(英语)高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)

（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题(有答案和解析)

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Ana, her husband Mario, and their four-year old son Antonio just moved to North Carolina. They need a temporary place to call "home" until they get settled into their new surroundings. So, Ana figured that she had better start looking for an apartment for them to stay in.

First, Ana picked up an Apartment Book at her local newspaper stand. The Apartment Book contained listings of all the major apartment complexes in her area.

Ana started by looking at the prices in the advertisements for apartments in the Apartment Book. Then, she read about the amenities that each apartment complex offered. For example, some apartments had a clubhouse, a gym (also called a "fitness center"), and a pool. After considering prices, amenities, and locations, Ana found a few apartment complexes that she liked. Ana called the apartment complexes. She set up appointments with the apartment managers to see the apartments she found interesting. Ana made five phone calls, total. "I'll see you then," she said to the fifth apartment manager, and hung up the phone.

When Mario got home (to the hotel in which they were staying) from work, Ana showed him the list of apartments. "These look good," he said.

"Mommy, let me see," said Antonio, whom Mario had just brought home from childcare. Ana showed Antonio the pictures of the apartments.

The next day, while Mario was at work and Antonio was at childcare, Ana visited the apartment complexes. After visiting all five, she found that she liked the fifth one the best. It was near a good school system for her son, and it was near her and her husband's workplace. She went home and discussed it with her husband, and they decided that they wanted to rent the apartment. The next day, they called the manager of the apartment complex and told him that they would like the apartment.

The manager asked them to sign a rental contract and pay a security deposit so that if any damage was done to the apartment while they were in it, the security deposit would pay for it. They signed the rental contract and paid the security deposit.

Finally, they had a place to stay.

（1）Which of the following is not an amenity?

A.Clubhouse.

B.Fitness center.

C.Pool.

D.High ceilings.

（2）What did Ana consider while looking through the Apartment Book?

A.Prices.

B.Amenities.

C.Locations.

D.All of the above.

（3）Why is the security deposit needed when people rent a house?

A.Because it ensures that a renter will pay the rent on time.

B.Because it ensures that a renter will not have pets on the property.

C.Because it ensures that any damage done to the apartment will be paid for by the renter.

D.Because it ensures that any damage done to the apartment is kept to a minimum.

（4）What do we know about Ana?

A.She was a smart and organized wife.

B.She signed the rental contract on her own.

C.She bought a home for her family in Carolina.

D.Her husband worked in a hotel.

【答案】（1）D

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了安娜一家搬到北卡罗来纳州后，安娜租房子的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Then, she read about the amenities that each apartment complex offered. For example, some apartments had a clubhouse, a gym (also called a ‘fitness center’), and a pool.”可知，俱乐部，健身中心，游泳池都为便利设施，而high ceilings在文中未提及。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“After considering prices, amenities, and locations, Ana found a few apartment complexes that she liked.”可知，安娜在翻阅出售公寓的小册子时考虑了价格、便利设施和位置。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The manager asked them to sign a rental contract and pay a security deposit so that if any damage was done to the apartment while they were in it, the security deposit would pay for it.”可知，租赁人住的公寓有任何损坏，就会用押金来支付，对公寓造成的任何损害都将由租赁人赔偿。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知安娜租房时，选择房子，考虑一系列价格、便利设施和位置，并且参观了所有五家公寓大楼，最后租下了一间公寓，可以推断出她是个聪明、有条理的妻子。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机)on wheels would one day become a thing? Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.

Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question. "How can I use a treadmill outdoors?" He eventually came up with a design, to which he added an electric engine, and Lopifit was born. The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle in that the motor only works when the rider puts power in as well. The Lopifit senses it when you walk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill,

helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.

To use the Lopifit, simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwards and activate (激活) the motor. Then get on and enjoy the ride! If you need speed, just walk on the treadmill, and if you want to coast, all you have to do is stay still and admire the view. To stop, you have two hand brakes available.

The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and, unsurprisingly, became an instant hit. That was actually quite challenging for the company, because it started get inquiries and calls for orders, but it was nowhere near ready for mass production. The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $ 2,115.

But despite having a very loyal fan-base of so-called Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. They basically believe that if you're going to walk, you might as well do it the old-fashioned way. But the Lopifit does have the unique advantage of helping you walk really fast without breaking a sweat, or walking at cycling speed, if you will.

（1）With the help of Lopifit, you can ________.

A. cycle to work by walking

B. offer power to any bicycle

C. create a treadmill on wheels

D. answer some hard questions

（2）From the second paragraph, we can learn ________.

A. how Lopifit was created

B. where Lopifit can be used

C. who Lopifit is intended for

D. which design is suitable for Lopifit

（3）What can be learned from the fourth paragraph?

A. Lopifit was cheap and available in 2014.

B. Lopifit always broke down on the streets.

C. It was hard for the company to design Lopifit.

D. The supply of Lopifit failed to meet the demand.

（4）How do the public react to Lopifit?

A. Positively.

B. Variously.

C. Angrily.

D. Cautiously.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了Bruin从跑步机上获得灵感，发明了一款“走路自行车”，在这款自行车上不需要跑步，走路就行的自行车——Lopifit。Lopifit 非常受欢迎，供不应求。

(1)细节理解题。由第一段Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle by walking on a treadmill.可知，在Lopifit的帮助下，你可以走路去工作，选A。

(2)推理判断题。由第二段Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question可知，这一段主要讲了“走路自行车”是如何被发明的，选A。

(3)推理判断题。由第四段The unique treadmill bicycle became available this year, and Lopifit is

struggling to keep up with demand, despite the high price tag of $ 2,115.可知，从第四段，我们可以推断出这款自行车供不应求，选D。

(4)推理判断题。由最后一段But despite having a very loyal fan- base of so-called Lopifitters, the creative means of transportation also has naysayers who simply consider the invention stupid and unnecessary. 可知，这款自行车有许多忠实的粉丝，但是也有许多摇头党，所以可以推断出人们对于这款自行车持各种各样的态度，选B。

【点评】细节理解题：考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等议论文中例证细节和定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。

1.事实细节题→寻读法

分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, what, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。

2. 排列顺序题→首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围）常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。

3. 图文匹配题→按图索骥理清线索：设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。

4. 数字计算题→（方法：审题→带着问题找细节→对比、分析、计算）可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。

3．阅读理解

Average humans can consume 15 or more drinks in plastic bottles a month. If you were born after 1978, and live until 80 years old, you will leave behind a minimum of 14,400 plastic bottles on this planet. These bottles take hundreds of years to break down into tiny pieces of plastic, never to completely disappear. Most of the waste is consumed by fish and birds, which has shortened their lifetime greatly.

The Plastic Bottle Village is just a great idea that might finally save us from being buried in plastic. It's a community in Panama that is going to be made of used bottles. The design process begins with building steel frames, which are then filled with these bottles. Once this step is complete, and electrical and plumbing (管道装置) lines are put inside, the plastic walls are covered by concrete—both inside and outside. So no one will actually be able to tell that the walls are made of plastic. Besides, the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside.

The village is the brainchild (主意) of Robert Bezeau with the intention of setting up several environmental projects. Having started a recycling program four years ago, during which a number of plastic bottles were collected, he started to think of how they could be put to use. Soon enough, he decided to use them to build houses, and came up with a basic idea for the construction process.

The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they can do more to protect the environment. The village will also create an education center that will teach individuals from the world how to reuse plastic bottles as construction materials for shelter.

Recycled bottles could neutralize the negative effect of your passage on this planet, and move closer to leaving only your “footprints”.

（1）What does Paragraph 1 intend to tell us?

A. The reason for buying fewer drinks.

B. The difficult situation of wildlife.

C. The amount of plastic waste.

D. The seriousness of plastic pollution.

（2）What is the biggest benefit to people living in the Plastic Bottle Village?

A. The house will be much cooler than normal ones.

B. The material of construction will be reduced a lot.

C. The newly-made house can save a lot of electricity.

D. The waste of the house can be consumed by fish and birds.

（3）Which of the following words can best describe Robert?

A. Creative.

B. Courageous.

C. Enthusiastic.

D. Sensitive.（4）The main purpose of Robert's projects is to

A. provide shelter for locals

B. reuse all deserted plastic bottles

C. popularize the use of plastic bottles

D. raise people's environmental awareness

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】考查环保类文章。一个人一生中会留下许多塑料瓶子，这些瓶子要花上百年才能分解成碎片，而且永远不会完全消失，给地球留下太多的污染。于是Robert想出了用这此塑料瓶子建成房子，这种材料房子的室内温度相对凉爽，这对于环境来说更加环保。

（1）考查推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，一个人一生中会留下许多塑料瓶子，这些瓶子要花上百年才能分解成碎片，而且永远不会完全消失。大部分的废物被鱼和鸟所消耗，大大缩短了它们的寿命。由此可推测出这些塑料瓶子对地球的污染有多严重。故答案选D。

（2）考查细节理解中的一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合。根据第二段最后一句“the material will keep the house 17°C cooler than the outside, which is the biggest benefit to people living inside.”可知，这种材料可以使房子的温度比室外低17°，这对居住在室内的人来说是最大的好处。故答案A。

（3）考查推理判断题。根据全文可知这地球上的塑料瓶子要花上百年才能分解成碎片，而且永远不会完全消失，给地球留下太多的污染。于是Robert的项目就是用这些塑料瓶建成房子，这种材料房子的室内温度相对凉爽，不仅让利用废物，还环保了地球。可说是一个有创意性的项目，即Robert是一个有创造性的人。故答案选A。

（4）考查推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“The project hopes to make people conscious of the waste that these bottles create so that they c an do more to protect the environment. ”可知项目希望人们意识到这些瓶子造成的浪费，以便他们能做更多来保护环境，以此提高人们保护环境的意识。故答案选D。

【点评】细节判断题——定位法。通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解

解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。通过定位词解题，就是说我们在阅读题干的时候迅速的把题干中有标记意义的词或词组划记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。

4．阅读理解

We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

" We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."

The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.

Warm-blooded animals aren't immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.（1）What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Why some species become smaller.

B. How climate changes in Earth's history?

C. Climate change has many negative effects.

D. Species are becoming smaller as climate gets warmer.

（2）The underlined word "trumped" m the first paragraph probably mean_________. A. strengthened B. gained C. beaten D. equaled （3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________.

A. they have found the exact causes for creatures getting smaller

B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller

C. climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals

D. increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller

（4）What does the author feel about the climate change?

A. Disappointed

B. Optimistic

C. Worried

D. Shameful 【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响，人类需要尽快采取措施。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increas ed carbon dioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide” 可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种变小。可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。故“beat”与该词同义。选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。可知作者对气候变化很担心。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Finding true love can be prey tough for a lot of people, but a lady from a fairly well-known San Francisco advertising agency seems to think money helps. She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right. She wants to find her future husband through this way.

The unnamed husband seeker who sent out the email had just finished reading the best-selling book named Lean In. It was 11 p.m. on a Sunday night and she realized this was the second self-help book she had read in the month. She was still single. Things were not looking fine, but there was hope for her still. If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why should finding a husband be any different? But instead of going out and meeting new people she decided to write an email to all her friends, offering to give them $10,000 on her wedding day if any of them managed to introduce her to her future husband.

“I am writing you today because I've decided to make an aggressive action plan on finding the man that I get to hang out with forever,” the woman writes in her email. “Introducing me to my husband is just not high on your to-do list. But I think I have an idea that might change that…” You guessed it, and this is where she offers to reward her “closest friends” with cold hard cash.“I will personally give ten thousand dollars to the friend who introduces me to my husband.”

Here is how the program works:

Step 1: You set me up on a date with a man.

Step 2: I marry that man.

Step 3: I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.

I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”

（1）What does the lady offer $10,000 to any of her friends for?

A. Celebrating the fact that she has made a decision to find a husband.

B. Checking the power of money among her circle of friends.

C. Encouraging her friends to help find her Mr. Right.

D. Sharing her happiness of having found true love.

（2）What does the underlined word “nuts” mean in the last paragraph?

A. delicious

B. sensible

C. angry

D. foolish

（3）What's the purpose of the author's mentioning getting a better job in Paragraph 2?

A. To stress the importance of finding a good job.

B. To stress the importance of taking a positive attitude.

C. To show that waiting patiently is necessary to get a job.

D. To state that we need to be patient before a job is offered.

（4）What kind of person do you think the lady is?

A. Adventurous

B. Imaginative

C. Considerate

D. Polite

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。有一位女士为了找到一个丈夫，她许诺谁给她找到了Mr. Right.就给谁$10,000。人们认为她是“傻的”，没有给$10,000也能找到一个丈夫。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“She is offering $10,000 to any of her friends who can introduce her to her Mr. Right.”可知这位女士是为了鼓励朋友们帮助她找到她的Mr. Right.故选C。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据“I give you $10,000 on my wedding day.”和根据最后一段中的“I know you're thinking that this is nuts. Just plain crazy. 'You can find a husband without giving $10,000.' Well for starters, thank you! I'm happy.”这位女士给帮助她找到丈夫的人$10,000。这就是了。没有给$10,000.也能找到一个丈夫。由此推知划线词的意思是“愚蠢的，傻的”。故选D。(3)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“If the book had taught her anything, it was that she needed to take a more positive role in finding love. After all, if she wanted to get a better job, she wouldn't just sit outside an employer's building and wait for someone to offer it to her, so why

should finding a husband be any different?”可知提到一份好工作的目的是强调态度积极的重要性，故选B。

(4)考查推理判断。通读全文，我们可以知道这位女士为了找到一位丈夫，而付出一万美元，谁能帮她找到丈夫，谁就能得到这笔钱。这说明她是一个敢于冒险的人。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

From the loss of wildlife to rising sea levels, we're all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause.

But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly，it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate. According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes to the climate in the regions that produce cacao - the plant from which chocolate is produced - may mean that it will soon become extinct.

Most of the world's cacao grows in countries close to the equator，with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast.

It's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have accelerated the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there.

The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.

“In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,” Michon Scott, the ess ay's author, wrote.

To help fight this problem, researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene editing technology, according to US News.

In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.

“This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together,” Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.

The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst impacts of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.

（1）What could make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future?

A. The increased heat there.

B. The higher humidity there.

C. The decrease in rainfall there.

D. The moisture loss in the soil there.

（2）What does the underlined word “offset” in the seventh paragraph mean?

A. hold back

B. make up for

C. protect

D. accept

（3）What will US company Mars do to help cacao survive?

A. It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.

B. It will apply gene editing technology in planting cacao.

C. It will give financial support to help fight climate change.

D. It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.

（4）What may be the best title of this text?

A. Chocolate could become history

B. Work together to fight climate change

C. How do we grow cacao in the future?

D. How do cacao plants affect climate change?【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第七段中的“‘In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss,’ Michon Scott, the essay's author, wrote.”可知未来赤道附近的可可树很难存活，是因为那里土壤中水分的流失，故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“The problem doesn't lie in increased heat, however，but in lower humidity (湿度)，as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.可知In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture (含水量) loss”的意思是换句话说，高温带走了土壤和植物中更多的水分，降雨量的增长不足以抵消水量的流失，所以“offset”的意思是弥补，抵消，故选B。

(3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“In the meantime, US company Mars, one of the world's biggest manufacturers of chocolate products, announced in January that it would spend $1 billion to help reduce the effects of climate change.”可知美国的火星巧克力公司给予财政支援，用来帮助对抗气候的变化，故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了未来由于气候的变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Volunteer Opportunities

Ring the bells

The Salvation Army needs bell ringers for its annual Red Kettle Christmas Campaign. Two hour shifts begin on Nov.12 and run Mondays through Saturdays. Volunteers can contact Jim Evers at jimevers@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c4062629.html, or at 764-0962, or sign up online at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c4062629.html,.

Read to children

Join the United Way and Child Care Aware in supporting the development and learning of young children. Volunteers are needed to spend 30 minutes a week reading to children and guiding related activities using literacy kits（识字工具包）provided by Childcare Aware of Eastern Kansas .A two-hour literacy training will be provided. To ensure continuity for the children in the program, we are asking that volunteers make a six-month commitment. Please contact Shelly at 865-5030, ext.301 or at volunteer@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c4062629.html,.

Garden with a neighbor

Douglas Country Housing Inc. is looking for volunteers to assist a senior man in need of help with an overgrown garden before winter arrives. One to two hours of your time will make a huge difference in someone's quality of life. No previous gardening experience is required. Please e-mail rsovista@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c4062629.html, or call 842-1533.

Feed your friends

Just food fights hunger in our community. Help Just Food kick off the holiday season by packing. Thanksgiving meal boxes for families in need. Every year Just Food provides Thanksgiving meals to families in Douglas Country that will otherwise go without. Your help is needed for distributing these meals in advance of Thanksgiving. Help is needed on the following days and times:

9 a. m. –7 p. m. Monday, Nov. 21.

9 a. m. –7 p. m. Tuesday, Nov. 22.

The maximum number of volunteers is 15 at a time. To sign up, click here.

（1）What should people do if they choose to read to children?

A. Get trained.

B. Make a plan.

C. Promise to teach devotedly.

D. Work 30 minutes a day.

（2）If you like to help with gardening, you can get in touch with ________.

A. They take place on holiday.

B. They can be reached by phone.

C. They are about seeking volunteers.

D. They need some experience.

（3）What do the four activities have in common?

A. They take place on holiday.

B. They can be reached by phone.

C. They are about seeking volunteers.

D. They need some experience.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）C

【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了四个志愿者的工作机会。并且详细的介绍了每项工作的具体内容，工作时间，联系方式等。

（1）考查细节理解题。由文中Read to children部分中的A two-hour literacy training will be provided可知，如果选择给孩子们读书就要接受一个小时的培训，故答案选A。

（2）考查细节理解题。由文Garden with a neighbor部分中的Please e-mail rsovista@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3c4062629.html, or call 842-1533.可知，如果你想在园艺方面做志愿者，可以发邮件或者打电话联系。故答案选B。

（3）考查推理判断题。这四项工作后面都留有联系方式，可知他们都是想招募志愿者。C 选项正确。

【点评】英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤：

①排除干扰项，突出主题。事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断，可先排除干扰项。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 快速通篇跳读，自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

④注意识别指代词语。为避免重复，文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语，如同义词、近义词、代词等。

8．阅读理解

Durian(榴莲) is probably the smelliest fruit in the world, letting out an unusual unpleasant smell which would make anyone bring up. However, nobody was aware of what gave this fruit its unique smell, so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome (基因组) and find out,

Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits, mostly because of its awful appearance and smell. However, the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown, so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.

The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell, like rotten onions and ingredients. The smell lasts long, mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds. Other species usually benefit from two gene copies at most, but durian has four, leading to the striking smell.

However, this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild. Although we find it unpleasant, many animals might be attracted by it. If they eat the fruit, then they can easily spread its seeds everywhere, thus contributing to the distribution of the species.

The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species. First of all, the fruit has an impressive number of genes, namely 46,000. Also, with the help of these genes, they saw how it evolved, and discovered it was related to the cacao tree. All the other discoveries have been published in the journal Nature Genetics.

Despite the striking smell, many people actually enjoy eating the fruit. However, not all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause damage to our health, Even so, the fruit is often imported, significantly contributing to the economy.

（1）What give durian its unique smell?

A. Onions nearby.

B. Two gene copies.

C. Rotten ingredients in it.

D. Volatile sulfur compounds.

（2）What does the underlined word “evolved” in Paragra ph 5 probably mean?

A. Developed.

B. Escaped.

C. Predicted.

D. Tolerated.

（3）What can we infer from the text?

A. No birds enjoy eating durian.

B. Durian can be planted all over the world.

C. Some of durian species can not be eaten.

D. Durian has no relationship with the cacao tree.

（4）What's the best title for the text?

A. What's Durian?

B. The Influence of the Smell

C. The Distribution of Durian

D. The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian 【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit, and find the gene that controlled it. A group of genes, volatile sulfur compounds (含硫化合物), became very active in the fruit, and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。

(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved 是同义词。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“n ot all durian species are edible, and some of them may even cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

As one of the world's most popular cultural mediums, cinema is at the leading position at the Taihu World Cultural Forum(论坛), an annual event that aims to improve cultural exchanges. So far this year, Chinese box office has already topped 58 billion yuan, the China Film Administration said. This indicates that China, the world's second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world's top cinema market.

Cao Yin, director of the program center at China Movie Channel, said that China has 67,000 cinema screens. the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by

the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.) ,Cao added it has deepened cinematic exchanges between Chinese filmmakers and their foreign counterparts (同行).

With the country's huge native market, which produced more than 1,000 films in 2019, Hong Kong director Stanley Tong said he believes foreign filmmakers will increasingly seek cooperation with China. "International coproduction will become an important platform to send Chinese stories oversea and give us a broader vision of creation," Tong said.

Recently, over 80 percent of the world's top 100 highest box-office titles have been action films. Tong said the films, in which plots are basically secondary to shining stunts (特技), is one of the easiest ways to appeal to foreign audiences. But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas. When asked what kinds of Chinese films would have the most global appeal. Yan Zhaozhu, chairman of the Taihu World Cultural Forum, said stories that address universal issues, such as environmental protection and climate change, are perhaps the best options.

（1）What is the purpose of the Taihu World Cultural Forum?

A.To strengthen cultural exchanges.

B.To build more cinemas in China.

C.To invite more tourists to Taihu.

D.To attract more international investment.

（2）What can we infer about Cao Yin's opinion in Paragraph 2?

A.Chinese box office has already overtaken the United States so far

B.The screens of Chinese cinemas will be world-leading in the future

C.China has signed the most coproduction agreements with other countries

D.There will be more and more cooperations between Chinese filmmakers and other countries.（3）How do Chinese filmmakers feel about selling their movies to the world right now?

A.Easy.

B.Disappointed.

C.Challenged.

D.Confused.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Box Office: Unclear Future

B.China: Top Second Movie Market

C.Cinema: The Leading Cultural Position

D.Chinese Filmmakers: Severe Competition Situation

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了电影作为世界上最受欢迎的文化媒介之一在太湖世界文化论坛上处于领先地位。该论坛是一年一度的活动，旨在促进文化交流。中国电影总局说，今年到目前为止，中国电影票房已经突破580亿元人民币。这表明，中国

作为世界第二大电影市场，正在缩小与世界第一大电影市场美国之间的差距。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“...Taihu World Cultural Forum, an annual event that aims to improve cultural exchanges.”可知，太湖世界文化论坛是一年一度的活动，旨在促进文化交流。即举行太湖世界文化论坛的目的是加强文化交流。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Cao Yin…said that China has 67,000 cinema screens. the most of any country, and the number is expected to increase to 80,000 by the end of next year. Saying that China has signed coproduction agreements with 22 countries (including the United States, Canada, Japan. India etc.)”可知，曹寅说，中国有67,000个电影院。中国是拥有电影院最多的国家。到明年年底，这个数字有望增加到80,000。曹说，中国已经与22个国家（包括美国，加拿大，日本，印度等）签署了联合制作电影的协议。因此从曹寅所说的话中我们看得出中国电影制片人与其他国家之间将会有越来越多的合作。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But it has been a decades-long struggle for Chinese filmmakers to sell their stories overseas.”可知，中国电影制片人向海外出售电影故事已经经历了数十年的艰辛努力。即中国电影制片人在将中国电影推向世界的过程中付出了艰辛的努力，取得今天的成就并不容易，challenged意为“有挑战性的，不容易的”，符合文意。故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“This indicates that China, the world's second-largest movie market, is closing the gap with the United States, the world's top cinema market.”可知，中国是世界第二大电影市场，正在缩小与世界第一大电影市场美国之间的差距。因此文章的最佳标题是“中国：第二大电影市场”。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道。考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me something about their passwords. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the pressure they put on our memory and the endless demand to update them. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember them, they take on secret lives.

There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back. And there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose password is the name of the baby she lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him alive, I guess).

Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used "incorrect" for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically promoted them with the right one ("your password is incorrect").

Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness. After reading Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using "Wwssdol9", which stood for "What would Sheryl Sandberg do" plus "19" for the year (2019) of the password's creation. "TnsitTpsif" was the password of another friend, a

computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stood for "The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false". For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie.

The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her father's childhood home but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently, when the former 120 kg football standout was a small boy, he had to sing his home address (4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would embarrass him.（1）Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password?

A.To rebuild his reputation.

B.To remind him to act legally.

C.To fight against his poor memory.

D.To hide the unpleasant experience.

（2）What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandberg's book?

A.Doubtful.

B.Interesting.

C.Creative.

D.Inspiring.

（3）What might be the best title for the text?

A.The reasons why people hate passwords.

B.The unusual passwords.

C.The secret lives of passwords.

D.The best ways to make your passwords unique.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly te ll him not to go back.”可知这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using ‘Wwssdol9’, which stood for ‘What would Sheryl Sandberg do’plus '19’ for the year (2019) of the password's creation.”可知Cortni Kerr读完Sheryl Sandberg's book的书后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出Cortni Kerr认为Sheryl Sandberg的书很激励人心。故选D。

（3）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项C. The secret lives of passwords.“密码里的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

A new family moved in next door and I got to meet the mother of the family, Lydia. Lydia is Korean, and her family moved to our city so her husband could go to graduate school. We started talking, and she was apologetic about how bad her English was, but I didn't care. I knew how hard it was to learn a second language. I enjoyed chatting with Lydia as we watched our kids play.

It was what came next that challenged me: Lydia asked if I'd be willing to help her with her English. Now, I am not a teacher. I admire teachers, and I'm grateful for teachers, and it's because I admire what they do so much that I was very very sure that I couldn't do it myself.

But Lydia was sure that she wanted my help. I was doubtful. I wasn't sure my "help" was even worth being called by that name. But because she asked me, I said "yes." And that was the beginning of a friendship. Lydia and I spent afternoons sitting together and reading the newspaper, and as we did, she asked me questions when she had them questions about language, yes, but also questions about the new culture she found herself in. In turn, I asked my own questions, growing curious about her home country and culture. We bonded over our shared faith and our struggles as mothers of kids with special needs, When I complimented（恭维） her cooking, she began to teach me about Korean food, eventually leading to a shared trip to explore the Korean grocery stores in our city. Because of Lydia, 1 learned more about my own hometown than I ever could have learned by myself. I'm still not sure that I'm any good as a teacher. But I'm grateful I said "yes" when my neighbor asked me to help her with her English. That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn't remain just my neighbor. She became my friend.

（1）What was Lydia sorry about?

A. Her bad English.

B. Her carelessness.

C. Nobody teaching her English.

D. Her poor life in a new place.

（2）What can be concluded from the third paragraph?

A. The author admired teachers.

B. The author wanted to be a teacher.

C. The author didn't want to help Lydia.

D. The author was not confident in helping Lydia.（3）Why was the author grateful at the last paragraph?

A. She managed to learn English well.

B. She made friends with her neighbor.

C. She learned how to cook Korean food.

D. She realized her dream of being a teacher.

（4）What can we learn from the passage?

A. No pains, no gains.

B. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

C. To help others is to help ourselves.

D. Where there is a will, there is a way.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者在帮助新搬来的邻居学习英语时，感受到了快乐和收获，并且和邻居成为了好朋友。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“We started talking, and she was apologetic about how bad her English w as,”可知，Lydia遗憾的是她的英语不好。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But Lydia was sure that she wanted my help. I was doubtful. I wasn't sure my‘help’ was even worth being called by that name.”可知作者没有信心帮助Lydia。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“But I'm grateful I said "yes" when my neighbo r asked me to help her with her English. That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and that extra time meant she didn't remain just my neighbor.”可知，作者之所以感激是因为她与她的邻居成了朋友。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“That meant spending extra time with my neighbor, and tha t extra time meant she didn't remain just my neighbor. She became my friend”可知，帮助别人也就是帮助自己。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Education is not a bystanders sport. Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning. It is no coincidence that girls are more passive in the classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs.

We found that at all grade levels in all communities and in all subject areas boys controlled classroom communication. They participated in more interactions than girls did, and their participation became greater as the year went on.

Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention. That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing their attention by calling out answers to the teachers' questions first. While girls sit patiently with their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and K.Daniel O'Leary, then at the state university of New York at stony brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely to have extended conversations with them.

Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys answers with powerful, precise and effective responses, while they often gave girls mild and

unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically. And they are more likely to be boys.

This kind of communication game is played at work, as well as at school. As reported in numerous studies, it goes like this.

Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women.

Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a similar speaking style and cover the same content.

Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers. Women often their own statements into unsure comments. This is accomplished by using qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack of power and influence.

Only when girls are active and treated equally in the classroom will they be more likely to achieve equality in the workplace.

（1）What does the authors mean when they say“Education is not a bystanders sport.”? A. Both boys and girls should do more sports. B. The girl students should be the audience to watch the boy students' discussions.

C. The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.

D. Both boy and girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions.

（2）Which of the following is Not true?

A. Girls' scores are lower than boys on SATs.

B. Girls control classroom discussion in reading while boys in maths.

C. Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.

D. Boys are more confident in calling out answers to catching the teachers' attention.

（3）The factors that contribute to the students' effective learning are the following except__________.

A. The students can take an active part in the classroom discussion

B. The students do it themselves

C. Teachers can give students specific and direct feedback the quality of their work and answers

D. Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。要想学有所获，必须积极参与其中互动。男生比女生更加积极地参与课堂互动，因此获得老师更多的直接指导，这使得他们的能力得到培养，个性也得到张扬，所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地位。女性要想获得同等的地位，应该从积极参与课堂互动开始。

（1）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，许多研究表明，当学生参与课堂讨论时，他们对上学持更积极的态度，积极的态度促进学习。女生在课堂讨论中更被动，在SAT考试中得分低于男生，这不是巧合。因此推断作者说“教育不是旁观者的活动”是为了表明男孩和女孩都

应该积极参与课堂讨论。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention.”可知，我们的研究违背了传统的假设，即女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。我们发现，无论是语言艺术和英语，还是数学和科学，男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。因此女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流，而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Numerous researchers have shown that when stude nts participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning.”可知，A项“学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论”是对的；根据第四段的“Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. ”可知，多年的经验表明，最好的学习方法是自己去做。给学生关于他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。故B、C都是有利的因素；而D项“学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论”文章中没有提到。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

The University of Sheffield

Back to its origin

The University of Sheffield is a research university in the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It is one of the original “red brick” universities, which are a group of top and famous old universities. The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the combination of three colleges. The Sheffield School of Medicine was founded in 1828, followed in 1879 by the opening of Firth College by Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer (制造商), to teach arts and science subjects. Firth College then helped to provide money for the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science. In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield, which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter (特许) in 1905. This university is famous for its good education and boasts a number of Nobel Prize winners among its former students.

More information

System: The University has five departments: Arts and Humanities; Engineering; Pure Science; Social Sciences; Medicine, Dentistry and Health. Sheffield also has many research programs in fields including aerospace, environmental science, psychology, and biology.

City show: Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England. Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there are many parks and woods throughout the city and beyond. Sheffield is the greenest city in England with 150 woodlands and 50 public parks within the city. Once, in Sheffield, the folk hero—Robin Hood lived in Sherwood

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