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无菌USP36

无菌USP36
无菌USP36

Fluid Thioglycollate Medium (Continued)

Interpretation of Results

or Thioglycolic Acid

0.3 mL The product to be examined complies with the test if Resazurin Sodium Solution (1 in 1000),fluorescence typical of Mycoplasmas is not present. The test freshly prepared 1.0 mL is invalid if the positive controls do not show fluorescence Purified Water

1000 mL

typical of Mycoplasmas. The test is invalid if the negative controls show fluorescence typical of Mycoplasmas.

pH after sterilization: 7.1±0.2.

Mix the L -cystine, agar, sodium chloride, dextrose, yeast extract, and pancreatic digest of casein with the purified water, and heat until solution is effected. Dissolve the so-dium thioglycollate or thioglycolic acid in the solution and,if necessary, add 1N sodium hydroxide so that, after sterili-zation, the solution will have a pH of 7.1 ± 0.2. If filtration is ?71? STERILITY TESTS

necessary, heat the solution again without boiling, and filter while hot through moistened filter paper. Add the resazurin sodium solution, mix, and place the medium in suitable ves-sels that provide a ratio of surface to depth of medium such x

Portions of this general chapter have been harmonized that not more than the upper half of the medium has un-with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopeia dergone a color change indicative of oxygen uptake at the and/or the Japanese Pharmacopeia. Those portions that are end of the incubation period. Sterilize using a validated pro-not harmonized are marked with symbols (x x ) to specify this cess. If the medium is stored, store at a temperature be-fact.x

tween 2° and 25° in a sterile, airtight container. If more These Pharmacopeial procedures are not by themselves than the upper one-third of the medium has acquired a designed to ensure that a batch of product is sterile or has pink color, the medium may be restored once by heating been sterilized. This is accomplished primarily by validation the containers in a water-bath or in free-flowing steam until of the sterilization process or of the aseptic processing the pink color disappears and by cooling quickly, taking procedures.

care to prevent the introduction of nonsterile air into the The test is applied to substances, preparations, or articles container. Do not use the medium for a longer storage pe-which, according to the Pharmacopeia, are required to be ster-riod than has been validated.

ile. However, a satisfactory result only indicates that no con-Fluid Thioglycollate Medium is to be incubated at 30°–35°.taminating microorganism has been found in the sample ex-For products containing a mercurial preservative that cannot amined under the conditions of the test .

be tested by the membrane filtration method, Fluid Thiog-lycollate Medium incubated at 20°–25° may be used instead of Soybean–Casein Digest Medium provided that it has been PRECAUTIONS AGAINST MICROBIAL

validated as described in Growth Promotion Test of Aerobes,CONTAMINATION

Anaerobes, and Fungi . Where prescribed or justified and au-thorized, the following alternative thioglycollate medium The test for sterility is carried out under aseptic condi-might be used. Prepare a mixture having the same composi-tions. In order to achieve such conditions, the test environ-tion as that of the Fluid Thioglycollate Medium , but omitting ment has to be adapted to the way in which the sterility the agar and the resazurin sodium solution. Sterilize as di-test is performed. The precautions taken to avoid contami-rected above. The pH after sterilization is 7.1 ± 0.2. Heat in nation are such that they do not affect any microorganisms a water bath prior to use and incubate at 30°–35° under that are to be revealed in the test. The working conditions anaerobic conditions.

in which the tests are performed are monitored regularly by appropriate sampling of the working area and by carrying out appropriate controls.

Soybean–Casein Digest Medium

Pancreatic Digest of Casein 17.0 g CULTURE MEDIA AND INCUBATION

Papaic Digest of Soybean Meal 3.0 g TEMPERATURES

Sodium Chloride

5.0 g Media for the test may be prepared as described below or Dibasic Potassium Phosphate

2.5 g equivalent commercial media may be used provided that Dextrose Monohydrate/Anhydrous 2.5/2.3 g they comply with the requirements of the Growth Promotion Purified Water

1000 mL

Test of Aerobes, Anaerobes, and Fungi .

The following culture media have been found to be suita-pH after sterilization: 7.3±0.2.

ble for the test for sterility. Fluid Thioglycollate Medium is Dissolve the solids in the Purified Water, heating slightly primarily intended for the culture of anaerobic bacteria.

to effect a solution. Cool the solution to room temperature,However, it will also detect aerobic bacteria. Soybean–Casein and adjust the pH with 1N sodium hydroxide so that, after Digest Medium is suitable for the culture of both fungi and sterilization, it will have a pH of 7.3 ± 0.2. Filter, if necessary aerobic bacteria.

to clarify, dispense into suitable containers, and sterilize us-ing a validated procedure. Store at a temperature between 2° and 25° in a sterile well-closed container, unless it is in-Fluid Thioglycollate Medium

tended for immediate use. Do not use the medium for a longer storage period than has been validated.

L -Cystine

0.5 g Soybean–Casein Digest Medium is to be incubated at 22.5Sodium Chloride

2.5 g ± 2.5°.

Dextrose Monohydrate/Anhydrous 5.5/5.0 g Agar

0.75 g x

Media for Penicillins or Cephalosporins

Yeast Extract (water-soluble) 5.0 g Pancreatic Digest of Casein 15.0 g Where sterility test media are to be used in the Direct

Inoculation of the Culture Medium method under Test for Ste-Sodium Thioglycollate

0.5 g

rility of the Product to be Examined , modify the preparation

of Fluid Thioglycollate Medium and the Soybean–Casein Digest cfu) of the following microorganisms, using a separate por-Medium as follows. To the containers of each medium,

tion of medium for each of the following species of microor-transfer aseptically a quantity of β-lactamase sufficient to in-ganism: Aspergillus brasiliensis , Bacillus subtilis, and Candida activate the amount of antibiotic in the specimen under

albicans . Incubate for not more than 3 days in the case of test. Determine the quantity of β-lactamase required to inac-bacteria and not more than 5 days in the case of fungi.tivate the antibiotic by using a β-lactamase preparation that Seed lot culture maintenance techniques (seed-lot systems)has been assayed previously for its penicillin- or cephalospo-are used so that the viable microorganisms used for inocula-rin-inactivating power. [N OTE —Supplemented β-lactamase tion are not more than five passages removed from the media can also be used in the membrane filtration test.]original master seed-lot.

Alternatively (in an area completely separate from that The media are suitable if a clearly visible growth of the used for sterility testing), confirm that an appropriate

microorganisms occurs.

amount of β-lactamase is incorporated into the medium, fol-lowing either method under Method Suitability Test , using x

DILUTING AND RINSING FLUIDS FOR

less than 100 colony-forming units (cfu) of Staphylococcus aureus (see Table 1) as the challenge. Typical microbial MEMBRANE FILTRATION

growth of the inoculated culture must be observed as a

confirmation that the β-lactamase concentration is appropri-ate.x

Fluid A

Table 1. Strains of the Test Microorganisms Suitable for Use in the Growth Promotion Test and the Method Suitability Test PREPARATION

Aerobic bacteria Dissolve 1g of peptic digest of animal tissue in water to Staphylococcus aureus

ATCC 6538, CIP 4.83,make 1L, filter or centrifuge to clarify, if necessary, and ad-NCTC 10788, NCIMB just to a pH of 7.1 ± 0.2. Dispense into containers, and 9518, NBRC 13276sterilize using a validated process.

Bacillus subtilis

ATCC 6633, CIP 52.62,NCIMB 8054, NBRC PREPARATION FOR PENICILLINS OR CEPHALOSPORINS 3134

Pseudomonas aeruginosa x 1x

ATCC 9027, NCIMB

Aseptically add to the above Preparation , if necessary, a 8626, CIP 82.118, NBRC quantity of sterile β-lactamase sufficient to inactivate any re-13275

sidual antibiotic activity on the membranes after the solu-Anaerobic bacterium tion of the test specimen has been filtered (see Media for Clostridium sporogenes x 2x

ATCC 19404, CIP 79.3,Penicillins or Cephalosporins ).

NCTC 532 or ATCC 11437, NBRC 14293

Fluid D

Fungi

Candida albicans

ATCC 10231, IP 48.72,To each L of Fluid A add 1mL of polysorbate 80, adjust to NCPF 3179, NBRC 1594

a pH of 7.1 ± 0.2, dispense into containers, and sterilize Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404, IP 1431.83,using a validated process. Use this fluid for articles contain-(Aspergillus Niger)IMI 149007, NBRC 9455ing lecithin or oil, or for devices labeled as “sterile x 1An alternative microorganism is Kocuria rhizophila (Micrococcus pathway.”

luteus) ATCC 9341.x

x 2An alternative to Clostridium sporogenes, when a nonspore-forming Fluid K

microorganism is desired, is Bacteroides vulgatus (ATCC 8482).x

The media used comply with the following tests, carried Dissolve 5.0g of peptic digest of animal tissue, 3.0g of out before, or in parallel, with the test on the product to be beef extract, and 10.0g of polysorbate 80 in water to make examined.

1L. Adjust the pH to obtain, after sterilization, a pH of 6.9 ±0.2. Dispense into containers, and sterilize using a validated process.x

Sterility

Incubate portions of the media for 14 days. No growth of METHOD SUITABILITY TEST

microorganisms occurs.

Carry out a test as described below under Test for Sterility of the Product to be Examined using exactly the same meth-Growth Promotion Test of Aerobes,

ods, except for the following modifications.

Anaerobes, and Fungi

Test each lot of ready-prepared medium and each batch Membrane Filtration

of medium prepared either from dehydrated medium or from ingredients. Suitable strains of microorganisms are in-After transferring the content of the container or contain-dicated in Table 1.

ers to be tested to the membrane, add an inoculum of a Inoculate portions of Fluid Thioglycollate Medium with a small number of viable microorganisms (not more than small number (not more than 100 cfu) of the following mi-100 cfu) to the final portion of sterile diluent used to rinse croorganisms, using a separate portion of medium for each the filter.

of the following species of microorganism: Clostridium

sporogenes , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus au-Direct Inoculation

reus . x Inoculate portions of alternative thioglycollate me-dium with a small number (not more than 100 cfu) of Clos-After transferring the contents of the container or contain-tridium sporogenes .x Inoculate portions of Soybean–Casein ers to be tested (for catgut and other surgical sutures for Digest Medium with a small number (not more than 100

veterinary use: strands) to the culture medium, add an inoc-

ulum of a small number of viable microorganisms (not more Table 2. Minimum Quantity to be Used for Each

than 100 cfu) to the medium.

Medium (Continued)

In both cases use the same microorganisms as those de-Minimum Quantity to be Used scribed above under Growth Promotion Test of Aerobes, An-(unless otherwise justified and

aerobes, and Fungi . Perform a growth promotion test as a Quantity per Container authorized)

positive control. Incubate all the containers containing me-x

Surgical dressing/cotton/100 mg per package dium for not more than 5 days.

gauze (in packages)

If clearly visible growth of microorganisms is obtained af-Sutures and other individually The whole device

ter the incubation, visually comparable to that in the control packaged single-use material vessel without product, either the product possesses no anti-Other medical devices

The whole device, cut into pieces or microbial activity under the conditions of the test or such disassembled x

activity has been satisfactorily eliminated. The test for steril-ity may then be carried out without further modification.If clearly visible growth is not obtained in the presence of the product to be tested, visually comparable to that in the Table 3. Minimum Number of Articles to be Tested in Relation

control vessels without product, the product possesses anti-to the Number of Articles in the Batch

microbial activity that has not been satisfactorily eliminated Minimum Number of Items

under the conditions of the test. Modify the conditions in to be Tested for Each order to eliminate the antimicrobial activity, and repeat the Number of Items in the Medium (unless otherwise Method Suitability Test .

Batch *

justified and authorized)**This method suitability is performed (a) when the test for Parenteral preparations

sterility has to be carried out on a new product; and (b)Not more than 100 containers 10% or 4 containers, whichever whenever there is a change in the experimental conditions is the greater of the test. The method suitability may be performed simul-taneously with the Test for Sterility of the Product to be More than 100 but not more 10 containers

Examined .

than 500 containers

More than 500 containers

2% or 20 containers, whichever is less

TEST FOR STERILITY OF THE PRODUCT TO

x

For large-volume parenterals

2% or 10 containers, whichever BE EXAMINED

is less

Antibiotic solids

Pharmacy bulk packages (<5 g)20 containers x

Number of Articles to Be Tested

Pharmacy bulk packages (≥5 g) 6 containers

Bulks and blends

See Bulk solid products x

Unless otherwise specified elsewhere in this chapter or in the individual monograph, test the number of articles speci-Ophthalmic and other noninjectable preparations fied in Table 3. If the contents of each article are of suffi-cient quantity (see Table 2), they may be divided so that Not more than 200 containers 5% or 2 containers, whichever is

equal appropriate portions are added to each of the speci-the greater

fied media. [N OTE —Perform sterility testing employing two More than 200 containers 10 containers or more of the specified media.] If each article does not If the product is presented in contain sufficient quantities for each medium, use twice the the form of single-dose con-number of articles indicated in Table 3.x

tainers,

apply the scheme shown above Table 2. Minimum Quantity to be Used for Each Medium

for preparations for parenteral use.

Minimum Quantity to be Used Catgut and other surgical su-2% or 5 packages, whichever is

(unless otherwise justified and

tures for veterinary use the greater,

Quantity per Container authorized)up to a maximum total of 20Liquids

packages

Less than 1 mL The whole contents of each con-x Not more than 100 articles 10% or 4 articles, whichever is

tainer

greater

1–40 mL

Half the contents of each container,More than 100, but not more 10 articles but not less than 1 mL than 500 articles

Greater than 40 mL, and not 20 mL

More than 500 articles 2% or 20 articles, whichever is

greater than 100 mL less x

Greater than 100 mL 10% of the contents of the contain-Bulk solid products er, but not less than 20 mL Up to 4 containers Each container Antibiotic liquids

1 mL

More than 4 containers, but not 20% or 4 containers, whichever Insoluble preparations, creams,Use the contents of each container more than 50 containers is greater and ointments to be suspend-to provide not less than 200 mg

More than 50 containers 2% or 10 containers, whichever

ed or emulsified is greater

Solids

*If the batch size is unknown, use the maximum number of items Less than 50 mg

The whole contents of each con-prescribed.

tainer

**If the contents of one container are enough to inoculate the two 50 mg or more, but less than Half the contents of each container,media, this column gives the number of containers needed for both 300 mg but not less than 50 mg the media together.

300 mg–5 g 150 mg The test may be carried out using the technique of Mem-Greater than 5 g

500 mg

brane Filtration or by Direct Inoculation of the Culture Medium Catgut and other surgical su- 3 sections of a strand (each 30-cm with the product to be examined. Appropriate negative tures for veterinary use

long)

controls are included. The technique of membrane filtration

is used whenever the nature of the product permits; that is,myristate shown not to have antimicrobial activity in the

for filterable aqueous preparations, for alcoholic or oily prep-conditions of the test. Allow the oil to penetrate the mem-arations, and for preparations miscible with, or soluble in,brane by its own weight, and then filter, applying the pres-aqueous or oily solvents, provided these solvents do not sure or suction gradually. Wash the membrane at least three have an antimicrobial effect in the conditions of the test.times by filtering through it each time about 100mL of a

suitable sterile solution such as x Fluid A (see Diluting and

Rinsing Fluids for Membrane Filtration)x containing a suitable Membrane Filtration emulsifying agent at a concentration shown to be appropri-

ate in the Method Suitability Test, for example polysorbate Use membrane filters having a nominal pore size not80 at a concentration of 10g per L

x(Fluid K)x. Transfer the greater than 0.45 μm, in which the effectiveness to retain membrane or membranes to the culture medium or media,

microorganisms has been established. Cellulose nitrate fil-or vice versa, as described above for Aqueous Solutions, and ters, for example, are used for aqueous, oily, and weakly incubate at the same temperatures and for the same times. alcoholic solutions; and cellulose acetate filters, for example,

are used for strongly alcoholic solutions. Specially adapted

filters may be needed for certain products (e.g., for OINTMENTS and CREAMS antibiotics).

The technique described below assumes that membranes Use for each medium not less than the quantities of the about 50mm in diameter will be used. If filters of a different product prescribed in Tables 2 and 3. Ointments in a fatty diameter are used, the volumes of the dilutions and the base and emulsions of the water-in-oil type may be diluted washings should be adjusted accordingly. The filtration ap-to 1% in isopropyl myristate as described above, by heating, paratus and membrane are sterilized by appropriate means.if necessary, to not more than 40°. In exceptional cases it The apparatus is designed so that the solution to be ex-may be necessary to heat to not more than 44°. Filter as amined can be introduced and filtered under aseptic condi-rapidly as possible, and proceed as described above for Oils tions: it permits the aseptic removal of the membrane for and Oily Solutions.

transfer to the medium, or it is suitable for carrying out the

incubation after adding the medium to the apparatus itself.

x PREFILLED SYRINGES

AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS For prefilled syringes without attached sterile needles, ex-

pel the contents of each syringe into one or two separate

If appropriate, transfer a small quantity of a suitable, ster-membrane filter funnels or into separate pooling vessels

ile diluent such as x Fluid A (see Diluting and Rinsing Fluids for prior to transfer. If a separate sterile needle is attached, di-Membrane Filtration)x onto the membrane in the apparatus rectly expel the syringe contents as indicated above, and and filter. The diluent may contain suitable neutralizing sub-proceed as directed for Aqueous Solutions. Test the sterility of stances and/or appropriate inactivating substances, for ex-the needle, using Direct Inoculation under Method Suitability ample, in the case of antibiotics.Test.

Transfer the contents of the container or containers to be

tested to the membrane or membranes, if necessary, after

diluting to the volume used in the Method Suitability Test SOLIDS FOR INJECTION OTHER THAN ANTIBIOTICS with the chosen sterile diluent, but using not less than the

quantities of the product to be examined prescribed in Ta-Constitute the test articles as directed on the label, and bles 2 and 3. Filter immediately. If the product has antimi-proceed as directed for Aqueous Solutions or Oils and Oily crobial properties, wash the membrane not less than three Solutions, whichever applies. [N OTE—If necessary, excess di-times by filtering through it each time the volume of the luent can be added to aid in the constitution and filtration chosen sterile diluent used in the Method Suitability Test. Do of the constituted test article.]

not exceed a washing cycle of five times 100mL per filter,

even if during method suitability it has been demonstrated

ANTIBIOTIC SOLIDS FOR INJECTION

that such a cycle does not fully eliminate the antimicrobial

activity. Transfer the whole membrane to the culture me-

dium or cut it aseptically into two equal parts, and transfer Pharmacy Bulk Packages, <5g—From each of 20 con-one half to each of two suitable media. Use the same vol-tainers, aseptically transfer about 300mg of solids, into a ume of each medium as in the Method Suitability Test. Alter-sterile 500-mL conical flask, dissolve in about 200mL of natively, transfer the medium onto the membrane in the Fluid A (see Diluting and Rinsing Fluids for Membrane Filtra-apparatus. Incubate the media for not less than 14 days.tion), and mix; or constitute, as directed in the labeling,

each of 20 containers and transfer a quantity of liquid or

suspension, equivalent to about 300mg of solids, into a SOLUBLE SOLIDS sterile 500-mL conical flask, dissolve in about 200mL of

Fluid A, and mix. Proceed as directed for Aqueous Solutions Use for each medium not less than the quantity pre-or Oils and Oily Solutions, whichever applies.

scribed in Tables 2 and 3 of the product dissolved in a suita-Pharmacy Bulk Packages, ≥5g—From each of 6 con-ble solvent, such as the solvent provided with the prepara-tainers, aseptically transfer about 1g of solids into a sterile tion, Sterile Water for Injection, sterile saline, or a suitable500-mL conical flask, dissolve in about 200mL of Fluid A, sterile solution such as x Fluid A (Diluting and Rinsing Fluids and mix; or constitute, as directed in the labeling, each of 6 for Membrane Filtration),x and proceed with the test as de-containers and transfer a quantity of liquid, equivalent to scribed above for Aqueous Solutions using a membrane ap-about 1g of solids, into a sterile 500-mL conical flask, dis-propriate to the chosen solvent.solve in about 200mL of Fluid A, and mix. Proceed as di-

rected for Aqueous Solutions.

OILS and OILY SOLUTIONS

ANTIBIOTIC SOLIDS, BULKS, and BLENDS

Use for each medium not less than the quantity of the

product prescribed in Tables 2 and 3. Oils and oily solutions Aseptically remove a sufficient quantity of solids from the of sufficiently low viscosity may be filtered without dilution appropriate amount of containers (see Table 2), mix to ob-through a dry membrane. Viscous oils may be diluted as tain a composite, equivalent to about 6g of solids, and necessary with a suitable sterile diluent such as isopropyl

transfer to a sterile 500-mL conical flask. Dissolve in about CATGUT and OTHER SURGICAL SUTURES FOR VETERINARIAN 200mL of Fluid A, and mix. Proceed as directed for Aqueous USE

Solutions.

Use for each medium not less than the quantities of the

product prescribed in Tables 2 and 3. Open the sealed pack-STERILE AEROSOL PRODUCTS

age using aseptic precautions, and remove three sections of

the strand for each culture medium. Carry out the test on For fluid products in pressurized aerosol form, freeze the

three sections, each 30-cm long, which have been cut off containers in an alcohol-dry ice mixture at least at –20° for

from the beginning, the center, and the end of the strand. about 1hour. If feasible, allow the propellant to escape

Use whole strands from freshly opened cassette packs. before aseptically opening the container, and transfer the

Transfer each section of the strand to the selected medium. contents to a sterile pooling vessel. Add 100mL of Fluid D

Use sufficient medium to cover adequately the material to to the pooling vessel, and mix gently. Proceed as directed

be tested (20mL to 150mL).

for Aqueous Solutions or Oils and Oily Solutions, whichever

applies.

x SOLIDS

DEVICES WITH PATHWAYS LABELED STERILE

Transfer a quantity of the product in the form of a dry

solid (or prepare a suspension of the product by adding Aseptically pass not less than 10pathway volumes of Fluid

sterile diluent to the immediate container), corresponding to D through each device tested. Collect the fluids in an ap-

not less than the quantity indicated in Tables 2 and 3. Trans-propriate sterile vessel, and proceed as directed for Aqueous

fer the material so obtained to 200mL of Fluid Thioglycollate Solutions or Oils and Oily Solutions, whichever applies.

Medium, and mix. Similarly, transfer the same quantity to

In the case of sterile, empty syringes, draw sterile diluent

200mL of Soybean–Casein Digest Medium, and mix. Proceed into the barrel through the sterile needle, if attached, or

as directed above.

through a sterile needle attached for the purpose of the

test, and express the contents into a sterile pooling vessel.

Proceed as directed above.x PURIFIED COTTON, GAUZE, SURGICAL DRESSINGS, and

RELATED ARTICLES Direct Inoculation of the Culture Medium

From each package of cotton, rolled gauze bandage, or Transfer the quantity of the preparation to be examined large surgical dressings being tested, aseptically remove two prescribed in Tables 2 and 3 directly into the culture me-or more portions of 100- to 500-mg each from the inner-dium so that the volume of the product is not more than most part of the sample. From individually packaged, single-10% of the volume of the medium, unless otherwise use materials, aseptically remove the entire article. Immerse prescribed.the portions or article in each medium, and proceed as di-If the product to be examined has antimicrobial activity,rected above.

carry out the test after neutralizing this with a suitable neu-

tralizing substance or by dilution in a sufficient quantity of

STERILE DEVICES

culture medium. When it is necessary to use a large volume

of the product, it may be preferable to use a concentrated

Articles can be immersed intact or disassembled. To en-culture medium prepared in such a way that it takes into

sure that device pathways are also in contact with the me-account the subsequent dilution. Where appropriate, the

dia, immerse the appropriate number of units per medium concentrated medium may be added directly to the product

in a volume of medium sufficient to immerse the device

in its container.

completely, and proceed as directed above. For extremely

large devices, immerse those portions of the device that are OILY LIQUIDS to come into contact with the patient in a volume of me-

dium sufficient to achieve complete immersion of those Use media to which have been added a suitable emulsify-portions.

ing agent at a concentration shown to be appropriate in the For catheters where the inside lumen and outside are re-Method Suitability Test, for example polysorbate 80 at a con-quired to be sterile, either cut them into pieces such that centration of 10g per L.the medium is in contact with the entire lumen or fill the

lumen with medium, and then immerse the intact unit.x OINTMENTS and CREAMS

OBSERVATION AND INTERPRETATION OF Prepare by diluting to about 1 in 10 by emulsifying with RESULTS

the chosen emulsifying agent in a suitable sterile diluent

such as x Fluid A (see Diluting and Rinsing Fluids for Mem-At intervals during the incubation period and at its con-brane Filtration).x Transfer the diluted product to a medium clusion, examine the media for macroscopic evidence of mi-not containing an emulsifying agent.crobial growth. If the material being tested renders the me-Incubate the inoculated media for not less than 14 days.dium turbid so that the presence or absence of microbial Observe the cultures several times during the incubation pe-growth cannot be readily determined by visual examination, riod. Shake cultures containing oily products gently each14 days after the beginning of incubation transfer portions day. However, when Fluid Thioglycollate Medium is used for(each not less than 1mL) of the medium to fresh vessels of the detection of anaerobic microorganisms, keep shaking or the same medium, and then incubate the original and trans-mixing to a minimum in order to maintain anaerobic fer vessels for not less than 4 days.

conditions.If no evidence of microbial growth is found, the product

to be examined complies with the test for sterility. If evi-

dence of microbial growth is found, the product to be ex-

amined does not comply with the test for sterility, unless it

can be clearly demonstrated that the test was invalid for

causes unrelated to the product to be examined. The test

may be considered invalid only if one or more of the follow-Two general techniques are employed: the cylinder-plate ing conditions are fulfilled:

(or plate) assay and the turbidimetric (or tube) assay. Table a.The data of the microbiological monitoring of the ste-1 lists all the antibiotics that contain microbial assays and rility testing facility show a fault.

specifies the type of assay (cylinder-plate or turbidimetric).

b.A review of the testing procedure used during the test in question reveals a fault.

Table 1

c.Microbial growth is found in the negative controls.Antibiotic

Type of Assay

d.After determination of the identity of the microorgan-Amphotericin B Cylinder-plate isms isolated from the test, the growth of this species (or these species) may be ascribed unequivocally to Bacitracin Cylinder-plate faults with respect to the material and or the tech-Bleomycin Cylinder-plate nique used in conducting the sterility test procedur

e.Capreomycin Turbidimetric If the test is declared to be invalid, it is repeated with the Carbenicillin

Cylinder-plate same number of units as in the original test. If no evidence Chloramphenicol Turbidimetric of microbial growth is found in the repeat test, the product Chlortetracycline Turbidimetric examined complies with the test for sterility. If microbial growth is found in the repeat test, the product examined Cloxacillin

Cylinder-plate does not comply with the test for sterility.

Colistemethate Cylinder-plate Colistin

Cylinder-plate Cylinder-plate APPLICATION OF THE TEST TO PARENTERAL Dihydrostreptomycin Turbidimetric PREPARATIONS, OPHTHALMIC, AND OTHER Erythromycin Cylinder-plate NONINJECTABLE PREPARATIONS REQUIRED Gentamicin Cylinder-plate TO COMPLY WITH THE TEST FOR STERILITY

Gramicidin Turbidimetric When using the technique of membrane filtration, use,Nafcillin Cylinder-plate whenever possible, the whole contents of the container, but Natamycin Cylinder-plate not less than the quantities indicated in Table 2, diluting Cylinder-plate Neomycin where necessary to about 100mL with a suitable sterile so-Turbidimetric lution, such as x Fluid A (see Diluting and Rinsing Fluids for Novobiocin Cylinder-plate Membrane Filtration ).x

Nystatin

Cylinder-plate When using the technique of direct inoculation of media,use the quantities shown in Table 2, unless otherwise justi-Oxytetracycline Turbidimetric fied and authorized. The tests for bacterial and fungal steril-Paromomycin Cylinder-plate ity are carried out on the same sample of the product to be Penicillin G Cylinder-plate examined. When the volume or the quantity in a single con-Polymyxin B Cylinder-plate tainer is insufficient to carry out the tests, the contents of Sisomicin Cylinder-plate two or more containers are used to inoculate the different Tetracycline Turbidimetric media.

Thiostrepton Turbidimetric Troleandomycin Turbidimetric MINIMUM NUMBER OF ITEMS TO BE TESTED

Tylosin

Turbidimetric Vancomycin

Cylinder-plate

The minimum number of items to be tested in relation to the size of the batch is given in Table 3.

[N OTE —Perform all procedures under conditions designed to avoid extrinsic microbial contamination. Take adequate safety precautions while performing these assays because of possible allergies to drugs and because live cultures of or-ganisms are used in the procedures.]

Cylinder-plate assay:The cylinder-plate assay depends on Biological Tests and

diffusion of the antibiotic from a vertical cylinder through a solidified agar layer in a Petri dish or plate. The growth of Assays

the specific microorganisms inoculated into the agar is pre-vented in a circular area or zone around the cylinder con-taining the solution of the antibiotic.

Turbidimetric assay:The turbidimetric assay depends on the inhibition of growth of a microorganism in a uniform solution of the antibiotic in a fluid medium that is favorable ?81? ANTIBIOTICS—MICROBIAL

to the growth of the microorganism in the absence of the antibiotic.

ASSAYS

Units and Reference Standards:The potency of antibiot-ics is designated in either units (U) or μg of activity. In each case the unit or μg of antibiotic activity was originally estab-lished against a United States Federal Master Standard for that antibiotic. The corresponding USP Reference Standard Introduction and General Information

is calibrated in terms of the master standard.

Originally, an antibiotic selected as a reference standard The activity (potency) of antibiotics can be demonstrated was thought to consist entirely of a single chemical entity by their inhibitory effect on microorganisms under suitable and was therefore assigned a potency of 1000μg/mg. In conditions. A reduction in antimicrobial activity may not be several such instances, as the manufacturing and purification adequately demonstrated by chemical methods. This chap-methods for particular antibiotics became more advanced,ter summarizes procedures for the antibiotics recognized in antibiotics containing more than 1000μg of activity/mg be-the United States Pharmacopeia (USP ) for which the microbi-came possible. Such antibiotics had an activity equivalent to

ological assay is the standard analytical method.

微生物限度检查方法及其验证报告(修改)

文件编号:73021微生物限度检查方法及其验证报告

目录1 样品相关信息 1.1 基本信息 2 主要仪器设备和试验耗材信息 2.1 主要使用的仪器设备 2.2 试验用培养基 2.3 试验用试剂 2.4 试验用菌种 3 试验环境 3.1 无菌室 3.2 洁净工作台 3.3 生物安全柜 4 试验方案 4.1 验证试验目的 4.2 微生物限度检查方法草案 5 方法验证试验 5.1 菌液制备 5.2 计数培养基适用性检查 5.3 控制菌检查用培养基使用性检查 5.4 供试液制备 5.5 方法验证 5.5.1 菌落计数方法验证试验 5.5.2 控制菌检查方法的验证 5.6 方法验证结论 6 供试品微生物限度检查结果

1 样品相关信息 1.1 基本信息(三批) 2 主要仪器设备和试验耗材信息2.1 主要使用的仪器设备 2.2 试验用培养基 2.2.1 对照培养基

2.2.2 试验用培养基 2.3 试验用试剂 2.4 试验用菌种

3 试验环境 《中国药典》2015版规定,微生物限度检查应在环境洁净度10000级下的局部洁净度100级的单向流空气区域进行。 本公司微生物限度室、阳性对照室、生物安全柜及超净工作台洁净度检测无特殊情况下每季度进行一次。 3.1 无菌室 无菌室按《医药工业洁净厂房设计规》GB 50457-2008监测,静态洁净度检测结果符合GB50457-2008对10000级洁净度要求。 3.2 超净工作台 超净工作台按《医药工业洁净厂房设计规》GB50457-2008监测,静态洁净度检测结果符合GB50457-2008对100级洁净度要求。 超净工作台沉降菌检测记录 2015.11.15 3.3生物安全柜 生物安全柜按《生物安全实验室建筑技术规》GB50346-2011监测,静态洁净度检测结果符合GB50457-2008对100级洁净度要求。 生物安全柜沉降菌监测记录 2015.11.15 4 试验方案 按《中国药典》2015年版第四部:(通则1105)非无菌产品微生物限度检查:微生物计数法、(通则1106)非无菌产品微生物限度检查:控制菌检查法、(通则1107)非无菌药品微生物限度标准及(通则1121)抑菌效力检查法规定,本品微生物限度标准为:1g供试品中,需氧菌总数不得过1000cfu,霉菌和酵母菌总数不得过100cfu,大肠埃希菌不得检出。

微生物限度检查记录 版

表:微生物限度检查记录(通用) 三、大肠埃希菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、麦康凯液体培养基(配制批号:)麦康凯琼脂培养基(配制批号:)

微生物限度检查记录 (30~35℃,3~5天) 20℃~25℃,5~7天) 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基(配制批号:) 三、控制菌检查(30-35℃)

表: 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、麦康凯液体培养基(配制批号:)麦康凯琼脂培养基(配制批号:) (30℃~35℃) 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、RV沙门增菌液体培养基(配制批号:),木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂培养基(配制批号:)、三糖铁琼脂(配制批号:) 五、耐胆盐革兰阴性菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、肠道菌增菌液体培养基(配制批号:),紫红胆盐葡萄糖琼脂培养基(配制批号:)

表: (含药材原粉的片剂) 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号: )、麦康凯液体培养基(配制批号: )麦康凯琼脂培养基(配制批号: ) (30℃~35℃) 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号: )、RV 沙门增菌液体培养基(配制批号: ),木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂培养基(配制批号: )、三糖铁琼脂(配制批号: ) 五、耐胆盐革兰阴性菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号: )、肠道菌增菌液体培养基(配制批号: ),紫红胆盐葡萄糖琼脂培养基(配制批号: )

表:微生物限度检查记录(蛇胆川贝液) 三、大肠埃希菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、RV沙门增菌液体培养基(配制批号:),木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂培养基(配制批号:)、三糖铁琼脂(配制批号:)

制药企业微生物限度控制菌检查培养基适用性检查记录表式样

控制菌检查培养基适用性检查记录 一、菌液制备(需要的菌种在□内划“√”): □(1)大肠埃希菌新鲜肉汤培养物1ml ,9ml0.9%无菌NaCl溶液,10倍递增稀释; □(2)金黄色葡萄球菌新鲜肉汤培养物1ml,9ml0.9%无菌NaCl溶液,10倍递增稀释; □(3)乙型副伤寒沙门菌新鲜肉汤培养物1ml,9ml0.9%无菌NaCl溶液,10倍递增稀释; □(4)铜绿假单胞菌新鲜肉汤培养物1ml,9ml0.9%无菌NaCl溶液,10倍递增稀释; □(5)生孢梭菌新鲜硫乙醇酸盐流体培养物1ml,9ml0.9%无菌NaCl溶液,10倍递增稀释; 二、每ml菌液含菌量的计数测定。 测定方法:取稀释后的菌液1ml(剩余的菌液冷藏保存),置直径90mm的无菌平皿中,注入15-20ml已经过适用性检查确正的温度不超过45℃的溶化的营养琼脂培养基(细菌类别计数选用该培养基)或玫瑰红钠琼脂培养基(霉菌、酵母菌类别计数选用该培养基),混匀,凝固,倒置培养。每稀释级每种培养基至少制备2个平板。细菌类别培养温度为30℃~35℃;霉菌、酵母菌类别培养温度为23℃~28℃。细菌类别培养3天,霉菌、酵母菌类别培养5天。 三、检查结果:需做的检查在□内划“√”。 □ 1. 增菌培养基促生长能力检查

分别接种不大于100cfu的试验菌于被检培养基和对照培养基中,在相应控制菌检查规定的培养温度及最短培养时间下培养。与对照培养基管比较,被检培养基管试验菌。 检验标准:与对照培养基管比较,被检培养基管试验菌应生长良好。 结论: □ 2. 固体培养基促生长能力检查 检验标准:被检培养基的菌落数与对照培养基菌落数相比大于70%,且菌落形态大小应与对照培养基上的菌落一致。判该培养基的适用性检查符合规定。 结论: □ 3. 培养基抑制能力检查 分别接种试验菌于被检培养基中,在相应控制菌检查规定的培养温度和时间下培养,试验菌。 检验标准:试验菌应不得生长。 结论: □ 4. 培养基指示能力检查 分别接种少量试验菌于被检培养基和对照培养基中,在相应控制菌检查规定的培养温度和时间下培养。被检培养基中试验菌生长的菌落形态、大小、指示剂反应情况等。 检验标准:被检培养基中试验菌生长的菌落形态、大小、指示剂反应情况等应与对照培养基一致。 结论: 结论: 检验人:复核人:

无菌检查和微生物限度检查操作规范

无菌检查和微生物限度检查操作规范 (中国药品生物制品检定所) 一、无菌室的要求: 无菌室是无菌检查、微生物限度检查的重要设备,面积不小于6平米,高度2.4-2.8m为宜。建筑材料要光洁,不吸潮,无凸起,耐腐蚀,易清洗。无菌室内部应六面光滑,无缝隙,里面连接处应呈凹凸形,不留死角。操作间和缓冲间的门不应直对,缓冲间两个。 无菌室内采光面积要大,照明灯应镶嵌在天花板内,光照应分布均匀,光照度不低于300lux,电源开关应设在室外。 无菌室、缓冲间和操作间均应设置紫外线杀菌灯,每立方米2-2.5瓦,距实验台高度不超过1米,并应定期检查辐射强度,距1米处应不低于70微瓦/平方厘米,无菌室内应安装空气除菌过滤层流装置及调温装置,控制温度18-26℃,相对湿度40%-60%,操作间或净化工作台的洁净空气应保持与相临环境形成正压,不低于4.9帕。操作区洁净度100级,操作间洁净度10000级,洁净度定期检查。 无菌室及缓冲间不得存放其他杂物,如培养箱。 用消毒液清洁无菌室操作台面,开启无菌室紫外灯和层流空气过滤30分钟以上。无菌室的无菌程度,常用的沉降菌测定方法为:取营养肉汤琼脂平板3个,置无菌室的操作区台面左、中、右位置上,开盖暴露30分钟,在30-35℃培养2天后,计算菌落数。用于无菌检查的无菌室或微生物限度检查的无菌室,细菌总数应小于3个,浮游菌每立方米应小于5个,否则,不能用于无菌检查和微生物限度检查。 二、培养基的准备 1、培养基的制备: 配制培养基的蒸馏水或去离子水应符合规定。再称取需气菌、厌气菌培养基、真菌培养基的干燥培养基,加水溶化后,调节PH值,使灭菌后需气菌、厌气菌培养基的PH值为7.0-7.3,真菌培养基的PH值为6.2-6.6,分装、盖塞、灭菌,待用。 2、培养基灵敏度试验: 培养基是无菌试验的基准物质,关系到无菌试验结果的科学、准确、可信度,因此,培养基灵敏度试验是无菌试验的重要组成部分。只有使用灵敏度试验合格的培养基,才能保证无菌试验结果准确、可靠。 培养基灵敏度试验操作如下:取藤黄微球菌、生孢梭菌、白色念珠菌的新鲜培养液,分别10倍递增稀释,制成每ml 含10-100个菌,并作菌落记数。将制备好的菌液分别加至需气菌、厌气菌培养基、真菌培养基各3管。至规定温度培养5天,每株菌接种的培养基不少于2管生长,则改培养基的灵敏度试验合格。 3、培养基用前的检查: (1)无菌检查:各种培养基在规定温度培养3天,应无菌生长。 (2)新鲜程度检查:需气菌、厌气菌培养基氧化层的颜色用前不能超过1/5,否则,不能使用。应煮沸去氧,只限加热一次。 4、培养基的保存时限: 配制好的无菌试验用培养基在2周内用完。 三、菌种复苏和保藏 1、菌种复苏: 先将冻干菌种的封口端用砂轮刻痕,在刻痕处过火焰数次,用无菌湿棉球炸裂后打开,然后,加入0.3-0.4ml稀释液于菌种管底部,将菌种稀释、混匀,并吸出菌液,接种于适宜的培养基。培养时间和温度根据不同的菌种而定。仔细检查菌种的有关特性,如无发现异常,即可传代、使用。 2、药品微生物用的菌种传代方法: 取复苏好的菌种一支,接种于规定的培养基数管,培养后,置冰箱中保藏。取出使用的菌种,经一段时间后即可废弃。 为防止微生物突变,菌种应尽量避免不必要的接种和传代。

微生物实验报告模板

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A、关键生产区-100级 (ISO5) (8) B、辅助洁净区 (10) C、洁净区的分隔 (10) D、空气过滤 (10) 1、膜 (10) 2、高效空气过滤器(HEPA) (11) E、设计 (12) Ⅴ、人员培训、确认及监控 (14) A、人员 (15) B、实验室人员 (16) C、监控计划 (16) Ⅵ、组分和容器/密封件 (17) A、组分 (17) B、容器/密封件 (18) 1、准备工作 (18) 2、容器密封件系统的检查 (19) Ⅶ、内毒素的控制 (19) Ⅷ、时间限制 (20) Ⅸ、无菌生产加工方法及灭菌的验证 (20) A、模拟生产过程 (20)

微生物限度检查记录(2015年版)

表:2.1-024微生物限度检查记录(通用) 三、大肠埃希菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、麦康凯液体培养基(配制批号:)麦康凯琼脂培养基(配制批号:)

审核者:检验者: 微生物限度检查记录 (30~35℃,3~5天) 20℃~25℃,5~7天) 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂培养基(配制批号:) 三、控制菌检查(30-35℃)

表:2.1-024 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、麦康凯液体培养基(配制批号:)麦康凯琼脂培养基(配制批号:) (30℃~35℃) 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、RV沙门增菌液体培养基(配制批号:),木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂培养基(配制批号:)、三糖铁琼脂(配制批号:) 五、耐胆盐革兰阴性菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号:)、肠道菌增菌液体培养基(配制批号:),紫红胆盐葡萄糖琼脂培养基(配制批号:)

表:2.1-024 (含药材原粉的片剂) 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号: )、麦康凯液体培养基(配制批号: )麦康凯琼脂培养基(配制批号: ) (30℃~35℃) 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号: )、RV 沙门增菌液体培养基(配制批号: ),木糖赖氨酸脱氧胆酸盐琼脂培养基(配制批号: )、三糖铁琼脂(配制批号: ) 五、耐胆盐革兰阴性菌检查 胰酪大豆胨液体培养基(配制批号: )、肠道菌增菌液体培养基(配制批号: ),紫红胆盐葡萄糖琼脂培养基(配制批号: )

表:2.1-024微生物限度检查记录(蛇胆川贝液) 三、大肠埃希菌检查

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