2018年高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit12夯实训练含答案

2017高考英语北师大版一轮复习Unit 12夯实训练含答案

高考题型提能练(十二)Unit 12

(2016·河南省六市高三第一次联考)语法填空

Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a chance __1__(see) your friends again.But most exciting of all，the new term lets you take up new hobbies.In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays.Promising to learn something new is a common New Year’s resolution.

Most schools offer different kinds __2__ hobby classes.Students __3__(usual) take them in their free periods or after school.Some classes you have to pay for but some __4__(be) free.For example，I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class __5__ is offered by my school.But when I learnt how to play the drum，my parents had to pay for the lessons.

The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama club.Both classes offered exams students could take.Students with many hobbies sometimes felt __6__ stressed than those without any.But the students with hobbies left school with many extra __7__(skill)．

I have n’t co ntinued any of the hobbies I __8__(begin) at school.But I have never regretted taking __9__．My __10__(good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.

【语篇导读】本文介绍了作者参加兴趣班的事。

1．to see[考查非谓语动词。chance后面跟动词不定式作后置定语。]

2．of[考查固定搭配。different kinds of各种不同种类的。]

3．usually[考查副词。修饰后面的动词的应该用副词。]

4．are[考查主谓一致。主语是some，代指前文提到的classes，所以谓语动词用复数。] 5．which/that[考查定语从句。修饰前面的名词class，先行词在从句中作主语。]

6．more[考查形容词比较级。后面有than，所以和比较级连用。]

7．skills[考查名词。前面有many修饰，所以用复数形式。]

8．began[考查动词。我在学校里开始的爱好，是过去的事情，用过去时。]

9．them[考查代词。但是我没后悔过参加他们，此处用them代替前面的hobbies。] 10．best[考查形容词。句意应该为：我最好的朋友就是我在体操课上遇到的。]

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

“Croeso I Gymru！”If you don't know what this means, read on to find out more.

When you cross over the border from England into Wales, you don't have to show your passport but you do notice a difference immediately. All the road markings and signs are shown in two languages—English and Welsh (威尔士语). Not all visitors to Britain know that other languages are spoken here. There's the Gaelic (盖尔语) language in Scotland and a few people speak Cornish (康沃尔语) in the southwest of England, but the most widely spoken language in the UK besides English is Welsh.

Perhaps the first Welsh word you'll see on the road into Wales is ARAF. There's a helpful English translation next to it—SLOW. As you can see, Welsh looks quite different from English. It sounds very different, too. Welsh looks and sounds so different from English because it's a Celtic language. Celtic cultures still exist around the edges of the UK—in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland and also in parts of France. For hundreds of years, almost everyone in Wales spoke Welsh, but nowadays there are about 600 thousand Welsh speakers—around 20% of the population.

So is Welsh dying out? Not at all! Nowadays, all school children in Wales study Welsh and many choose to go to an all Welshspeaking school. You can get public information in Welsh, speak Welsh in court or take a course at university in Welsh. People surf the Internet in Welsh, keep up with friends on Facebook and write blogs in Welsh.

By the way，“Croeso I Gymru！”means “Welcome to Wales！”—I hope you'll be able to visit it one day.

文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威尔士语，包括威尔士语的特点、使用的人群、发展前景以及与英语的不同。

1．According to the passage, Welsh ________.

A．has developed from Cornish

B．is still widely used in the UK

C．sounds a little similar to English

D．is more widely spoken than before

答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“but the most widely spoken language in the UK besides English is Welsh”可知，威尔士语在英国应用比较广泛。故答案选B。

2．How does the author feel about the future of Welsh?

A．Optimistic. B．Curious.

C．Worried. D．Confused.

答案：A观点态度题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“So is Welsh dying out? Not at all！”可知，作者相信威尔士语不会消失。故答案选A。

3．What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?

A．To explain a typical Welsh term.

B．To compare English with Welsh.

C．To give an introduction to Welsh.

D．To encourage people to visit Wales.

答案：C写作意图题。文章主要介绍了威尔士语的特点、使用的人群、发展前景以及与英语的不同。故答案选C。

B

(2016·哈尔滨市第三中学一模)Babies don't learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are

lip-readers too. It happens during the stage when a baby's babbling (咿呀声) gradually changes from unclear voices into that first “mama” or “dada”. The baby in order to do like you has to figure out how to shape their lips to make that particular sound they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.

Apparently it doesn't take them too long to absorb the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more evidence that quality face-time with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD.

But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy Hansen-Tift tested nearly 180 babies,

groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or Spanish to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4-month-olds gazed mostly into her eyes. The 6-month-olds spent equal amounts of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8- and 10-month-olds studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker's eyes.

But what happened when these babies accustomed to English heard Spanish? The 12-month-olds studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to recognize the unfamiliar sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语)that shows babies' brains adjust themselves to distinguishing the sounds of their native language over other languages in the first year of life.

The continued lip-reading shows the 1-year-olds clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study that this is “a fairly heroic data set”，says Duke University cognitive neuroscientist Greg Appelbaum, who found the research so fascinating that he wants to know more.

1.According to the first paragraph, babies________.

A.might get its voice “mama” by lip-reading

B.learn to talk just from hearing the sounds

C.like to figure out how to shape their lips

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3e14069941.html,municate with parents through gestures

2.What is necessary in developing babies' speech according to Lewkowicz?

A.Playing baby DVD nearby.

B.Teaching babies to read English.

C.Speaking with babies face to face.

D.Speaking different languages in front of babies.

3.Which of the following shows the right change of babies' eye gaze according to the text?

4.What would be the best title of the text?

A.Babies Have Different Methods to Talk

B.Babies Try Lip-reading in Learning to Talk

C.Babies Are Suitable to Learn Two Languages

D.Babies Can Easily Accept Foreign Language

1．解析：选A细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“They are lip-readers too ...that first ‘mama’or‘dada’．”可知，婴儿可能会通过读唇的方式发出“mama”的声音。故答案选A。

2．解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“The baby in order to do ...who led the study.”及第二段第三句“It offers more evidence ...important for speech development”可推知，在婴儿的语言发展阶段，跟婴儿面对面讲话是有必要的。故答案选C。

3．解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段最后四句“They found that ...the speaker's eyes.”并结合所给选项可知，A项坐标图符合文中的描述。故答案选A。

4．解析：选B标题归纳题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍了一项科学发现：婴儿不仅仅通过听声，还通过观察说话者的口型来学习说话。B项概括了文章主旨。故答案选B。

C

Here’s a movie—a sharp, sugar-rush of fun that’s guaranteed to entertain the entire family.

With some terrific computer-generated effects, a great cast and a fun-packed storyline, Robots is the best animated film (动画片) since The Incredibles. Yep, it really is that good.

Set in a world populated by robots, Ewan McGregor plays Rodney Copperbottom, a young robot who leaves his small-town home to pursue his dream of becoming an inventor.

But after arriving in Robot City, his hopes of getting a job at Bigweld Industries are destroyed when he learns the firm has been taken over by the evil Ratchet (Greg Kinnear).

Egged on by his controlling mum, Madame Gasket (Jim Broadbent), Ratchet plans to reduce half of Robot City’s citizens to scrap metal by refusing to sell the spare parts they need to survive. Instead, he wants to make a fortune selling expensive upgrades that few can afford. As he says, “Why be you when you can be new?”

Aided by a few misfit robots known as the Rustles—including Robin Williams as the cowardly' (胆小的）Fender (“I’m made of a metal called Afraidium”)—Rodney must track down the firm’s founder, Bigweld (Mel Brooks), and convince him to save the city from Ratchet’s plans. The first thing that’ll strike you about the movie is the thought that's gone into creating Robot City. It’s a wondrous world full of mechanical marvels including wind-up cars and walking streetlamps.

Also terrific are the special effects. This might be an animated movie but at times you’ll catch yourself thinking it’s really a live-action film.

Of course, there have been plenty of animated movies that looked the part but were let down by a weak storyline (see Shark Tale, for example).

But Robots grips (扣人心弦) right from the start thanks to a heart-warming and thoroughly engaging plot that never bores.

My only complaints are with Williams who, as usual，has a one-in-10 success rate with his

jokes. Also a letdown is a romantic subplot between Rodney and a shapely robot called Cappy (Halle Berry) that doesn’t go anywhere.

Complains aside, this is a mechanical marvel that’ll have you bolted firmly to your seat. BEST QUOTE(引述): Fender: “Even though you had a discouraging day, just remember there’s another one coming tomorrow.”

BEST BIT: Check out those amazing images.

WORST BIT: Robin Williams, character does an unfunny Britney Spears dance routine.

IF YOU LIKED…Ice Age, The Incredibles, Toy Story... YOU’LL LIKE THIS.

1、This piece of writing is a _______.

A．commercial advertisement B．film review

C．movie poster D．literary essay

2、The cast of Robots is made up of all the following actors or actresses EXCEPT _______.

A．Ewan McGregor B．Robin Williams

C．Britney Spears D．Halle Berry

3、What is Shark Tale an example of?

A．A great cast. B．A poor plot.

C．Special effects. D．Clumsy animation.

【参考答案】1—3、BCB

Ⅱ.任务型阅读

(2016·郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)Although most games have winners and losers, the goal of sports is not to win every game. The real goals include getting exercise, having fun, and learning important social skills, like good sportsmanship.

Good sportsmanship is all about respect. Good sportsmen (具有运动家品格的人) respect the other players on their team. They respect the players on opposing teams. They respect their coaches, and

they also respect the referees or other officials involved in their games. 1.________ They yell at their teammates and they talk back to coaches or referees.

Kids usually learn sportsmanship — good and bad — from the adults in their lives. 2.________ If parents and coaches show disrespect to other fans, referees, or each other, kids will likely act the same way on the field.

3.________ Some of them are very basic and easy to do, like shaking hands with other players before a game. Other examples may take a little more courage, such as acknowledging a great play made by the opposing team.

Learning good sportsmanship is important because it helps you develop an attitude of graciousness (礼貌) and respect that will carry over into all the other areas of your life.4.________ Being a good sportsman in the classroom will eventually lead to being a good sportsman in the workplace.

So be a good sport in whatever you do! 5.________ When others see you acting in a way that makes it clear that winning isn't the most important thing, you can move on to focusing on the important things, like having fun, getting exercise, and improving your skills!

A.Good sportsmanship can be shown in many ways.

B.On the contrary, bad sportsmanship is all about disrespect.

C.The example you set can be a powerful teaching tool for others.

D.Players' parents and coaches set examples that kids tend to follow.

E.We can be good sportsmen by encouraging others but not laughing at them.

F.Starting as a good sportsman earlier will help you be a good sportsman as you get old.

G.If you're a good sportsman on the field, you'll also likely be a good sportsman in the classroom. Ⅲ.完形填空

(2016·江西师大附中三模)Many years ago, on a lazy summer day right before the beginning of the

second grade, my mother changed my life forever.

I had just__1__ a picture book about the tornado, so I__2__ to play games with my sister outside because I feared it. I__3__ myself for a nice hour or two of staying at home__4__ and there seemed to be nothing for me to do.

My mother, no doubt, didn't think I had __5__ to do, so she pulled a “big person” book off her personal__6__ and gave it to me.“Here, you might like this.” I was__7__ to be given a big book to read, __8__ I was daunted (吓唬) by the fact that there were no pictures. I made up my__9__ to give the book a try. I couldn't put it __10__ the rest of the whole day. After that I became fond of __11__ various books.

It stands out in my mind as the single most __12__ moment in my entire childhood. It shaped the course of the rest of my __13__.If my mother had told me to go to watch TV, or put me __14__，I can imagine how__15__ life would be for me. I might not be a published author, and might not be as __16__ as I am now.

There may have been a hundred other moments when my parents__17__，a hundred other moments that went wrong, but those__18__ don't matter because they got it right that one time. Now that I have my own child, I believe I'll get it __19__ that one time, and that I don't regret the moments that __20__ too much.

1.A.read through B.learnt from

C.researched into

D.thought about

2. A.preferred B.needed

C.came

D.refused

3.A.managed B.prepared

C.requested

D.directed

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3e14069941.html,tely B.finally

C.quietly

D.lonely

5.A.something B.nothing

C.everything

D.anything

6.A.table B.shelf

C.box

D.bed

7.A.funny B.sad

C.proud

D.angry

8.A.though B.but

C.and

D.however

9.A.opinion B.power

C.love

D.mind

10.A.out B.down

C.forth

D.up

11.A.reading B.talking

C.shopping

D.writing

12.A.necessary https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3e14069941.html,fortable

C.important

D.interesting

13.A.business B.study

C.task

D.life

14.A.aside B.forward

C.outside

D.back

15.A.full B.different

C.colorful

D.busy

16.A.successful B.strange

C.active

D.helpful

17.A.ignored B.cared

C.failed

D.tried

18.A.reasons B.problems

C.ways

D.moments

19.A.away B.right

C.off

D.in

20.A.slip by B.pass on

C.break into

D.flow over

Ⅳ.短文改错

(2016·辽师大附中高三模拟)Though great progress has been made in science these years, but there are still many people living in poor conditions. They make their lives by collecting and selling used thing. Their children cannot go to school because they have not enough money to send their children to there. Why you think so many people still suffer from poverty now? The answer lies on the population explosion. A president of a developing country once said, “It is us who are to blame for the poverty because we used to ‘produce’ child without limit.” Although this few words sound simple enough, they have clear pointed out one of the causes of the population explosion.

高考题型提能练(十二)

Ⅱ.1～5BDAGC

Ⅲ.

1．解析：选A作者刚刚仔细地读完了一本关于龙卷风的图画书。read through“通读”，符合语境。

2．解析：选D根据下文的“because I feared it”可知，作者害怕龙卷风，所以她拒绝与妹妹外出做游戏。

3．解析：选B作者准备待在家里一两个小时。prepare oneself for sth.意为“(某人)准备做某

事”。

4．解析：选C根据下文的“there seemed to be nothing for me to do”可知，作者安安静静地待在家里。

5．解析：选D根据上文的“there seemed to be nothing for me to do”可知，作者的妈妈认为她没有什么事情做。

6．解析：选B根据“‘big person’ book”可知，作者的妈妈从她的个人书架上拿下一本成年人读的书。

7．解析：选C由下文“I made up my ________ to give the book a try.”可知，作者认为这是成人读的书，而她这个年龄能读成人的书让她感到很自豪。

8．解析：选A根据下文的“I was daunted (吓唬) by the fact that there were no pictures”可知，作者感到自豪，尽管见到这本书里没有插图而吓了一跳。

9．解析：选D根据下文的“give the book a try”可知，作者下定决心，要读一读这本书。make up one's mind 意为“下定决心”。

10．解析：选B根据下文的“After that I became fond of ________ various books.”可推知，作者竟然整天都舍不得将这本书放下。

11．解析：选A根据下文的“various books”可知，从此作者变得喜欢读各种书籍。

12．解析：选C根据下文的“It shaped the course of the rest of my ________.”可推知，这次读书的经历是她的整个童年时代中最重要的时刻。它确定了她的整个人生的方向。

13．解析：选D根据下文的“ life would be for me”可知，这次读书的经历确定了她的整个人生的方向。

14．解析：选C根据第二段的“staying at home”可知，此处说的是如果当时作者的母亲让她出去玩的话，事情可能会不同。

15．解析：选B根据下文的“I might not be a published author”可推知，如果作者的妈妈让她看电视或外出玩耍，她的人生可能就会与现在不同。

16．解析：选A根据上文的“I might not be a published author”可知，作者现在成为了作家。因此她是很成功的。

17．解析：选C根据下文的“a hundred other moments that went wrong”可知，作者回想，她的父母在教育她的过程中有许多失败的时候。

18．解析：选D根据上文的“moments”以及下文的“because they got it right that one time”可推知，那些失败或错误的时候并不重要，只要一个时机是对的那就可以了。

19．解析：选B根据上文的“because they got it right that one time”可推知，因为作者现在自己有了孩子，她希望她在教育自己的孩子时，也有一次对的时机。

20．解析：选A根据上文的“but those ________ don't matter because they got it right that one time”可推知，作者觉得，只要有一个对的时机，她就不会因许多无用的时机消逝而感到后悔。slip by “(时间)悄悄过去”。

Ⅳ.第一句：去掉but

第二句：lives→living; thing→things

第三句：去掉there前面的to

第四句：Why后加do

第五句：on→in

第六句：us→we; child→children

第七句：this→these; clear→clearly

2018版高考英语(人教通用)大一轮复习-满分必背+

必修一Unit 1Friendship Ⅰ.常考单词必背 1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.(upset，upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻，碰倒；打乱 She was upset about losing her job. 她正为失去工作而心烦意乱。 Losing the ring upset her very much. 遗失戒指使她很心烦意乱。 [快速闪记] be upset about/over/at sth 为某事心烦 upset oneself about sth 为某事而烦恼 2．ignore vt.不理睬；忽视 Either she didn't see me wave or she ignored me on purpose.要么她没看见我招手，要么就是故意不理我。 [快速闪记] ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的 ignorance n．不了解，无知 3．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n．担心；关注；(利害)关系 The accident was concerned with the bus driver. 这次事故与公交车司机有关。 There is some cause for concern but no need for alarm. 是有点令人忧虑，但不必惊慌。 [快速闪记] concerned adj.担心的；关注的 be concerned about/for关心；担忧；挂念

be concerned with牵涉到……，与……有关 as/so far as...be concerned关于；至于；就……而言 4．power n．能力；力量；权力 The power was cut off and the street was entirely in darkness.断电后街道完全陷入了黑暗。 She was the one who had the power to hire or fire people.有权雇用或解雇人的是她。[快速闪记] (1)come to power上台，当权，表示动作，不能和一段时间连用。 (2)be in power当权，执政，表示状态，可以和一段时间连用。 (3)have the power to do sth 具有做某事的能力、权力 beyond/out of one's power某人力所不能及 5．settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使定居；安排；解决 They calmed down and settled their problem soon. 他们镇静下来并很快把问题解决了。 Mr.Wang settled down in America soon after he got there.王先生到美国后不久就定居下来了。 [快速闪记] (1)settle down舒适地坐下；安静下来；定居下来 settle down to sth/doing sth开始认真对待某事；定下心来做某事 (2)settlement n．解决；协议 6．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 We'll suffer hunger one day if we don't care about the farmland.如果我们不关注农田，将来我们会挨饿的。 [快速闪记] suffering n．痛苦；苦难sufferer n．患病者；受难者 7．pack vi.& vt.捆扎；包装；打行李n．小包；包裹 As soon as I graduated，I packed my bags and moved to the west of China.一毕业我就收拾行李去了中国西部。 A pack of reporters were waiting outside for the latest news.一群记者在外面等待最

2018届高三英语(人教版)总复习随堂演练：6-4 含答案

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Do you believe in the ________(存在)of God? 2．I know I can trust her in any ________(情况)． 3．I ________(使神清气爽)myself with a glass of juice after running. 4．In nature, there are lots of ________(现象)which can't be explained now. 5．Keep the camera ________(平稳)while you take a picture. 6．In production, we demand not only __________ (数量)but also quality. 7．Some people prefer a wider ________ (范围)of views, and would choose to read more. 8．As a ________(后果), the majority of today's mothers are in the labor market. 9．So what do you think is the ________(趋向) of country music? 10．On ______(平均), I spend $100 on books each month. 答案 1．existence 2.circumstance 3.refresh 4.phenomena 5．steady 6.quantity7.range8.consequence 9．trend/tendency10.average Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Some common ________ (phenomenon) in the world are still not completely understood by human beings. 2．There are ________ (quantity) of goods in that shop for customers

(全国用)2018年高考英语总复习 微专题训练 第66练 前缀(二)

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通用版2018高考英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit1Friendship.doc

Unit 1 Friendship Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦 2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 3．calm vt.&vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的4．grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的5．loose adj. 松的；松开的 6．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年 7．power n. 能力；力量；权力 →powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 →powerless adj. 无力的 8．suffer vt.&vi. 遭受；忍受；经历 →suffering n. 折磨；苦难 9．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 →recovery n. 恢复；康复 10．entire adj. 整个的；完全的；全部的 →entirely adv. 完全地；全然地；整个地11．dust n. 灰尘 →dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 12．settle vt. 使定居；安排；解决 →settler n. 移居者；定居者 →settlement n. 解决；处理 13．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系 →concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的 →concerning prep. 关于；涉及 14．exact adj. 准确的；精密的；精确的

→exactly adv. 确实如此；正是；确切地15．agree vi. 同意 →agreement n. 协议；同意；一致 →disagree vi. 不同意 16．like vt. 喜欢 prep. 像；如同 →dislike n．&vt. 不喜欢；厌恶17．outdoor adj. 户外的；室外的 →outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 n. 野外；郊外 →indoors adv. 在室内；进入户内 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 18．curtain n．窗帘；门帘；幕布19．series n. 连续；系列 20．thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣 n. 雷；雷声 21．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费vt. 倾斜；翻倒 22．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人23．highway n. 公路；大路 24．item n. 项目；条款 25．swap vt.交换 高频短语——会默写 1．add up 合计 2．calm(...)down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来3．be concerned about 关心；挂念 4．go through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查5．set down 记下；放下；登记 6．a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套7．on purpose 故意地；有目的地 8．at dusk 在黄昏时刻 9．face to face 面对面地

2018年高考英语考试大纲

英语 考核目标与要求 一、语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英 语语音、词汇、语法基础 知识以与所学功能意念和 话题（见 附录 1 至附录 5），要求词汇量为 3500 左右。 二、语言运用 1．听力 要求考生能听懂所熟悉话 题的简短独白和对话。考 生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）获取具体的、事实性 信息； （3）对所听内容做出推 断； （4）理解说话者的意图、 观点和态度。 2．阅读 要求考生能读懂书、报、 杂志中关于一般性话题的 简短文段以与公告、说 明、广告等，

并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词 和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结 构； （6）理解作者的意图、观 点和态度。 3．写作 要求考生根据提示进行书 面表达。考生应能： （1）清楚、连贯地传递信 息，表达意思； （2）有效运用所学语言知 识。 4．口语 要求考生根据提示进行口 头表达。考生应能： （1）询问或传递事实性信 息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；

（4）使用有效的交际策略。

附录 1语音项目表1. 基本读音 (1)26 个字母的读音 (2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音 (3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音 (6)辅音字母组合的读音 (7)辅音连缀的读音 (8)成节音的读音 2. 重音 (1)单词重音 (2)句子重音 3. 读音的变化 (1)连读 (2)失去爆破 (3)弱读 (4)同化 4. 语调与节奏 (1)意群与停顿 (2)语调 (3)节奏