reflects the symbolic view of

management?

a.Managers are directly responsible for a n organization’s success or failure.

b.M anagers have little or no responsibility for an organization’s success or failure.

c.E xternal forces are directly responsible for an organization’s success or failure.

d.Employees are directly responsible for an organizati on’s success or failur

e.

38.Internal constraints that restrict a manager’s decision options _______________.

a.exist within every organization

b.do not exist, as all managers have decision-making discretion

c.exist only to the extent that upper management imposes them

d.exist only to the extent that followers won’t do as they are told

39.The current dominant assumption in management theory suggests _______________.

a. a balanced view of managers as symbolic and omnipotent

b.an emphasis on the view that managers are symbolic

c.an emphasis on the view that managers are omnipotent

d.that both the symbolic and omnipotent views are obsolete

40.According to the symbolic view, managers have a(n) _____________ effect on

substantive organizational outcomes.

a.neutral

b.controlling

c.limited

d.unlimited

41.Managers may be able to expand their areas of discretion by

_______________.

a.telling their employees what to do

b.changing and influencing their organization’s culture and environment

c.electing new government officials at the federal and state level

d.changing employers and working for a different boss

42.The symbolic view of management is based upon the belief that managers

symbolize _________.

a.control and influence

b.ambiguity and confusion

c.stakeholders’ interests

d.decisions of top management

43.In reality, managers are most accurately viewed as _________.

a.dominant over an organization’s environment

b.neither helpless nor all powerful

c.powerless to influence an organization’s performance

d.ultimately responsible for organizational outcomes

THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE

44.The culture of an organization is analogous to the _____________ of an individual.

a.skills

b.personality

c.motivation

d.ability

45.All organizational cultures consist of each of the following except _________.

a.shared values

b.principles

c.innovation

d.traditions

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,anizational culture is concerned with how members perceive the

organization, not whether they __________.

a.like the organization

b.like their peers

c.like their bosses

d.like their customers

47.Strong cultures _____________.

a.are found in organizations with high employee turnover

b.have a minimal influence on employee decision making

c.can be found in all organizations that exist

d.have a greater influence on employees than do weak cultures

48.Employees in organizations with strong cultures _______________.

a.are more committed to their organizations

b.are more likely to leave their organizations

c.are more willing to perform illegal activities

d.are more likely to follow directives from peers

49.Which of the following phrases is associated with the definition of organizational

culture?

a.individual response

b.shared meaning

c.diversity of thought

d.explicit directions

50.Which of the following is not considered to be a dimension of organizational culture?

a.attention to detail

b.people orientation

c.purchasing policies

d.aggressiveness

51.Which of the following dimensions of organizational culture is defined as the degree

to which an organization’s actions and decisions emphasize maintaining the status quo?

a.stability

b.outcome orientation

c.team orientation

d.innovation and risk taking

52.A company whose managers focus on results, rather than how results are achieved,

most likely possesses a high degree of which of the following?

a.outcome orientation

b.people orientation

c.team orientation

d.aggressiveness

53.Sony Corporation’s focus on product innovation is an ex ample of which of the

following dimensions of organizational culture?

a.attention to detail

b.people orientation

c.outcome orientation

d.aggressiveness

54.Which of the following most accurately reflects the difference between strong

cultures and weak cultures?

a.Strong cultures tend to encourage employee innovation, while weak cultures do

not.

b.Weak cultures are found in most organizations, whereas strong cultures are

relatively rare.

c.Strong cultures have less of an influence on employee behavior than do weak

cultures.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,pany values are more deeply held and widely shared in strong cultures than in

weak cultures.

55.Corporate ___________ are repetitive sequences of activities that express and

reinforce the values of an organization.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,nguages

b.rituals

c.symbols

d.ceremonies

56. Which of the following represents the most significant ways through which

corporate cultures are transmitted to employees?

a.rituals, myths, competitions, and language

b.symbols, rituals, language, and business systems

c.stories, rituals, symbols, and language

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,nguage, stories, rituals, and rewards

57.When employees at Microsoft use terms such as work judo, eating your own

dog food, and flat food, they are using organizational __________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,nguages

b.rituals

c.symbols

d.ceremonies

58.Most organizations have ____________ cultures.

a.very weak

b.weak to moderate

c.moderate

d.moderate to strong

59.The original source of an organization’s culture usually ________________.

a.is shared among the first workers hired into the organization

b.is formulated by the board of directors when the organization is formed

c.identifies what the organization is successful doing

d.reflects the vision or mission of the organization’s founder

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,anizational _____________ typically contain narratives about significant events

or people in the organization.

a.stories

b.rituals

c.charts

d.material symbols

61.All of the following are mentioned in the textbook as examples of material symbols

except ____________.

a.employee dress attire

b.size of employee offices

c.availability of stock options

d.reserved parking spaces for certain employees

62.The link between organizational values and managerial behavior is _____________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,ually uncertain

b.fairly straightforward

c.often highly complex

d.relatively dynamic

63.In learning an organization’s specific language, members are displaying their

_________________.

a.willingness to communicate with the organization’s stockholders

b.confidence that they will soon be promoted to greater responsibility

c.willingness to help preserve the culture of the organization

d.consent to share material symbols with the other members of the organization

64.An organization’s culture affects managers by ______________.

a.providing them with additional decision-making power

b.restricting them from disciplining certain employees

c.encouraging them to bend or even break company rules

d.establishing what is appropriate and expected behavior

CURRENT ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ISSUES FACING MANAGERS

65.Which of the following is most likely to have a highly ethical organizational culture?

a. a highly aggressive, competitive business

b. a company with high risk tolerance

c. a business that focuses strictly on outcomes

d. a business with outgoing and friendly employees

66.To encourage ethical cultures, managers should _________________.

a.enforce strict discipline policies

b.encourage employees to compete

c.act in their own self-interest

d.serve as visible role models

67.A company that primarily values a strong sense of purpose through

meaningful work has a(n) _________________ organizational culture.

a.spiritual

b.customer-responsive

c.ethical

d.innovative

68.Conscientious employees with good listening skills are highly valuable for

building a(n) _________________ organizational culture.

a.ethical

b.innovative

c.customer-responsive

d.spiritual

69.An innovative organizational culture is characterized by all of the following

characteristics except _________________.

a.freedom

b.conformity

c.debates

d.risk taking

70.Workplace spirituality has become important in the contemporary workplace

because it helps to _________________.

a.reduce unemployment rates

b.boost company profits

c.restore a sense of community

d.bring religion into business

71.Which of the following is most characteristic of an organization with a strong

spiritual culture?

a.Employees are encouraged to express themselves.

b.Such companies experience high employee turnover.

c.Employees are rewarded for innovation and risk taking.

d.Employees are required to join organized religions.

72.Which of the following best characterizes the relationship between spirituality

and business profitability?

a.Evidence shows that spirituality and business profitability are incompatible.

b.Limited evidence suggests that spirituality may be compatible with profitability.

c.Research shows that workplace spirituality constrains employee performance.

d.High productivity has been extensively documented in spiritual workplaces.

THE ENVIRONMENT

73.External environment refers to _________________.

a.forces outside the organization that limit the organization’s performance

b.factors and forces outside the organization that affect the organization’s

performance

c.forces and institutions inside the organization that affect the organization’s

performance

d.forces inside the organization that increase the organization’s performance

74.According to the textbook, the _______________ environment includes those

constituencies that have a direct and immediate impact on managers’ decisions and actions and are directly relevant to the achievement of the organization’s goals.

a.general

b.specific

c.secondary

d.forward

75.An organization’s specific environment ________________.

a.is unique and changes with conditions

b.is the s ame regardless of the organization’s age

c.is determined by the top level of management

d.must be quantified to establish its existence

76.The main forces that make up an organization’s specific environment are

__________.

a.suppliers, legislators, customers, and employees

b.customers, suppliers, competitors, and pressure groups

c.employees, competitors, pressure groups, and regulators

d.suppliers, employees, competitors, and legislators

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,anizations exist to meet the needs of which of the following constituencies?

a.customers

b.legislators

c.suppliers

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitors

78.When you think of an organization’s suppliers, you ________________.

a.know that they are the main customers of the organization

b.typically think of governments that pass the laws the organization must follow

c.know that they are located close to the organization itself

d.typically think in terms of organizations that provide materials and equipment

79.Managers seek to ensure a steady __________________.

a.cash flow from stockholders into the organization

b.flow of needed inputs at the lowest price available

c.flow of customers at the company’s outlet store

d.flow of suppliers to keep the competition among suppliers at a peak

80.Each of the following is considered an organizational supplier except

providers of __________________.

a.financial inputs

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,bor inputs

c.materials

d.political pressure

81.The Internet is having an impact on determining whom an organization’s

competitors are because it has _____________.

a.defined the common markets for organizations

b.made certain products invaluable to customer

c.virtually eliminated the need for shopping malls

d.virtually eliminated geographic boundaries

82.For a company such as Walt Disney World in Florida, a bank would be an example of

what kind of factor in their specific environment?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitor

c.special-interest group

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,ernment agency

83.Which of the following is not an example of a specific environmental factor?

a.population demographics

b.political conditions

c.federal laws

d.all of the above

84.For organizations such as hospitals, which hire nurses, the labor union and the local

labor market are examples of which of the following specific environmental factors?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitor and supplier

b.customer and pressure group

c.both are examples of suppliers

d.both are examples of pressure groups

85.Typically, the specific organizational environment includes which of the following?

a.economic factors

b.political conditions

c.technological factors

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitors

86.United Parcel Service represents which of the following to the U.S. Postal Service?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitor

b.supplier

c.customer

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,ernment agency

87.The general environment factor of economic conditions consists of all of the

following except _______________.

a.legislation recently passed by Congress

b.interest rates

c.changes in disposable income

d.stock market fluctuations

88.Sociocultural conditions consist of _______________.

a.demographic profiles of an organization’s suppliers

b.legal issues as determined by court decisions

c.the level of unemployment and real economic incomes of workers

d.changing expectations and values within society

89.To a national broadcast network such as NBC, your home DVD player is considered a

_____________.

a.customer

c.special-interest group

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitor

90.Groups such as Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) are examples of what factor

in the specific external environment?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitors

b.pressure groups

c.customers

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,ernment agencies

91.Typically, the general organizational environment includes which of the following?

a.political conditions

b.business plans

c.stakeholders

d.suppliers

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,pared to the specific environment, which of the following is an accurate

statement about the general environment of an organization?

a.It has less impact on the organization’s operations.

b.It has more impact on the organization’s operations.

c.It has about the same impact on an organization’s operations.

d.It is predominantly the concern of upper management.

93.Which of the following is not a component of an organization’s general environment?

a.economic conditions

b.political conditions

c.social conditions

d.industry conditions

94.Interest rates, inflation rates, and stock market fluctuations are all examples of what

factor in an organization’s general environment?

a.economic

b.political

c.social

d.technological

95.The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 is an example of a __________.

a.sociolegal condition

b.political/legal condition

c.political/sociological condition

d.sociocultural condition

96.A decrease in contributions from the public to the United Way charity is most likely

the result of which of the following general environmental factors?

b.social

c.technological

d.economic

97.Which of the following groups includes individuals who were born between the years

1946–1964?

a.the Depression group

b.the World War II group

c.the baby boomers

d.Generation X

98.The members of which of the following groups are behaving in fundamentally

different ways that are likely to greatly impact organizations and managers?

a.the Depression group

b.the World War II group

c.the baby boomers

d.Generation Y

99.Automation represents an example of a(n) __________ general environmental

factor.

a.technological

b.demographic

c.political/legal

d.economic

100.Which of the following has been the most rapidly changing component in an organization’s general environment?

a.global

b.economic

c.social

d.technological

101.Which of the following best represents a global general environmental factor?

a.increased surveillance

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,cation levels

c.electronic meetings

d.international markets

102.Which of the following are the two dimensions of environmental uncertainty?

a.degree of change and degree of complexity

b.degree of change and degree of volume

c.degree of complexity and degree of impact

d.degree of impact and degree of timing

103.If the components of an organization’s environment change frequently, the organization is operating in a __________ environment.

a.disruptive

b.diverse

c.dynamic

d.difficult

104.Managers try to minimize __________ because it threatens organizational effectiveness.

a.product development

b.uncertainty

c.price charges

d.the number of suppliers

105.__________ are any constituencies in an organization’s external environment that are affected by the organization’s decisions and actions.

a.Stockholders

b.Pressure groups

c.Suppliers

d.Stakeholders

106.Degree of _______________ refers to the number of components in an organization’s environment and the extent of the knowledge that the organization has about those components.

a.stability

b.openness

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,plexity

d.transition

107.The first step of managing external stakeholder relationships is to identify whom the stakeholders are. The second step is to _________________.

a.determine what specific approach should be used to manage the stakeholder

relationship

b.determine what the courts might do when stakeholder files a claim against the

organization

c.determine what particular interests or concerns these stakeholders might have

d.determine how many stakeholders there are in each stakeholder group SCENARIOS AND QUESTIONS

For each of the following, choose the answer that most completely answers the question. THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?

Apex Construction has hired Wendell Phillips to provide management consulting for the organization. Wendell’s first assignment inv olves helping the company to improve productivity by recommending ways to strengthen managers’ supervisory skills.

108.Wendell notices that the company’s top executives share a belief that managers are directly responsible for the organization’s success or f ailure. This belief reflects a(n) ______________ view of management.

a.traditional

b.omnipotent

c.standard

d.symbolic

109.Wendell interviews many middle-level managers and discovers that they share a different view of management. These individuals believe that external factors constrain managers’ influence over outcomes. The mid-level managers have a _____________ view of management.

a.traditional

b.omnipotent

c.standard

d.symbolic

THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE

Corporate Takeover (Scenario)

Todd works for SeaLan Tech, an environmental consulting firm that has just been purchased by Zerex, Inc., a biomedical research organization. Based on his early encounters with the new upper management from Zerex, Todd feels that SeaLan is a ―lower-key, friendlier‖ organization. He is con cerned that the new company will eliminate SeaLan’s old culture, and he does not like the prospects.

110.If you were talking with Todd and asked him what the term culture meant, he would reply that, basically, it is _________________.

a.the formal rules of an organization

b.the nationality of the workers in the company

c. a system of shared meaning

d. a system that reflects diversity and respect for differences

111.Todd is concerned with the degree to which managers focus on results or outcomes rather than techniques and the processes used to achieve those outcomes.

He is concerned with _____________.

a.stability

b.aggressiveness

c.team orientation

d.outcome orientation

112.Todd notices that management is very concerned with the effects of outcomes on people within the organization. This is referred to as _____________.

a.stability

b.aggressiveness

c.team orientation

d.people orientation

113.Todd is assessing the organization’s _____________, the degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth.

a.stability

b.aggressiveness

c.team orientation

d.outcome orientation

114.Todd has been learning the seven dimensions of organizational culture. Which of the following is not one of those seven dimensions?

a.stability

b.aggressiveness

c.member orientation

d.outcome orientation

Changing Organizational Culture (Scenario)

Mary has been asked by the company president to change the organizational culture to reflect the company’s new organizational goals. As executive vice president, she certainly understands the goals, but is really not sure that she understands what to do about the culture.

115.Mary asked employees if they knew what constituted ―good employee behavior.‖ She found that very few understood, and most had a variety of ideas. This is one indication that her company _______________.

a.has a strong culture

b.has a weak culture

c.has no culture

d.must have high turnover

116.Mary also found out that in order to build a strong new culture, she should do all but which of the following?

a.hire employees who fit in with the company’s c ulture

b.develop socialization practices to build culture

c.encourage a high turnover rate among employees

d.have management make organizational values clear

117.Mary was surprised to find that most organizational cultures are ____________.

a.weak

b.weak to moderate

c.moderate to strong

d.strong

THE ENVIRONMENT

Environmental Constraints (Scenario)

It is safe to say that managers do not have complete control over organizational outcomes; the environment has a significant impact. However, there are different environmental factors that shape a manager’s work life.

118.As a manager, if you were working in an industry that was dependent on rapidly changing software technologies, with many new companies competing for the same customers, you would be working in what kind of environment?

a.general

b.static

c.stable

d.dynamic

119.Political conditions, which include attitudes that officials hold toward specific industries, fall within an organization’s _____________ environment.

a.global

b.internal

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitive

d.general

The Election (Scenario)

At the present time, your organization is faced with many changes. One of these is the election of a new president and Congress. Another concerns new requests from customers for changes to the look of your product design. A third involves changes in the ages and education levels of your customer base. Your customers have also recently expressed a desire to have your product manufactured using a newly discovered type of plastic. 120.The changes in the presidency and Congress represent which of the following environmental factors for your organization?

a.general environment

b.specific environment

c.pressure group

d.customers

121.The change in how customers want your product to look in design is an example of which of the following types of factors?

a.political/legal

b.specific environment

c.global

d.demographic

122.The changes in the ages and education levels of your customers are an example of which of the following conditions?

a.economic

b.political/legal

c.demographic

d.technological

123.The request to have your product manufactured using newly discovered plastics is most likely the product of which of the following?

a.economic conditions

b.political/legal conditions

c.sociocultural conditions

d.technological conditions

The New Medical Product (Scenario)

You are a manager of marketing for your company. The company is planning to introduce a new medical product that has stirred up controversy among certain public groups. Members of your research and development department have pointed out that the company has a history of introducing controversial products successfully. Members of your marketing staff respond by emphasizing that this product is more controversial than any product introduced previously.

124.The public groups that oppose the introduction of the new medical product are known as which of the following?

a.service groups

b.defense groups

c.pressure groups

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,rmal groups

125.The company plans to introduce the new product into a particular segment of its market. This segment represents which of the following to the

organization as a whole?

a.general environment

b.specific environment

c.political/legal condition

d.sociocultural condition

Operating Within the Environment (Scenario)

The environment places constraints on the behavior of managers. Suppose you are the manager of a real estate office trying to maximize profits. You attempt to understand the forces within your organization’s environment.

126.If the mortgage interest rates increase, this would be an example of changing ____________ in your general environment.

a.economic conditions

b.political conditions

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petition

d.social conditions

127.The customer component of your specific environment most likely consists of _________.

a.mortgage brokers

b.home buyers and sellers

c.real estate brokers

d.mortgage lenders

128. A real estate certification program would be considered as which of the following for your organization?

a.customer

b.pressure group

c.supplier

d.demographic group

Chris Co. (Scenario)

Mr. Taylor has been hired by Chris Co., a manufacturer of precious metal jewelry. Chris Co. has been having significant issues with some of their major stakeholders. For instance, they have been receiving poor quality products from their suppliers and complaints from their customers. Mr. Taylor has been hired to help resolve these issues and to help build a plan for improving the company’s relationships with its major stakeholders.

129.In addition to suppliers and customers, each of the following might also be considered Chris Co. stakeholders except ________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,munities and unions

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3413993011.html,petitors and media

c.all of the above

d.none of the above

130.Mr. Taylor assesses how critical each stakeholder is to the organization’s decisions and actions. This represents the ____________ step of managing the company’s relationships with its stakeholders.

a.first

b.second

c.third

d.final

131.Mr. Taylor identifies whom the organization’s stakeholders are. This is the ______________ step in the process of managing stakeholder relationships.

a.first

b.second

c.third

d.final

132.Mr. Taylor decides how to manage the external stakeholder relationships. This represents the ____________ step o f managing the company’s stakeholder relationships.

a.first

b.second

c.third

d.final

ESSAY QUESTIONS

THE MANAGER: OMNIPOTENT OR SYMBOLIC?

133.In a short essay, differentiate between the symbolic view and the omnipotent view of management. Include specific examples of each view to support your answer.

THE ORGANIZATION’S CULTURE

134.In a short essay, define organizational culture and discuss its three primary implications.

135.In a short essay, identify and define the seven dimensions that make up an organization’s cu lture.

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