四六级翻译新题型例题整理
四六级翻译新题型练习题整理
1.波士顿咨询公司最近做的一项研究显示，到2020年中国将会有
2.2亿家庭收入在2万到100万美元的富裕消费者。这些消费者中75%住在“较小城市”。随着网络的发展，较小城市的消费者的一
种必然趋势是他们更加依赖社交网络服务上的信息。很多网络顾客
都是通过微信、微博和QQ空间分组的。据估计今年中国将会有2.5亿消费者进行网购，位于四线城市的消费者平均每人会花费他们50%或者更高的工资在网购上，这一数据要比一线城市的消费者的
花费高。
【参考译文】A recent study conducted by the Boston Consulting Group says there will be 220 million affluent consumers, who are from households earning between $ 20,000 to $ 1 million in China by 2020, and 75 percent of them will live in “smaller” cities. With the development of the Internet, an inevitable trend among these consumers is they are much more dependent on information from social networking services. Many of the website’s customers are “grouped” by Wechat, Weibo and QQ Zones. It is now estimated that 250 million Chinese consumers will shop online this year and the average shopper in a fourth-tier city in China will spend 50 percent or more of their income on e-commerce than those in top-tier cities.
2.聘金是中国传统习俗的一部分。这一习惯在整个中国都很普遍。
但是近几年来其标准不断上升，致使大多数家庭都很难达到。高额
的聘礼常常“抢劫”了新郎父母必生的积蓄，甚至引起家庭纠纷。
此外，许多新婚夫妇被迫举行奢侈的婚礼宴会，在这个过程中，大
量债务的累积可能使他们的新婚生活变得辛酸，至少在最初阶段是
这样。想想老一辈节俭的婚礼，虽然简简单单，但也幸福美满，没
有给他们婚后的生活带来任何负担。
【参考译文】Endowment may be part of Chinese tradition, but the standards have become so high in recent years that a majority of families are finding it difficult to meet them. The high endowment amounts often rob grooms’ parents of their life’s savings and causes family disputes. Besides, many newly married couples are forced to host extravagant wedding ceremonies to keep up with the Joneses and, in the process, run up huge debts that could turn their married life sour, at least in the initial phase. Considering the frugal wedding of many parents, simple but happiness, didn’t have any bearing on their married life.
3.我整整一生都处于对武术的痴迷之中。但是当我搬到一个有功夫
俱乐部的城市时，我才真正体会到了武术的魅力，同时也完全理解了为什么人们称它为一种艺术。它是一种战斗同时也是在进行一种自我防卫，这其实也达到了让你更加了解自己的身体，从而使它变得更加强壮和健康的目的。功夫是一门完整的哲学，而且是中国文化的重要组成部分。当我开始练习功夫的时候，我才意识到它有多么地困难，哪怕是简单的一踢或者一打就需要几个月的时间去练习。但是我太爱它了！一个全新的世界正向我敞开它的大门。
【参考译文】I've been interested in martial arts in my whole life. But it was only when I moved to another city where there was a Kungfu club, that I really enjoyed it and fully understood why they call it an art. It is fighting and defending yourself, but it also understanding your body more, making it stronger and healthier. Kungfu is a whole philosophy and is a big part of Chinese culture. When I started to practice kungfu I realized how difficult it was. Even a simple kick or punch demanded months of practice. But I loved it! A whole new world was opening to me.
4.来自利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英文教授发现，阅读莎士
比亚及其他古典作家的作品对心智发展大有裨益。这些作品能够抓住读者的注意力，引发读者的自我反思。研究还发现，阅读书籍，尤其是诗歌，可以增加与“自传体记忆”有关的大脑右半球的活动频率，有助于读者根据阅读内容对个人经历进行反思和重新评价。学者们表示，这意味着阅读古典作品比阅读自助类书籍更有帮助。
【参考译文】Scientists, psychologists and English academics at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind, it catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. The research also found that reading books, in particular poems, increases the activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, an area concerned with “autobiographical memory”, which helps the reader to reflect on and reappraise their own experiences in light of what they have read. The academics said this meant the classics were more useful than self-help books.
5.随着中国日益成为韩国的重要贸易伙伴，两国的联系从外交和贸
易延伸到了教育领域。中国是韩国最大的出口目的地，吸收了韩国约四分之一的出口产品，同时也吸引了韩国超过四分之一的留学生。虽然在美国留学的好处之一是可以练习英语（对找工作的人来说英语依然是最重要的语言），但韩国雇主对有中国经历的毕业生
的需求越来越大。比如三星集团两年前说，具有中文语言能力的求职者会得到额外的加分。
【参考译文】As China’s increasing importance as a trading partner becomes palpable in neighboring South Korea, the connections between the countries are extending from diplomacy and trade to education. As South Korea’s biggest export destination, China takes in a quarter of?South Korea’s exports—and it also attracts more than a quarter of its neighbor’s students abroad. Although studying in the United States is practice speaking English, which is still seen as the most important language for job seekers, Korean employers are increasingly looking for graduates with experience in China. Samsung Group, for example, said two years ago that job applicants with Chinese language skills would get bonus points.
6.他们毒害年轻人的心灵，腐化年轻人的灵魂。正是它们，让年轻人坐在沙发上虚度时光，沉浸于危险重重的幻想世界。18世纪的批评家们对于新媒体对年轻人的冲击感到忧心忡忡，他们向小说提出了如此的控诉。时至今日，小说害人的说法听起来已是如此的荒谬。对于当今时代那些控诉电视游戏使年轻人变成暴力罪犯的批评者们，历史最终也将对他们做出同样的审判。
【参考译文】They poisoned the mind and corrupted the morals of young people, which wasted their time sitting on sofas immersed in dangerous fantasy worlds. Critics in the 18th century were so worried about the impact of new media on young people that they lodged the above-mentioned charge against novels.?Today the idea that novels can harm people sounds daft. And that is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals.
7.在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。
译文：
在我的生活里，我也尝试过很多次试着放手。
I'm learning to do that a lot in this life, to let go.
大家是不是觉得很奇怪，明明汉语里倾向于过去式“尝试过”，但英文翻译过来就是I'm learning to do。可以留意下这种翻译方式，不过如果大家在考试时遇到这种情况，还是翻译成过去式比较好(如果你的翻译水平没有达到炉火纯青的地步的话，呵呵)，因为阅卷老师也不是那种翻译大牛哦~
放手：to let go
虽然，学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么，也不会让你的情绪得以发泄，也许你仍然会被生活所困。
It doesn't help to hang on to the hurt or judgment. It doesn't work to blame or criticize. Those approaches only serve to keep you stuck.
这里两个英文句子都用了形式主语it来代替前面提到过的“放手”，不繁琐，而且适合散文的风格。汉语只要语义衔接，可一直逗号下去，但英文，只要是结构完整，只能用句号或相应的标点哦。
减轻伤痛：to help to hang on to the hurt
被生活所困：keep sb stuck
然而，富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。
But compassion is freeing. It uplifts both you and the person you are sharing it with.
释放直接用了freeing，很简单，但很舒服。第二句话汉语读起来很绕，但英语翻译出来是不是让你一下子就茅塞顿开?这就是英语的魅力~
当你对一切都富有同情心时，你会发挥自己最大潜力。
When you act with compassion, you are living from your highest potential and connecting with your greatest self.
看上句翻译，“富有同情心”直接是compassion，这句里的“富有同情心”就变换了一下方式，act with compassion，翻译一直重复是没有美感的，有时候需要我们留意一下细节。
你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。
The more you can do that, the better you'll feel in this life.
这句翻译很简单，就是用了the more...the better句型。
8. 关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
译文：
关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。
There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes.
我们在翻译“关于......”的时候，最常用的就是about，而本句翻译用了which引导定语从句claim to explain......，换一种表达方式，可以让句式更新颖。大家可以记住这个用法哦。
一个是唐朝的神话故事，说的是当时地球被10个太阳包围着。
One Tang Dynasty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it.
hold在这里用的很地道，汉语的两个半句，翻译成英文，用一个that就给衔接上了，可见翻译时，不必拘泥于原汉语句子的结构，如果自己能把意思表达很到位，而且句式很清晰，就可以尝试。
注意“被包围”本句中的翻译用了had 10 suns circling it。
有一天10个太阳同时出现在天空中，巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。
One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat.
“有一天”翻译为one day，其实并没有什么奇特之处。
“同时出现”appeared at once，这个at once还可以表示“同时”，大家切记哦。
其实汉语的两个半句，翻译过来可以用两个完整的英语句子来表示，但这里的翻译退而求其次，用了现在分词scorching引导的伴随状语，表示一种结果，不失为很好的翻译方式哈。
多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了9个太阳，地球才被保住。
It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the suns.
注意“多亏”的翻译是It was thanks to。这的翻译大家看下英语的后半句，汉语里有“9”这个数字，但翻译过来，却只有一个数字one，但表示的意思却相同-剩下了一个太阳。翻译有时候就是这么奇特，没有特定的标准。
为了奖励后羿，王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药，但是王母警告他必须正当使用。
As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely.
本句翻译很简单，中英翻译比较平衡。注意几个专有名词。
“王母娘娘” the Heavenly Queen Mother
“长生不老药”Elixir of Immortality
use sth wisely：正当使用某物
然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告，他被名利冲昏了头脑，变成了一个暴君。
Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader.
翻译这个句子时，首先要考虑到用何种句式，能够使自己的翻译看起来清晰明了而不繁琐。这里用了and，连接两个动词过去式引导的分句。
没有理会也就是忽视，ignore。
名利：fame and fortune
暴君： a tyrannical leader
后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观，于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药，飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。
Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath.
本句翻译中用了两个and，来衔接句意，英语就是这么注重前后的衔接。
袖手旁观：stand by
从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥，这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。
And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.
and thus began这个句首大家可以多用用。
9. 和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
译文：
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.
“和平稳定”固定说法：peace and stability
"得益于"用了句型 it is due to...
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
“宗旨和原则”固定说法：the purposes and principles
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
“国际社会”固定说法：international community
10.总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满足人们日益
增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
译文：
总结一年来的工作，我们清醒地看到，经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。
In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.
总结用review，在这里用了现在分词形式，不失为一种简单而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中，英文和汉语语序整体大相反，注意“经济社会发展”的表达方式：in economic and social development.
必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。
We must always put the interests of the people first.
这句话翻译起来比较简单，注意“把......放在第一位”put...first。
要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益，着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题，保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。
We must truly protect the people‘s economic, political and cultural rights and interests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.
翻译整段，必然会有个别长句，这就需要我们把握整体结构，表明大意即可。这段话是很正式的会议截取，所以咱们翻译时很多词组或者句子结构都是有据可循的。比如这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题”，翻译的时候，没有完全按照汉语语序，而是把“关系群众切身利益”翻译为现在分词作后置定语结构affecting their vital interests。
注意固定词组与句式：
维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益 protect the people‘s economic, political and cultural rights and interests
着力解决......pay particular attention to solving (记住，pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定结构)
不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要，是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。
The fundamental goal of our socialist modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people.
这句话翻译出来，也是将汉语语序颠倒后进行的翻译。用了to do不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。
只有执政为民，我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。
Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.
只有......才......这个结构需要用到英文结构only if。后半句汉语很复杂，所以英语翻译时，用了两个and连接的分句，来更清楚正确地表达汉语的意思。
注意固定词组与句式：
执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people
我们的各项事业 all our undertakings
12.如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番;再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。这样做后，别忘了多加反省：“为什么这个方法会奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。
译文：
如果说我确实有所成就的话，那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。
The only reason I’ve managed to accomplish anything isbecause I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.
翻译这个句子的时候，用了句式the only reason is...because，大家看到汉语“如果说......”可能会一下头脑晕掉，不知道怎么来翻译，但换一个方式，不用if等其它表示如果的单词或词组，也不失为一种迂回翻译的好方法哦。
注意：
我坚信： I am a firm believer (汉语的动词翻译成英文成了“形容词+名词”的形式，亲，你翻译的时候会不会这么做呢?)遇到挫折时，你可以暂时把问题放一放，一味纠结不仅无济于事，有时反倒使情况更糟。
If you fail insomething, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over theproblem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).
遇到挫折：fail insomething
暂时：for a day or two(for a day or two有时并不仅仅指一两天，还可以表示暂时哦)
纠结：agonizing over theproblem
先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番;再回头看待问题，你或许会感到柳暗花明。
Read a goodbook, catch up with some friends you haven’t seen in a long time, or go on anature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.
柳暗花明：a fresh perspective(将汉语里的成语翻译成英文，很多时候都找不到固定的英语翻译，我们就可以根据意思，用自己熟悉的单词或词组来表示它的意思，只要保证意思不变就可以哦)户外骑游：go on anature hike
这样做后，别忘了多加反省：“为什么这个方法会奏效?下次能不能做得更好呢?”
After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can Ido better next time?”
奏效：work out
看你定的是什么目标，这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己，最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。
This process very well could repeat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.
最后这句翻译，用but把汉语的两个句子衔接起来，不失为一种极好的衔接方式。而且大家注意下我已经标红的very well could repeat，本来可以是could repeat very well，但very well放到前面更地道，大家平时可以多看一些翻译资料，多多积累，自然就会翻译出地道的英文咯~
13.澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。
自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。
早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了"一国两制"的伟大构想。1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。
译文：
澳门，南海之滨一颗闪耀的明珠，以她的风采、沧桑和辉煌，更以1999年12月20日这个不同寻常的日子，吸引着全世界的目光。
A shining pearl on the coast of South China, Macao attracts the world’s attention for her charm, history of great events and glory, especially for the unusual date of December 20, 1999.
本句翻译没有完全按照汉语语序，而是用英语特有的翻译方式来凸显一些值得大家注意的细节。
South China Sea 表示中国南海，不是“南中国海”
East China Sea 东海
自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土，中华儿女世世代代在这里繁衍生息。
Macao has been the territory of China ever since the ancient times. TheChinese people have been living and working there for generations.
汉语为一个长句，但翻译为英文就要注意，要分成两个句子。
自古以来：ever since
早在80年代，世纪伟人邓小平就提出了"一国两制"的伟大构想。
Early in the 80s, Mr. Deng Xiaoping, one of the great figures of thecentury, put forward the bold concept of "One Country, Two Systems".
注意“80年代”这种翻译方式
伟人：great figure
提出：put forward
一国两制：One Country, Two Systems
1997年7月1日，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。
On July 1,1997, the People’s Republic of China resumed her sovereignty over Hong Kong.
本句是个简单句，很好翻译。
恢复对......行使主权：resume one's sovereignty over
今年，澳门又将彻底结束外国管治，回到祖国怀抱，这是中华民族的又一件历史盛事，它标志着中国人民向着祖国统一的伟大目标又迈出了重大的步。澳门的明天一定会更好美好。
This year, Macao will completely get rid of the foreign regime and return tomotherland. This is another great historical event for the Chinese people. Itsymbolizes another big step for the Chinese people on
their way towards thegreat goal of the country’s reunification. Macao’s future is sure to be evenbrighter.
本汉语长句翻译成英语，共用了4个英语完整句。汉语可能任何时候都可以用逗号来衔接两个整句，但英语不可以，完整句后必须用句号或表示相同概念的标点。
14.中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如铰子和年糕。
参考答案
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultr y and meat, people
cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake .
难点精析
■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。
2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。
■ 3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。
4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。
5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译：为 family reunion 即可。
15.北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
参考答案
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.
难点精析
1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。
2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用 | 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是：两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。
3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。
4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。
16.过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。
参考答案
In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.
难点精析
1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。
2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。
3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。
4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。
5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。
17.如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
参考答案
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this
phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.
难点精析
1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。
2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有当才’’用强调句型it is only when…that…表示。，
3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。
4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。
5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.
最新四六级翻译题(附答案)
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四六级段落翻译,你值得拥有
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英语四六级翻译训练每日一题四月2
翻译原文： 其实我一点儿不排斥电脑，也享受着它的种种方便快捷，但每当我要给最亲近的人写信时还是喜欢用笔，因为我坚信字是有生命的，有情感的，在书写的同时，我生命的一部分也随之带走了，而打字则像是请人代笔，隔着一层什么，就像打电话时尽管你能清楚地听到对方的呼吸，可有些话就是怎么也说不出来，最后还是得借助笔纸，就是这么神奇，形式的不同、工具的不同，影响到内容的不同。 参考译文： Actually I do not reject the computer at all and alsoenjoy its every kind of conv enience.Butevery timewhen I want to write to my closet people,I would liketo u se a pen.Because I firmlybelieve that charactershave their life and emotion.Whe n writing,one part ofmy life is taking awaywith it.But typing is like hiring people t o write for you.It is separated bysomething just likealthough you can clearly he ar the breath of the addressee,some words youjust can't say themout at all.At la st you have to write with the help of pen and paper.It is somagic that differentfo rmats and different tools will influence the difference of context. 下面是2014年英语四级写作必备范文：出国留学。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on t he topicStudying Abroad. You should write at least 120 words following the outli ne given below: 1）目前很多中国学生出国留学， 2）出国留学的好处， 3）我的看法。 Nowadays, going abroad for studies is enjoying a striking popularity among a dolescents.Importance should be attached to studying abroad. There are a great many advantages of studying overseas. First and foremost, liv ing andstudying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world. On a university campus,international students are likely to encounter their counte rparts from various countries andareas and are exposed to diverse ideas and v alues. What is more, overseas experience is thebest opportunity for the real-lif e use of foreign languages. There is no better opportunity toimprove second-la nguage skills than living in the country in which it is spoken. Generally peaking, it is my view that although going abroad is expensive and pe rhapspainful, the payoff is worthwhile. In the first place, in addition to knowle dge, overseasstudents can gain precious experiences that those who stay at ho me will never have.Furthermore, overseas experience, frustrating and painful as it may be, is conducive to thegrowth of adolescents. 参考译文： 目前，出国留学在年轻人中间非常流行。我们应该充分重视留学问题。 出国留学有很多好处。首先，国外生活和学习为学生提供了一个看待世界的不同视角。在大学校园中，国际学生很可能遇到来自不同国家和地区的同伴，并且面临迥异的观念和价值。此外，海外经历是外语在实际生活运用的最佳时机。没有什么比住在母语国家提高第二外语技能的更好机会了。 总之，我认为尽管出国留学很昂贵，并且可能会痛苦，但这种付出是值得的。首先，除了知识之外，留学生可以获得留在国内的学生永远无法获得的宝贵经验。其次，尽管留学经历可能使人沮丧痛苦，然而这对年轻人的成长是有益的。 翻译原文： 杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一，已有两千多年的历史。这个城市不仅以自然美闻名于世，而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历代文人墨客的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。一般来说，游览杭州西湖及其周边景点花上两天较为合适。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。
六级新题型段落翻译练习
六级新题型段落翻译练习 1、中国是舞龙舞狮的起源地。自问世以来，舞龙、舞狮运动一直受到各个民族人民的喜爱，代代相传，长久不衰，并因此形成了灿烂的舞龙舞狮文化。长期以来，很多青年朋友都以为龙舞、狮舞就是春节、庙会、庆典时的喜庆表演，殊不知它历经了几千年的传承流变，积淀了深厚的历史文化，是祖先留给我们的极其宝贵的文化遗产。 China is the dragon dance lion dance originated. Since its advent, dragon dance, lion dance movement has always been the love of the people, every nation from generation to generation, and thus formed the dragon dance lion dance culture. For a long time, a lot of young friends all thought the dragon dance, lion dances of the festival is the Spring Festival, temple fair, festival show, but it went through thousands of years of inheritance rheological, accumulated a profound historical culture, is the ancestors left us precious cultural heritage. 2、旗袍，是中国女性的传统服装，源于中国满族女性的传统服装。因为满族人被称为“旗人”，所以满族人的长袍被称为“旗袍”。到了20世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，经过改进之后的旗袍逐渐在广大妇女中流行起来。在中国，很多女性都喜欢穿旗袍。结婚的时候，新娘不仅要订做一件中式旗袍作为结婚礼服，还要穿着漂亮的旗袍照一套婚纱照，作为永久的纪念。对于中国的女明星们而言，旗袍也成为她们参加各种重要活动的首选礼服。 Cheongsam is a traditional Chinese women's clothing, from China's manchu women's traditional costume. Because the manchus were known as the "eight banners", so the manchus robes are known as "cheongsam". In the 1920 s, influenced by western clothing, after improving the qipao became popular among the masses of women in gradually. In China, many women like to wear qipao. The wedding, the bride should not only build a traditional Chinese as a wedding dress, also dressed in beautiful qipao according to a set of photos, as a permanent memorial. For China's female stars, cheongsam has become their preferred to participate in various important activities. 3、朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。 漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis.
四六级翻译真题及答案word版本
四六级翻译真题及答 案
中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。 译文一 China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on progressing and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, progressing commercialize their fruits of innovation.In the meantime , to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models(模式). 译文二（文都版） Innovation is progressing in an unprecedented speed in China. In order to catch up with those developed countries in the world as fast as it can in the science and technology field, China has increased funds for development research substantially in recent years. Universities and research institutions in China are actively carrying out innovation researches, which cover high-
英语四六级新题型——段落翻译
英语四六级新题型——【段落翻译】 1、狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。 The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness. 2、中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。 China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises. 3、假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。 The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.
四六级翻译题 中国文化
【原文】中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。 【参考译文】Since ancient times, the Chinese people usually celebrate harvest in the Mid- Autumn, which is similar to the custom of celebrating Thanksgiving in the North America. The tradition of celebrating Mid-Autumn festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang dynasty. The lunar August 15 is a day for people worshiping the moon. On this day, under the dazzling bright moon, families reunite and enjoy the moon’s beauty. In 2006, Mid- Autumn festival was listed as one of China’s cultural heritage, and in 2008, it was classified as a public holiday. Moon cakes, as indispensable delicious food of the festival, were gifts people sent to families and friends during the festival and usually eaten on family gatherings. There are characters of “longevity”,“good fortune”and “harmony”on the Traditional moon cakes. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage fr om Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣(minister),他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤(vilify)而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。 参考译文： The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan's body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes 剪纸（paper cutting）是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期（the Ming and Qing Dynasties）特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物 Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings
CET 6 - 新题型翻译11.2补
四大题型技巧讲解——翻译 主讲：刘晓峰 一、新大纲解析 翻译 原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。 本题改革前难度系数0.89，改革后难度系数0.95。 二、英汉语言对比 1. 形合与意合 听到这消息，他满眼是泪。 When he heard the news, his eyes were filled with tears. I bought six pens which cost me thirty yuan. When I took them back home, I found they were second hand. 我买了六支钢笔，一共三十元。拿回家一看，都是用过的。 我买了六支钢笔，（这六支钢笔）一共三十元。（当我）拿回家一看，（我发现钢笔）都是用过的。 I bought six pens which cost me thirty yuan. When I took them back home, I found they were second hand. 2. 主语与话题
SV 主语+不及物动词The river runs SVC 主语+系动词+表语He looks strong. SVO 主语+谓语+宾语He painted a picture SVOO 主语+谓语+双宾语He gave me a medical handbook SVOC 主语+谓语+复合宾语They made him their team leader. 食堂今天吃饺子。 Jiaozi are served in the canteen today. 开汽车没有方向盘不行。 You can’t turn a car without the wheel. 3. 被动与主动 1931：我也许是太自私了，也许是被别的东西迷住了眼睛。 1957：我也许太自私了，也许是别的东西迷了我的眼睛。 1931：上身的衣服完全被打湿了。 1967：上身的衣服完全打湿了。 4. 物称与人称 经过调查，我们得出了上述结论。 Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion. 职责所在，我不能临阵脱逃。 My duty forbids me to fly from danger. 三、汉英翻译技巧 1. 词汇层面的处理 单词选择遵循的基本原则：瞻前顾后，得意忘形 问题是到哪儿去找答案。 The problem is where to find the answer. 科学家必须知道怎样运用数学以求得问题的答案。 It is necessary that a scientist know how to use mathematics to get an answer to his question. 你做什么没关系，重要的问题是你怎么做。 What you do does not matter. The important thing is how you do it. 我阅读了关于那些问题的著作。 I have read books about these subjects. I have referred to works dealing with those subjects. 你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。
四六级新题型段落翻译常用词汇(整理版)
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济 总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization
英语四六级翻译句子解析
?During the meeting,hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him 他一开始说话，就被听众打断了 ?surrounded by the police, the kidnappers had no choices but to surrender on the spot (没有选择，只能投降) 若是everything 等则不加 to ?The concerned mother thrilled at the news of his son's having been admi tted to the university(她的儿子被大学入取了) ?The lecture was so boring that the students couldn't help yawning(学生忍不住打起哈欠) ?I‘ll be very grateful if you could be kind enough to give me a ride to school (好心载我一程去学校) ?(除非你和保险公司签订了货物保险合同)Unless you sign a contract with the insu rance company for your goods, you are not entitled to a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery. ?It is reported that local health organization was established 25 years ago(据说当地的卫生组织25年前就成立了)when Dr.Mark became its first president. ?Mrs.Smith shut the window lest 以免 the noise outside (should) interfere with h er son's sleep(外面的噪声会影响她儿子睡觉)虚拟语气 ?The new mayor was charged with failure to fulfill his promise to decrease the inflation rate(未能履行他降低通货膨胀率的承诺) ?When confronted with such question, my mind goes blank(每当我遇到这类问题，我脑袋一篇空白)，and I can hardly remember my won date of birth. ?The customer complained that no sooner had he started the computer than it sto pped working(他刚启动计算机，它就不运转了) ?What upset me was not what he said but the way he said it.(不是他说的话，二十他说话的方式) ?This piece of writing is more like a news report than a short story.(与其说是短篇小说，还不如说是新闻报道) ?The court ruling deprive him of his political right.(剥夺他的政治权力) ?Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, while animal behavior depen ds mostly on instinct.(然而动物的行为主要依靠本能)。
2016-2017年四六级翻译真题
16-17年四级翻译： 华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿的人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多药草，特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。（145字） Huashan(Mount Hua) is situated in Huayin City, 120 kilometers away from Xi'an. It ispart of the Qinling Mountains, which divides not o nly Southern and NorthernShaanxi, but also South and North China. Unlike Taishan, which became a popularplace of pilgrimage, Huash an was not well visited in the past because it is dangerousfor the c limbers to reach its summit. Huashan was also an important place f requentedby immortality seekers, as many herbs grow there especial ly some rare ones. Sincethe installation of the cable cars in the 199 0s, the number of visitors hasincreased significantly. 黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。
新题型六级翻译练习(后附答案)
（1）原文：中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口约占世界总人口的22%。在过去相当长的时期里，由于诸多原因，贫困一直困扰着中国。20世纪80年代中期，中国农村绝大多数地区凭借自身的发展优势，经济得到快速增长，但少数地区由于经济、社会、历史、自然等方面的制约，发展相对滞后。中国政府在致力于经济和社会全面发展的进程中，在全国范围内实施了以解决贫困人口温饱问题为主要目标的有计划、有组织的大规模扶贫开发，极大地缓解了贫困现象。 （2）原文：北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。
（3）原文：要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。作为一个独立的剧种，京剧的诞生大约是在1840年至I860年。京剧是在吸收其他地方戏营养的基础上形成的。京剧有明确的角色分工;在念白上用北京方言;在音乐上以胡琴为主要伴奏乐器。由于京剧是在融合各种地方戏之精华的基础上形成的，所以它不仅为北京的观众所钟爱，也受到全国人民的喜爱。 （4）原文：中欧经济贸易合作取得了可喜的成果。欧盟巳经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴，是中国最大的技术供应方、第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。2001年，中欧贸易达到766亿美元，比上一年增长11%，尤其是中国从欧盟的进口增长了 15.8%。我非常赞赏欧中贸协(Europe-China Business Association)与比中经贸理事会 (Belgium-Chinese Economic and Commercial Council)为发展中欧关系所做出的努力。中欧经济贸易合作具有广阔的前景。中欧经济具有很强的互补性，在贸易、投资、科技等领域具有很大的合作潜力。