外研新标准版初中英语八年级下册单元测试-Module 9

Module 9Heroes

初中英语考点剖析与典题精讲系列

三点剖析

单词·典句·考点

avoid v.避免

【经典例句】I crossed the street to avoid meeting him.

我横穿马路以便避开他。

【考点聚焦】1）avoid doing ...表示“避免做某事”。

2）英语中有一些动词，只能用动名词或名词作宾语，而不能用不定式作宾语。

常用的有enjoy 享受，finish 完成，consider 考虑，imagine 想像，practice 练习，miss 错过,give up 放弃，put off推辞等。

brave adj.勇敢的

【经典例句】It was brave of him to enter the burning building to save the old man.

他到失火的大楼里去救那个老人，真是太勇敢了。

【考点聚焦】1）派生词：bravery n.勇敢

bravely adv.勇敢地

2）brave 在句中既可以作表语，又可以作定语。

excuse n.借口v.原谅

【经典例句】She excused herself for being late.

她为她的迟到辩解。

What’s your excuse for being late again?

你再次迟到的理由是什么？

【考点聚焦】1）习惯用语：excuse me打扰一下。

2）其他含有excuse 的常见短语：

excuse oneself 替自己辩解

excuse oneself from 借口推脱，婉言谢绝

make an excuse for 为……找一个借口

rewrite v.重写

【巧记提示】re-(又，在)+write(写)

【经典例句】Please rewrite the following sentence.

请重写下面的句子。

【考点聚焦】1）re-是个前缀，表示“又，在”意。

2）类似结构的词还有：

rebuild 重建，reread重读，reuse 重新利用，recycle 再循环

treat v.治疗

【经典例句】It is difficult to treat a patient with cancer.

对癌症病人的治疗是困难的。

【考点聚焦】1）派生词：treatment n.治疗

2）treat 指治疗，包括外伤、内伤，也包括药物和非药物治疗。

3）treat 还可以作“对待”讲，此时构成短语：

treat as 看作，treat...with...(用)……来对待……

injured adj.受伤的

【经典例句】The injured were taken to hospital by ambulance.

受伤者被救护车送进了医院。

【考点聚焦】1）injured 除了具有形容词的含义之外，也是动词injure(受伤)的过去式。2）在英语中“the +形容词”可以用来表示“一类人”。例如：

the injured 伤者the old 老人

the young 年轻人the poor穷人

the rich 富人

invent v.发明，创造

【经典例句】Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

1876年亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔发明了电话。

【考点聚焦】1）扩展词：invention n.发明

inventor n.发明家

2）invent sth.发明……

3）辨析invent 和discover:

invent 指发明出以前不曾存在的物体；

discover 指“发现”，发现的物体一直存在，只是不被人所知。

operate v.动手术

【经典例句】The doctors operated on her stomach.

医生给她的胃动了手术。

【考点聚焦】1）扩展词：operation n.手术

2）operate on...给……做手术

an operation on...给……做手术

短语·典句·考点

so that 为了，以便于

【经典例句】He worked hard so that he could save thousands of people’s lives.

为了能够挽救许许多多人的生命，他努力工作着。

【考点聚焦】1）so that在句中用来引导目的状语从句，可以与in order that互换。

2）so... that ...在句中引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。

3）常见的so短语：

so far到现在（或这里）为止，and so on等等

on one’s own独自，自己

【经典例句】He did the work on his own.他独立工作。

【考点聚焦】注意of one’s own和on one’s own的区别：

of one’s own拥有

on one’s own独自，靠自己，通过自己的努力

come up出现，发生

【经典例句】This kind of question never came up.从不曾发生过这种问题。

【考点聚焦】1）come up有多个含义，分别是“走进；上来；出现；被提拔；长出；发芽”等。

2）请注意掌握come的其他常见短语：

come about形成come in进来

come back回来，折回come on快来

come true变成现实，实现come out出来，出版

come up with ...找到答案/解决方法

give one’s life to献身于

【经典例句】The old woman gave her life to helping the poor.

这个老人投身于帮助穷人上。

【考点聚焦】1）give one’s life to ...中的to是介词，后面跟动词时要接动词的-ing形式。2）含有give的其他常见短语：

give in屈服give up放弃

give a talk作报告give back归还，退回

give off发出（光等）give out分发

in spite of尽管

【经典例句】In spite of his great success, he still lives in countryside with his mother.

尽管他很成功，他仍然和他妈妈住在乡下。

【考点聚焦】1）in spite of是介词短语。后面要接名词、代词或动名词的形式。

2）注意although, though和in spite of的区别：

although和though可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管、虽然”。但是与in spite of不同的是although和though是连词，后面要接从句。

in the end最后

【经典例句】All will turn out well in the end.

一切都终究会好起来的。

【考点聚焦】1）in the end等于at last和finally。

2）掌握和end相关的其他短语：

at the end of ...在……末尾处（一般接地点）

by the end of ...到……为止（一般接时间）

take care of照顾

【经典例句】The old should be taken good care of by the young.年轻人应该照顾好老人。【考点聚焦】1）注意take care的含义是“当心，小心”，take care of的含义是“照看，照顾”，后面要加宾语。

2）短语中的care 为名词，“好好照顾”take good care of ,形容词good 修饰名词care。

3）同义词组：look after；短语look after,可用副词well 修饰。

难句·剖析·拓展

I am looking forward to this!我期待着（听这首曲子）。

【剖析】look forward to表示“期望，盼望”，其中的to是介词，后面可接名词、代词或动名词形式。

He saw many soldiers die in the war. Later he invented new treatments to help soldiers, and medical tools to use outside hospitals.

他看到很多士兵死于战场。后来他发明了新的治疗方法来救治士兵，还发明了能用于医院之外的医疗器械。

【剖析】1）see sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事”,是指看到做的全过程。

2）medical tools to use outside hospitals中的to use outside hospitals是不定式结构作后置定语修饰前面的“医疗器械”。

【拓展】1)see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”,强调当时这一片断。

2）除了不定式之外，分词短语也可以作后置定语修饰前面的名词或代词。

Once, he performed operations for 69 hours without stopping, and saved 112 people.

有一次，他连续做了69个小时的手术，挽救了112个人。

【剖析】1）本句是一个含有并列谓语performed和saved的简单句,注意并列结构中前后词形和时态等方面的一致性。

2）without是介词，含义是“没有……”,后面如果接动词，要用动词的-ing形式。

【拓展】介词后面可以接名词、代词和动名词。

His work with the Chinese soldiers made him a hero in China.

他为中国士兵所做的一切使他在中国成了一名英雄。

【剖析】1）本句是一个简单句，主语是His work with the Chinese soldiers。

2）句中的made him a hero的含义是“使他成了一名英雄”，a hero作him的宾语补足语。

语法·剖析·活用

状语从句

在上一个模块中我们学习了用不同的引导词引导时间状语从句，在本模块中，我们介绍其他几种状语从句的具体应用。看下表所示：

注意：目的状语从句中的时态表示未来，可能性；而结果状语从句中表示已经发生。

1.引导原因状语从句的连词

原因状语从句一般由because, since, as, for引导，注意as,because,since和for的区别:

1)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:

I missed the train because I got up late.

注:对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句回答。

2)如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since，since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:

As he was not well,I decided to go there without him.

Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another.

3)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:

I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry.

2.引导结果状语从句的连词

除so之外，还有so/such...that...,so that等。

1) so...that结构在某种情况下可以与enough to和too...to结构相互转换。如:

She is so short that she can’t reach the buttons of the lift.

=She is too short to reach the buttons of the lift.

2）so that也可以引导结果状语从句,意为“结果是，以致”。如:

They missed the bus so that they were late for class.

3.引导目的状语从句的连词

so that可引导目的状语从句,此时可用to或in order to替换,将其改为简单句。如: He got up early so that he could get to school on time.

=He got up early（in order）to get to school on time.

【活学活用】

根据句意填上合适的引导词

1）I want to be a singer ________ I get up early to practice singing every day.

答案：so

2）________ you are my teacher, you couldn’t mistake me either.

答案：Although

3）I find a new house to live in________ the old one is far from my company.

答案：because

4）________ she has time tomorrow, we will go shopping together.

答案：If

5）The supper was ready ________ I got home.

答案：when

6）I didn’t sleep last night ________ I finished my homework.

答案：until

7）You should take off your shoes ________ you go into the lab.

答案：before

8）I was surfing on the Internet ________ my sister was watching TV.

答案：while

9）________ I finished reading the book, I had learnt a lot.

答案：After

10）He likes listening to music ________ he doesn’t like singing at all.

答案：but

典题精讲

经典例题

例1(2010河北中考) —Could you tell me ________ tomorrow morning? —Well, it will start at 9:00 o’clock.

A.when the meeting will start

B.where will the meeting start

C.where the meeting starts

D.when the meeting would start

思路解析：本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的从句要用陈述语序，Could you...?表达委婉的语气，而不是过去时，根据答语可以知道引导词要用when，所以本题选择A项。

答案：A

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选D项，因为没有注意到句中could 不是表达过去时。

绿色通道：在含有宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句用什么语序，从句必须用陈述语序，时态取决于主句的谓语时态，即主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况选用不同的时态，主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。但应注意Could/Would you...?表达委婉的语气，不是过去时。

例2(2010江苏苏州中考) —What will you do if it ________tomorrow?

—I’ll stay at home and watch the match on TV.

A.rain

B.rains

C.will rain

D.is raining

思路解析：本题考查if 引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。所以本题选择B项。

答案：B

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选C项。因为有的同学只注意tomorrow 应该用将来时，而忽略了if 从句。

绿色通道：本题的关键是if 引导的条件状语从句。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。类似的还有as soon as,before,when,until 等引导的从句。

例3(2010江苏南京中考) We’ll try our best to do the work with________ money and ________people.

A.little;few

B.a few; a little

C.less;fewer

D.fewer;less

思路解析：本题考查less 和fewer 的用法。less后接不可数名词，fewer后接可数名词。所以本题选择C项。

答案：C

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选A项。许多同学不能正确理解句子的意思，将此题错误地用了原级。

绿色通道：money为不可数名词，只能用little,a little 或less修饰；people 为可数名词的复数，应用a few,few 或fewer修饰。

例4(2010黑龙江哈尔滨中考) The boy was able to ________himself when he was very young.

A.dress

B.wear

C.put on

D.have on

思路解析：本题考查词组dress oneself,意思是“自己穿衣服”。所以本题选A项。

答案：A

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选C项，因为没有搞清楚put on 后接表衣服的名词，而不是接人。绿色通道：做本题的关键是掌握dress的用法，以及和wear,put on的区别。dress, put on,意思是“穿上”，表示动作；dress 之后通常接人，不接衣服；put on后跟表衣服的名词；wear 意思是“穿着”，表示状态。

例5(2010江苏徐州中考) Don’t make me________this or that.I’m too busy!

A.to do

B.do

C.doing

D.done

思路解析：本题考查make sb.do的结构，所以本题选B项。

答案：B

黑色陷阱：本题容易错选A项，因为有的同学认为make sb.后接动词不定式作宾语补足语。绿色通道：make sb.do 动词不定式作宾语补足语，应省略to,类似的词还有let，have 等。

原创题

In 100 years...

1.There will be________ houses.

2.There will be ________ pollution.

3.There will be________schools.

4.There will be ________ people.

5.There will be________ snow.

6.There will be ________ movie theaters.

思路解析：该题一方面考查学生识读图表、从图表中获取有关信息的能力，另一方面又考查对more, fewer,less三词的掌握情况。

答案：1.more 2.less 3.fewer 4.more 5.less 6.fewer

黑色陷阱：fewer和less 都表示“更少”，但fewer只能修饰可数名词的复数；而less是little 的比较级，它只能修饰不可数名词。

绿色通道：做对本题的关键是确切掌握more, fewer ,less 的用法：more意为“更多”，既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词；fewer意为“更少”，只修饰可数名词；less意为“更少”，只可修饰不可数名词。

巧学法园地

直接引语变间接引语巧记歌

变一般疑问句

去掉引号加if(或whether),陈述语序要记住。

时态、人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。

变特殊疑问句

直接去引导，陈述莫忘掉。

助动三兄弟（do,does,did），一定要去掉。

祈使句变间接引语

去掉引号要加to,asked,ordered 加“告诉”（told）

直引若为否定句，not加在to前部。

外研社八年级英语_Module_2_Experiences_知识点外研社(新标准)

Module 2 Experiences （一）重点单词 ［单词学习］ 1. experience n. 经验（不可数），经历（可数） 【例句】She has little experience because she has worked for only one month. He had many interesting experiences while travelling in Africa. ［考题链接］ Mr. Guo is a teacher of much teaching__________（经验）. 【用法】用作动词，表示“体验”“经历”等。 【例句】He experienced a great adventure. 2. kind n. 种类；adj. 仁慈的，和善的 【用法】all kinds of 各种各样的 【例句】There are all kinds of animals in the zoo. It’s kind of you to invite me to your party. 注意：This kind of books is very good. 这类书都很不错。（把这类书看作一个整体) 3. problem n. 问题，难题 【考查点】辨析：problem 与question problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词solve或settle（解决）搭配。 而question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。 【例句】The problem is difficult to solve. May I ask you some questions？ ［考题链接］They have some ________ about getting there. A. questions B. problems C. question D. problem 答案：B 解题思路：要完成以上题目，必须了解question和problem的区别，从而选择正确答案。该句的意思是他们到达那儿有一定的难度。question多指要求回答的问题，而problem是指较难或有待解决的问题。 4. ever adv. 永远，曾经，究竟 【用法】主要用于否定句、疑问句等，常位于助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前，意思是“曾经”“以前”，有时往往有较灵活的译法。 【例句】Have you ever been abroad? ［考题链接］—Have you ______ read the poem? —Yes, I really enjoy it. A. still B. ever C. yet D. never 答案：B 解题思路：考查副词，问句为现在完成时，可以和完成时连用的副词有ever, yet, never,结合句意可知答案为B。 5. before prep. 以前；在……之前 【考查点】辨析：before与ago ago 是副词，“……以前”。它指从此刻起若干时间以前，常与过去时连用。 【例句】His parents died ten years ago.

外研版高中英语选修7Module 2 单元测试卷

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Module1Unit1单元测试卷 一、单项选择（共25小题；每题1分，共25分） 1. The Belt and Road is a new force of promoting the development of the world economy, that will further push China's opening up. A. the one B. one C. ones D. the ones 【答案】B【解析】句意：一带一路是一种新的促进世界经济发展的力量，这将进一步推动中国的改革开放。此句考察代词的的应用，此处的词代指前面整句话的意思，应用one。故选B。 2. Many people fixed their eyes on me when I made that silly mistake, made me rather embarrassed. A. that B. who C. which D. when 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意可知，当我犯这种愚蠢的问题时，很多人眼睛盯着我，这让我相当难看。分析句子可知本句是非限制性定语从句，本句所填的词，指代前面的整个句意，即我犯的愚蠢的错误，（这件事）让我难看。在定语从句指代上文的句子的，要用关系词which，因此选C 3. Is this the factory _______ you visited the other day? A. in which B. which C. where D. the one 【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句的用法。这是你几天前参观过的工厂吗？这类题可以先把它转换成陈述句在做：this is the factory __you visited the other day .则可知"__you visited the other day " 是定语从句修饰factory 的，先行词是factory，可以用关系代词that, which或不填，结合句意，故选A。 4. Doctor Smith, who in Shanghai for more than ten years, is considering working in Huaian, but he hasn't decided yet. A. had worked B. has been working C. is working D. works 【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在上海工作了十年多的史米斯医生正在考虑去淮安工作，但他还没有决定。分析句子可知，本句中的who指代前面的先行词doctor Smith，是单数。而根据后面的内容可知，本句中的史密斯先生在上海已工作了十多年，现在还在上海，故要用现在完成时 5. Bob, get this film _______. I want to know if this camera works. A. washed B. developed C. printed D. shown 【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。A. 洗；洗刷 B. 打印；印刷 C. 展示 D. 发展；使显影。句意：鲍勃，把这个胶卷快点洗出来。我想知道这部相机是否效果很好。故选B，是胶卷显出影像。 6. My new classmate told us about his trip to ____ Great Wall. He said it was ______ exciting experience for him. A. the; an B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. 不填; a 【答案】A【解析】考查冠词。句意为我的新同学告诉我关羽去长城的旅游。他说对他来说这是一次令人激动的经历。第一个空Great Wall为专有名词，所以前面要加定冠词the；第二个空，一次令人激动的经历是泛指，experience开头因为原因，所以用an。 7. If you go and study in Britain, you can get up an hour later ______ as schools in China begins before 8 a.m. A. as usual B. as usually C. than usual D. than usually 【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语。句意为如果你去英国学习你可以早上晚起一个小时，因为中国早上上课时在八点前。As usual 像往常一样than usual 比以往早 8. The past ten years have the great changes in all fields of our life, especially in the way we communicate. A. assumed B. witnessed C. required D. expressed 【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在过去的十年里，我们生活的各个领域都发生了巨大的变化，尤其是在交流方式上。assume承担，假定，认为，装出；witness 见证，目击；require需要，要求，命令；express表达，表情。本句是一种拟人的说法，其主语是过去的十年，即过去的十年见证（witness）了巨大的变化，分析句子可知，本句要用一般过去时。所以要用B。 9. English and French are taught here. You can choose you like. A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever

外研版选修七module2重点知识与练习(精)

Ⅰ . 单词荟萃 1.settle v .解决;安顿→ _________ n .协议;解决;安顿→ ______ n .移居者;殖民者 2. ___________ adj . 好强的;好竞争的→ compete vi . 比赛;竞争;竞赛→ competitor n .竞赛者;比赛者;竞争者 3. ____ v .选举;推选→ _______ n .选举;推选→ elector n .选举人 4. suit v .合适;适合→ _______ adj . 合适的;适宜的;适当的 5. attract v .吸引→ ________ adj . 有吸引力的→ attraction n .吸引力;吸引 6. activity n .活动→ ______ adj . 积极地;活跃的→ _______ adv . 活跃地;活泼地; 积极地→ action n .行为;行动;作用;影响 7. ______ n .能力;本领;技能→ ____ adj . 能;能干的→ ably adv . 能干地;巧妙地 8. tradition n .传统→ __________ adj . 传统的 9. decoration n .装饰物→ _________v .装饰;装潢;装修 Ⅱ . 短语检测 1.回顾;回忆 2.课外活动 3.玩得开心 4.参加学校旅游 5.就我而言 6.被看作;被认为是……

7.赶快开始;赶快行动 8.完成;结束 9.这取决于你 10.在…… 和你观点相同 look back at afterschool activities have fun be on a school trip as far as I’m concerned be considered as get going/moving be through/be finished it’s up to you be with you on … Ⅲ . 佳句再现 1. _____________________ that in a few days’ time I’ll be walking out of the school gates forever. 想想过几天我就要永远走出校门了,似乎有一种别样的感觉。 2. ___________________________ , students show their special talents, their ability to lead, and their ability to get on with others. 通过参加这些活动,学生们展示自己的特殊才能、领导能力和与他人相处的能力。 3. ____________________ is an opportunity ____________ many different kinds of outdoor activities, for example, horse riding and water skiing. 这些营地所提供的就是参加诸如骑马、划水这样的各种各样的户外活动机会。 4. Every day I ___________ my mailbox, _____________ my mummy’s airmail letter. 每天我都去查看邮箱,盼望着妈妈的航空来信。 Ⅳ . 词汇学习 1settle v . 调停,解决;决定,确定;安排好;定居,停留;舒适地坐下;平静下来