2018年高考英语命题规律解读(含英语冲刺题和解析)

2018届高考英语冲刺题

2018年高考命题规律解读

阅读理解

（1）考什么？近几年阅读理解命题的大体格局一致，基本上可以归纳为主旨大意题、词

义猜测题、推理判断题、细节理解题和观点态度意图题。从整体来看，细节理解题占多数，

推理判断题其次，然后是观点态度意图、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。

（2）怎么考？①体裁和题材内容：近几年全国卷高考试题阅读理解的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文四种。选材贴近实际生活、时代感强、强调实际应用，渗透文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考查，使学生能够展示个性发展和思维的多样性与开放性、感悟

人生价值、弘扬正能量、培养核心素养体系。内容涉及政治、经济、人物、动物、故事、新闻、教育、广告、哲理、生态、环保、科普、史地、节日、社会、卫生等多个领域。相比较

来看，社会文化、人物故事、科普知识和时文报道类的语篇所占比例较大。②语言特点：所

选材料基本都是英文原版材料，能够体现当代英语的特点，用词简练，生动，语句富于变化，长短句搭配得当，常用词的深层或引申意义也处理得比较恰当，既不限于教材原义，又不涉

及过于生僻的用法。句子结构几乎囊括了英语句法修辞中的所有语句结构形式，如简单句、

复合句、虚拟语气、倒装句、省略句、强调句、插入语等。行文的跳跃程度较大，陈述次序

变化起伏，隐含信息较多等。此外，长难句和优美的经典句子、谚语等的增加也是这几年高

考英语阅读理解的一大亮点，在今后的高考阅读试题中仍将继续保持这种态势。

（3）命题趋势：选材不拘泥特定的规律模式，而是向多元性发展，主要以引导考生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上弘扬传统文化、关注中国和世界发展大势，深入思考人

与自然的关系，体悟和谐发展之道，培养创新精神和人文情怀。考点仍将以细节理解题和推

理判断题为主，词义推测仍然以每年一题的形式出现，而主旨大意题、标题归纳题、观点态

度题以及代词指代题则是灵活出现。

Passage 1．

I starts to get creative

Most people nowadays own a device (设备) that features artificial intelligence (AI), with the likes of Siri always there to greet us with a friendly voice.

But Microsoft’s XiaoIce is different. Launched (投入) in 2014 for the Chinese market, “she” has a creative edge over her competitors.

While most AI assistants simply read out information they get online, such as movie listings or weather forecasts (预报), XiaoIce has a “realness” that the others lack. Indeed, if you asked nicely, she could read you a poem from her new weekly column in West China City Daily.

The newspaper has been printing Xi aoIce’s self-penned poetry each week since Aug 19, taken from her own book of poems, The Sunlight that Lost the Glass Window.w

To turn XiaoIce into a master of poetry, Microsoft scientists “fed” her the works of over 500 influential modern poets, including those of Hu Shi, Li Jinfa, Lin Huiyin, Xu Zhimo, and Wen Yiduo, reported China Daily.

This led to her figuring out a writing style of her own and creating over 70,000 original poems, with 137 used to produce the book.x Most of the poems are indistinguishable (难区分的) from those written by humans, and XiaoIce’s book even got good feedback (反馈) from experts.

“XiaoIce’s work carries a strange taste. The more you chew on it, the more interesting it becomes,” Zhang Zonggang, a literature professor at the Nanjing University of Science and Technology, told the South China Morning Post. But it seems not everyone is a fan.

“[The poems] disgusted me with their slippery (油滑的) tone and rhythm. The sentences were aimless and superficial (肤浅的), lacking the inner logic for emotional expression,” Yunnan-based poet Yu Jian told China Youth Daily.

This isn’t the first AI to attempt poetry. Last year, Google’s Parsey McParseface made some poems of its own, although they were branded “miserable (令人不快的)” and “mournful (使人忧郁的) ” by reviewers.

While it seems like AI is becoming more “intelligent” and less “artificial” all the time, when it comes to creativity, perhaps this is one job that software should leave to us humans.

Choose the answer:

1. What advantage does XiaoIce have over most other AI assistants?

A. She can greet users with her friendly voice.

B. She is able to read poetry for users.

C. She can acquire information online very quickly.

D. She has the ability to create original poems.

2. What is the correct description of XiaoIce?

A. Her works are welcomed by many influential modern poets.

B. Her poems are comparable to those written by humans.

C. She is working on a monthly column in a newspaper.

D. Her works don’t have a specific writing style.

3. What is t he problem about XiaoIce’s poems, according to the text?

A. It’s quite hard to understand what her works mean.

B. Her poems are sorrowful and lack creativity.

C. The tone and rhythm of her poems are questionable.

D. The emotional expressions in her poems deserve more attention.

Passage 2．

One step too far

Scientists have been trying to figure out how to alter the genes of humans for many years now, and it looks like they’ve finally cracked (破解) the code. But while this may seem like a great step forward in science, some also believe that it’s one step back when it comes to ethics.w

In August, a group of scientists from the US and South Korea worked together to successfully edit a human embryo and remove a genetic mutation (基因突变) that would have led to heart disease, reported The Guardian.

This was achieved with the help of CRISPR, a gene-editing tool that allows scientists to “cut and paste (粘贴)” human DNA.

Although this was the first example of an embryo’s genes being changed successfully, the benefits of gene editing have already been tested in living patients.

In 2015, a five-month-old girl from the UK was saved after doctors used edited cells to fight off her cancer. As of today, she’s alive and well.

And in the US last year, scientists managed to remove HIV cells from several patients by editing the

genes inside their bodies.

Some people hope that in the future, diseases or birth defects (缺陷) could simply be “edited out”. However, others believe this could lead to so-called designer babies, giving parents the option to choose everything from eye color to intelligence.

“You could find wealthy parents buying the latest ‘upgrades (升级)’ for their children, leading to even greater inequality than we already live with,” Marcy Darnovsky, director of the San Franci sco Center for Genetics, told BBC News.

In spite of these ethical concerns, experts say it’s not possible to create the “perfect” human being. Despite the progress scientists have made, we don’t understand human genes enough to give an unborn child great brainpower or amazing singing abilities.

“Right now, we know nothing about genetic enhancement (提升),” Hank Greely, a director of sciences at Stanford University, US, told The New York Times. “We’re never going to be able to say, honestly, ‘This embryo looks like it would score high on the two-part SAT.’”

So it looks like if we want good exam results, or to impress people with our piano skills, we’ll have to stick with the old fashioned method of plain hard work – at least for now.

Choose the best answer:

1. The underlined word “alter” in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.

A. record

B.change

C. remove

D. increase

2.Why do some people consider human gene editing a step backwards?

A. They don’t think it is an effective way to fight diseases.

B. They are concerned that it could lead to genetic mutations.

C. They think it could lead to designer babies and increased inequality.

D. They worry that it could make parents abandon children with birth defects.

3. What was the first successful example of human embryo gene editing?

A. A genetic mutation related to heart disease was removed by scientists.

B. A newborn baby with cancer was saved by edited cells.

C. HIV cells were removed from patients’ bodies.

D. Some birth defects were simply edited out.

4. What can we conclude from the text?

A. Gene editing is regarded as the perfect way to treat birth defects.

B. There is still a long way to go to fully understand human genes.

C. Gene editing could help enhance human intelligence in the near future.

D. Scientists are pessimistic about the future of gene editing.

Passage 3．

Studying Mandarin

US teenager Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin (普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.

“I thought [Mandarin] would be more beneficial than Latin,” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.

He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends.

While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.

“Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power,” he said. Many experts agree that proficiency in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.

“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing,” said Marty Abbott, executive director of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”

Abbott estimates that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin throughout the US, in public and private schools.

She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as a “critical (重要的) needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers.

“Our government wants to increase our language compet ency (能力) for national security and economic competitiveness,” Abbott said.

At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes established in many US states.

For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors (主办) Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.

Choose the best answer:

1. Thomas Cheatham decided to study Mandarin instead of Latin because he thought ______.

A. Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin

B. Mandarin might help him learn more about Chinese food

C. Mandarin could enable him to make more friends online

D. Mandarin could be advantageous in his future career

2. The underlined word “proficiency” in Paragraph 6 probably means ______.

A. strong interest

B. great skill

C. lack of practice

D. a level of difficulty

3. Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?

A. Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.

B. The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.

C. Many Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.

D. Those competent at Chinese will be the most competitive in the US in the future.

4. What is the main idea of the article?

A. The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.

B. The influence of China’s growing power on American education.

C. The benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.

D. How Confucius Institutes in the US help promote Mandarin.

Passage 4．

Best place for Disney

Having a year-round comfortable climate and being close to several European countries, many thought that Paris was the perfect location for Europe’s first Disneyland. But culturally speaking, Paris was probably the least logical choice. This is because France is known for its reputation of smirking (得意地笑) at anything American –an attitude called “anti-Americanism”.

Despite this, Disney opened a park in Paris anyway.

Opening in 1992, this year marks its 25th anniversary. So how has it managed to survive for so long in a country that some thought may not welcome it?

According to NPR, “America poses (造成) a danger to e verything the French hold dear.” For example, France is famous for its fancy cuisine (菜肴) and people there usually spend a long time over meals. But the US’ fast food – hotdogs and hamburgers, to name two – introduced a completely different dining style. And in the film industry, while French culture values low-plot and high-art films, Hollywood’s fast-food-style film productions may seem of low taste in the eyes of the French. “In the land of Louis XIV’s real Castle of Versailles … why do we need the fake one of Sleeping Beauty?” is the reaction of many French people toward the US theme park, according to The Baltimore Sun newspaper.

There used to be doubt over whether the Disney magic would work in France. But this doubt has been proved unnecessary now that the park has being standing for 25 years. And according to The Telegraph, Disneyland Paris was visited by nearly 15 million people last year, half of whom were French.

“France is changing. Slowly, its way of life is beginning to resemble (与……相似) that of the

country it loves to hate,” commented The Economist.

Today, even though French people are still seen as “aloof (冷淡的)” and proud of their own culture more than anything, they are already a part of the trend of globalization and there is no getting out of it.

“At the core, America gives us the same effect as ice cream,” French journalist Jacqueline Remy once wrote in L’Express magazine. “It makes us sick, but we keep asking for it.”

Choose the best answer:

1. What is the article mainly about?

A. How French people hold an “anti-American” attitude.

B. How Paris was the perfect location for Europe’s first Disneyland.

C. The characteristics of French people and their unique culture.

D. A look at France’s changing attitude toward US culture.

2. The examples in Paragraph 4 are used to show that ______.

A. French people have a better taste in films

B. France is famous for its cuisine and movies

C. American culture is important to the French

D. American culture may threaten French culture

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Disneyland Paris according to the article?

A. It was designed to look like the Castle of Versailles.

B. Most French people refuse to visit it.

C. It is a popular destination for French tourists.

D. It mixes American and French culture.

4. What can be concluded from the last three paragraphs?

A. French people are no longer proud of their own culture.

B. Most French people consider globalization a bad influence.

C. American culture is having an influence on French people’s lives.

D. French people are completely open to American culture.

Passage 5．

Simple life makes us happy

What makes us happy?

There has long been a notion (观念) that money buys happiness. However, although “we really, really tried that for a couple of generations, it d idn’t work,” said Francine Jay, author of The Joy of Less, A Minimalist Living Guide: How to Declutter, Organize, and Simplify Your Life.

Thanks to a travel-inspired revelation (启发), Jay has been happily living a simpler life for 12 years. “I always packed as lightly as possible, and found it exhilarating (令人高兴的) to get by with just a small carry-on bag,” she told CNN. “I thought if it feels this great to travel lightly, how amazing would it be to live this way? I wanted to have that same feeling of freedom in my everyday life.”Jay decided to get rid of all her excess (额外的) possessions and live with just the essentials (必需品). “I wanted to spend my time and energy on experiences, rather than things.”

Jay is a follower of a movement called “minimalism (极简主义)”. Growing numbers of people have been attracted to this lifestyle all over the world. They share the same feeling of disappointment with modern life and a desire to live more simply. Minimalists are typically progressive (革新的) and concerned about the environment, Leah Watkins, a lead researcher at Otago University in New Zealand, told Stuff magazine in March.

But many simply experienced unhappiness caused by owning too many possessions. Depression (沮丧) with the materialism of our world isn’t new. English ro mantic poet William Wordsworth summed up how dispiriting (令人消沉的) this was back in 1802, at the beginning of the industrial age, when he wrote: “Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers”. His preference was to go back to nature. Closer to our own times, the hippies (嬉皮士) of the 1960s also sought to “drop out” of modern life.

And for many minimalists, their key is to unload. Without objects, they “believe people are forced more and more into the present moment and that’s where life happens,” wrote Stuff.

But does simplicity ever feel like a sacrifice (牺牲)?

“It’s eliminating the excess – unused items, unnecessary purchases – from your life. Well, I may have fewer possessions, but I have more space … Minimalism is making room for what matters most,” said Jay.

And “the real questions”, according to Duane Elgin, US social scientist, are “what do you care about?” and “What do you value?”

He told CNN: “It’s important for people to realize [minimalism] isn’t simply the amount of stuff we consume. It’s about our families, our work, our connection with the larger world, our spiritual dimension. It’s about how we touch the whole world. It’s a way of life.”

Choose the best answer:

1. What was the author’s main purpose in writing the text?

A. To argue whether money buys happiness.

B. To recommend one of Francine Jay’s books.

C. To explore the trend of minimalism.

D. To give tips on how to lead a happy life.

2. What inspired Francine Jay to live a simple life?

A. A book she came across.

B. A follower of minimalism she met on a trip.

C. The pleasure she enjoyed from traveling lightly.

D. Her desire to keep up with modern life.

3. The underlined word “eliminating” in the second-to-last paragraph probably means ______.

A. removing

B.distinguishing

C.accepting

D. improving

4. Which of the following would Duane Elgin probably agree with?

A. Minimalism is a healthy lifestyle that is in conflict with modern life.

B. Minimalism means people have to sacrifice some pleasure to live simply.

C. Minimalism limits people’s freedom to enjoy their lives to the fullest.

D. Minimalism enables people to reflect on what truly counts in their lives.

七选五：

（1）考什么？①分析短文篇章结构：分析篇章结构、把握全篇文脉是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次，即句际层次。尤其是选项与前（后）句之间的逻辑关

(完整版)2018年高考英语全国卷2(附答案)

2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试 英语试题 （本试卷共12页。时间：120分钟总分：150分） 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡ 19. 15 B. ￡ 9. 18 C. ￡ 9. 15 答案是C。 第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What does John find difficult in learning German? A. Pronunciation. B. V ocabulary. C. Grammar. 2.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Colleagues. B. Brother and sister. C. Teacher and student. 3.Where does the conversation probably take place? A. In a bank. B. At a ticket office. C. On a train. 4.What are the speakers talking about? A. A restaurant. B. A street. C. A dish. 5.What does the woman think of her interview? A. It was tough. B. It was interesting. C. It was successful. 第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间

2018年高考英语试题(全国卷Ⅱ)

2018年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国卷Ⅱ) 英语 （考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分） 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1．5分，满分7．5分） 听下面5短对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1．What does John find difficult in learning German？ A．Pronunciation．B．Vocabulary．C．Grammar． 2．What is the probable relationship between the speakers？ A．Colleagues．B．Brother and sister．C．Teacher and student．3．Where does the conversation probably take place？ A．In a bank．B．At a ticket office．C．On a train． 4．What are the speakers talking about？ A．A restaurant． B．A street． C．A dish． 5．What does the woman think of her interview？ A．It was tough． B．It was interesting．C．It was successful． 第二节（共15小题；每小题1．5分，满分22．5分） 听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6．When will Judy go to a party？ A．On Monday．B．On Tuesday．C．On Wednesday． 7．What will Max do next？ A．Fly a kite．B．Read a magazine．C．Do his homework． 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

【分析】2018年高考英语全国3卷真题

〖解密〗2018年高考英语全国III卷真题解析 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A

Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday —Friday (closed on Saturday) 11:00am —4:00pm, 30th March —2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50 Special Events Producers’ Market13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August

2018年高考英语(全国I卷)试题及参考答案(word版)

绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. ￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C. ￡9.15. 答案是C。 1. What will James do tomorrow? A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk. C. Write a report. 2. What can we say about the woman? A. She’s generous. B. She’s curious. C. She’s helpful. 3. When does the train leave? A. At 6:30. B. At 8:30. C. At 10:30. 4. How does the woman go to work? A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bike. 5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Classmates. B. Teacher and student. C. Doctor and patient. 英语试题第1页（共14页）

上海高考英语题型+阅读分析

上海高考英语题型+阅读分析

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