剑桥商务英语中级阅读全真试题(2)
A.Asaresult,themembershipnowrepresents94%ofallexportersand60%ofal limporters.
B.Insomeofthesecountries,thiscanamounttoasmuchas50%ofallex portearning.
C.InNorthAmerica,mostconsumersalreadyhaveaboveaverageknow ledgeoftherangeavailable.
D.Forexample,frostandwindareparticularlydama gingtocoffeecrops.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3414938480.html,rgercoffeegrowers,forexample,frequentlyexportdi rectly.
F.ThemainreasonforthisishigherBrazilianoutputasproductionrecov ersfromweatherdamagetocrops.
G.Itiscultivatedinmountainregionswhichcan onlybereachedbyanimaltransport,andinotherdifficultareaswheremodernagr iculturalequipmentcannotbeused.
H.Thisisbecausethereisademandforcoffee inGermany,anditisalsosoldintheUKandintheUS.
I.Thismakethecoffeeindustr yfairlyuniversal,accordingtoPabloDubois,HeadoftheInternationalCoffeeO rganisation(ICO),basedinLondon.PARTTHREEQuestions13-20Readthearticleb elowaboutstressmanagement,andanswerquestions13-20ontheoppositepage.AL essonInStressManagementDemandsplacedonusatworkcanoftenleadtoconsidera bleworryanddiscomfort.Thereare,however,waysofprotectingourselvesfromt hestresswefaceatwork.WeinterviewedJaneCollard,aconsultantinstressmana gement.1.InJaneCollard’sopinion,stressisbecominganincreasinglycommon featureoftheworkplace.Stressisahighlyindividualreaction,whichvariesco nsiderablyfrompersontoperson,anditisdifficultforsomeemployeestoavoidi t.Indeed,stressisregardedbymanyaspartoftheorganizationalcultureofouri nstitutions:itcomeswiththejob.Recentfiguresindicatethattimetakenoffwo rkbecauseofstresshasincreasedby500percentsincetheXXXXs.Undoubtedly,ch angesinworkingconditionshaveledtogreaterpressureatworkatalllevels.Wit hreductionsinstaffing,workloadsforindividualemployeeshaveincreased.In addition,manyemployeesareleftworryingaboutthesecurityoftheirjobs.2.On thestressmanagementcoursesthatsheruns,JaneCollardtriestomakethetraine esrealisethatstressinitselfisnotharmful.Everyoneneedsacertainlevelofs tresstoenablethemtofeelmotivatedandtoperformeffectively.Acompleteabse nceofstresscanbeasdamagingasoverstress,sinceitcanmakepeopleloseintere stintheirwork,andevenleadtodepression.Thedifficultiesoccurwhentheamou ntofstressrisesabovealevelwhichishealthyforaparticularindividual.Ifth ishappens,theeffectsareveryobviousandthetraineesaretaughttorecognizet
hesigns.Stressmaybeexpressedphysically,forexamplethroughheadachesandt iredness,orthroughemotionalproblemssuchasdepression.Apersonsufferingf romstressmayalsostarttobehavedifferently,andcanbedifficulttodealwith.
3.Whileitmaynotalwaysbepossibletopreventstress,thereareanumberofwaysi nwhichitcanbecontrolled.Thefirstthingthatthetraineeslearnishowtomanag etheirtimeeffectively.Thisinvolves,firstofall,settingrealisticgoalsfo rboththeshortandlongterm.Oncethisframeworkhasbeenestablished,tasksare thenprioritisedonadailybasis.Thetraineesarealsoremindedthatwhentheyar eunderpressurethelessimportantitemsshouldbeleft,andtheyshouldneverhes itatetodelegate.Everyoneisencouragedtolookatwaysofreducing‘wastedtim e’,forexamplebygroupingsimilartaskstogetherordealingwithitemsimmedki ately.
4.Janefeelsthatoneofthemostusefulfeaturesofthecourseisthatitena blestraineestodealwiththosedemandsordeadlinesthattheyregardasunreason able.Theyareencouragedtoavoidbeingdefensive,butatthesametimetheyaread visednottobeafraidofsaying‘no’.Theyareaskedtogivereasonsonlyifneces sary.Thetraininghelpsthemtoforeseedifficultsituationsorunwanteddemand s,andtheylearnhowtopreparethemselvesmentally.Everyoneisencouragednott ogetstuckinnegativethoughtpatterns,wherestresscanfeedacircularsenseof helplessness.Onesolutiontheydiscussistothinkofamoreencouragingalterna tiveforeachnegativemessage.Theylearn,forexample,toremindthemselvestha tnothingterriblehappenswhenademandisrefusedoradeadlinemissed.Lifegoes on.Questions13-16Forquestions13-16,choosethebesttitleforeachnumberedp aragraphfromthelistbelow.Foreachnumberedparagraph1-4,markoneletter(A-G)onyourAnswerSheet.Donotuseanylettermorethanonce.AHigherstresslevels amongtopmanagersBCopingwithstressthroughapositiveattitudeCTimelostatw orkthroughsicknessDCausesofincreasedstressintheworkenvironmentEExplan ationsf