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高中英语时态分析教学

高中英语时态分析教学
高中英语时态分析教学

高中英语时态分析教学

随着新课程改革的深入推进,学生在学习中主体地位的突现,教师作为课堂教学的主导者在进行教学时重过程,重导其表而疏其实。而学生在进行语法学习时,鉴于教师的过程化教学,往往容易形成对于知识的理解、掌握流于表象,对其实质知之甚少,让其说出各种时态的差异及用法时,绝大多数学生能迅速、流利“背”出相关理论性语言,但在具体运用时则不知所以然,甚至张冠李戴,导致错误。笔者从07年新课程改革全面实施以来,一直认真研读高中语法在新教材中的编排理论,及高中教师如何对新教材下语法知识的传导。结合自己在日常教学中的实践摸索,我认为高中英语时态教学中应从以下几个方面培养学生分析时态。

一、从概念入手

时态的概念是时态的本质。各种时态的概念诠释了各种时态谓语动词动作发生的内在实质,这是英语语言与作为我们母语的汉语所没有的特点。我们在教学中有对时态概念的分析,但流于表象、较抽象,学生难于从其实质上理解。部分学生仅仅从一般概念意义上去背诵、记忆,而无法从概念实质上去分析具体时态。怎么正确运用时态的概念去解决具体问题呢?

首先应了解时态概念的实质。时态概念界定了谓语动词动作发生的时间范畴;谓语动词动作发生后,该动作所产生的影响;以及该动词动作本身具有的特征。如:

1、一般现在时:概念是经常性、习惯性的动作。

例:I usually get up at six in the morning.

时间范畴:任意一天的早晨

动作产生的影响:早6:00点起床。

动作的特征:动作在过去、现在、将来都会发生。

2、一般过去时:强调动作发生在过去的一个事实。

例:He went to Beijing last week.

时间范畴:过去特定的一个时间(last week)

动作影响:上周去了北京,至于现在情况则不清楚。

动作特征:上周(last week)该动作发生过,与现在无关。

3、现在完成时:动作发生在过去,但过去的时间不清楚,对现在造成一定的影响或结果。

例:I have read the book three times.

时间范畴:动作发生在一个不太清楚的过去。

动作影响:对现在又一定的影响,即主语对book有一定的了解。

动作特征:过去的动作与现在有关。

4、过去进行时:动作发生在过去特定的时间,强调过去动作的持续,与现在没有关系。

例:---can you tell me what I said just now?

---Sorry ,I was observing the dog near the river.

时间范畴:动作发生在过去,said与observe均发生在过去

动作影响:通过上下文不难看出“observe”与上文said是同时进行,但其主要强调这个动作持续

动作特征:过去的动作与现在无关,observe的动作是否还在发生,从句意无法得知,但是observe这个动作必然持续一段时间。二、从参照时间点入手

在分析英语句子中的时态时我们常常给谓语动词界定一个时间参照点,即现在和过去。我们学习的所有时态都可以依据这两个参照点来判断。

A:一般现在时B:现在进行时C:一般过去时D:一般将来时

E:现在完成时F:过去完成时G:过去进行时

通过此时间轴,我们可以很清楚、很直观地把时态呈现出来,其中一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、现在完成时其参照时间点为现在,也就是其谓语动词动作的发生都与现在有关系;而一般过去时、

过去完成时、过去进行时和过去将来时其参照时间点为过去某一特定时间,也就是其谓语动词动作的发生都与过去特定的时间有关系,而与现在无关系。

三、从显示词上分析

英语中时态的出现是基于谓语动词动作发生时间的不同导致动词形态发生变化。也就是说动词的时态是以时间为基准的,即时间是英语动词时态的一个决定性参数。时间的变化导致时态的变化。时间作为动词动作发生的界定词在某种程度上能呈现其时态的意义。因此,在分析时态时,我们应该充分了解每一种时态里起决定性因素的时间这个参数。了解这些一般规律意义上能呈现时态的表时间的名词、副词以及短语词组,为我们剖析句子的时态提供了参考。

时态显示时间词

一般现在时always usually sometimes often

现在进时now , at present

一般过去时yesterday , last week/year , in the past

一般将来时tomorrow, next week,

过去进行时at this time yesterday

现在完成时

for+段时间,since+过去点时间,already ,yet ,just ,never ,ever、recently、lately Before ,up to now ,so far ,until now ,

in/during last /past +段时间

过去完成时by the end of +过去点时间

将来完成时by the end of +将来点时间

四、从主从复合句入手

英语中两个无关联的简单句融合为一个主从复合句,其主句和从句在其意义上、前后逻辑上、修饰与被修饰关系上是有一定联系的。在部分主从复合句中主句的谓语动词的时态在某种程度上影响并制约从句谓语动词的时态。也就是说,主句和从句中的谓语动词不能各自为战,应协调统一、保持一致。根据参照时间点把所有时态分为两大类:现在的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时)和过去的时态(一般过去时。过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。而在绝大多数主从复合句中,其主句时态和从句时态是有规律可循的。

(一)、宾语从句。若主句的时态为一般过去式,则从句谓语动词用相应过去的时态。

例:Lucy told her father that she had finished reading the book.

但若从句中体现的是客观事实、真理,则其时态不受主句影响。

例:The teacher said the sun rises in the east.

(二)、时间状语从句中

1、在时间状语从句中和条件状语从句中遵循“主将从现”原则,

即若主句、从句中的谓语动词动作均发生在将来,则主句用一般将来时、从句用一般现在时替代将来的动作。

例:I will tell him the news as soon as I see him

2、由when、before、after 、until 引导的时间状语从句,若主

句、从句谓语动词动作均发生在过去,且这两个动词动作不同时发生。则先发出动作的动词用过去完成时,后发出动作的动词用一般过去时

例:The train had left when he got to the railway station.

3、由when、while、as 引导的时间状语从句,若主句、从句谓

语动词动作均发生在过去,且这两个动词动作同时发生。则延续性动词用过去进行时,非延续性动词用一般过去式;若两个动词均为延续性动词,则延续时间长的用过去进行时,延续时间短的

用一般过去式。

例:He was watching TV when his father came back.

I listened to music as I was walking

4、由since 引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时、从句用一般过去式。

例:I have learned more than 3000 English words since I went to middle school

5、几种主从复合句特殊时态

1)It +will be +段时间+before +句子(该句子用一般现在式)2)It+ is/has been +段时间+since +句子(该句子用一般过去时)3)It + be + 点时间+ when + 句子(前后句子时态保持一致)4)主+ had hardly +p.p + when + 句子(该句子用一般过去式)主+had no sooner +p.p + than + 句子(该句子用一般过去式)5)主+ had + p.p +其他+by the time +句子(该句子用一般过去式6)主+will + have + p.p +其他+by the time +句子(该句子用一般现在时)

7)It is the first time that+句子(该句子时态用现在完成时)It was the first time that+句子(该句子时态用过去完成时)8)It is (high) time that 句子(该句子时态用一般过去时或谓语动词用should +动词原形)

(三)、定语从句)

It is the adjest +名词+句子(定语从句)[该句子时态用现在完

成时]

It was the adjest +名词+句子(定语从句)[该句子时态用过去

完成时]

总之,时态的分析方法很多,在日常教学中,只要善于归纳,勤于发现,我们是能找到规律,并能从其时态实质意义上理解的。

高中英语动词时态语态考点详解版

表格式一般现在时态和语态 2. Jenny (has) a good friend? 3. Brian (not live) in China. 4. Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing. 5. If it (not rain)tomorrow, we will go to the park. 6. Our teacher said that the earth (go)around the sun yesterday. 7.He (help)the old man every week . 8.The old man (help)by him every week. 9.The building (visit) by many people every year.

一一般现在时 (一)定义:主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作, 句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语;表示客观规律和永恒真理等 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. (二)标志词: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever,every week (day, year, month…), once /twice a week, on Sundays, (三)谓语动词构成: 1 be动词的一般现在时:am is are("是",“在”) 2 当谓语动词是行为动词的时候: (1)当主语不是第三人称单数的时候,一般现在时用行为动词的原形 (2)主语是he,she,it等第三人称单数(除去I,you以外的任何一个单数的名词或者代词),动词要变形加s或es. (温馨提示:动词变形要符合两个条件:1,主语是三单,2,句子是肯定句) (四).基本结构: 1,肯定句:主语+谓语(+其他的) He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. (主语He是三单,又是肯定句,所以谓语动词发生变形,加上了s) Tom and Tim both have medium height. He has a big mouth. We like the dog very much. 2,否定句:主语+don’t或者doesn’t+动词原形+其他(在be或者后面加上do does) Candy doesn’t do her housework every day. We don’t dance . He isn’t a worker. 3,一般疑问句:Do (Does)+主语+动词原形+其他?(把be或者do does 提到主语的前面)Does she like English? Yes,she does. No,she doesn’t. Do you swim in summer? Are you a teacher? 4,特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句Where does Tom come from? (五) 一般现在时态用法 (1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与这样的时间状语连用: eg: We always help each other. It often snows in winter. I get up early every morning. (2)表示主语现在的特征、性格、能力等。 eg: He loves sports. Jane is an outgoing girl. Tom and Tim both have medium height. (3)表示客观、普遍真理 eg: Two and four makes six. Water boils at 100℃The moon moves round the earth。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. (4)表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 (六)一般现在时态的考点:

高中英语语法(时态和语态)

高中英语语法(时态和语态) 一.动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态,但是常见的只有九种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。 (一)一般现在时(do / does) 1.具体用法 1) 表示经常性或习惯性动作 We always care for each other and help each other. 我们总是互相关心互相帮助。 He goes to school every day. 2)表示现在的特征或状态 He is very happy. Do you sing? ----A little. 3)表示普遍真理 Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言语。 * 常与一般现在时态连用的词或短语主要有:often, usually, sometimes, every day, every morning/afternoon, on Sundays/weekends等等。 I often go to the cinema on Sundays. 我经常星期天去看电影。 He goes to work early every day. 他每天上班很早。 (二)一般过去时( did ) (1)表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态,常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如: We went to the pictures last night and saw a very interesting film. (2)表示过去习惯性动作。例如: He always went to class last. I used to do my homework in the library. (三)一般将来时( will / shall do) 1)表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或状态。例如: I shall graduate next year. 2)一般将来时有时可以表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。如 Crops will die without water. You won’t succeed with out their support. 3) 几种替代形式: *be going to +v在口语中广泛使用,表示准备做或将发生的事情。例如: I'm going to buy a house when we've saved enough money. *be to +v表示计划安排要做的事,具有"必要"的强制性意义。例如: I am to play tennis this afternoon. *be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如: He was about to start. *be due to +v表示预先确定了的事,必定发生的事。例如: The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5)少数动词如:begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等的一般现在时可用来表示将来的动作。(多用来表示按计划事先安排好即将发生的动作,句中通常还有一个表示将来的时间状语)。例如: The meeting begins at seven.

高中英语时态 专题讲解

时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的时态是通 过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时. 1.一般现在时的用法 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every..., sometimes, at..., on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3) 表示格言或警句。例如: Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。

(完整word版)高中英语动词时态语态复习讲解

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