青岛大学考研真题翻译硕士英语2011
青岛大学2011年翻译专业硕士研究生入学试题
科目代码：211 科目名称：翻译硕士英语 (共9 页)
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PART I GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points)
There are forty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1. The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring
country, _____ by the police each time.
A. had been captured
B. being always captured
C. only to be captured
D. unfortunately captured
2. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book
difficult to understand.
A. but
B. nor
C. like
D. as
3. He’s ____ as a “bellyacher” — he’s always complaining about something.
A. who is known
B. whom is known
C. what is known
D. which is known
4. ______ he always tries his best to complete it on time.
A. However the task is hard
B. However hard the task is
C. Though hard the task is
D. Though hard is the task
5. My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ___ about the food he eats.
A. special
B. peculiar
C. particular
D. specific
6. One third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, in the San Francisco area.
A. remarkably
B. severely
C. drastically
D. predominantly
7. More often than not, it is difficult to ______ the exact meaning of a Chinese
idiom in English.
A. exchange
B. transfer
C. convey
D. convert
8. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think it best
to___.
A. engage
B. devote
C. seek
D. pursue
9. The local authorities realized the need to make ___for elderly people in
their housing programs.
A. preparation
B. requirement
C. specification
D. provision
10. ______I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the
difficulties.
A. As long as
B. As
C. While
D. Even
11. During the famine, many people were _____ to going without food for days.
A. sunk
B. reduced
C. forced
D. declined
12. You must insist that students give a truthful answer ______ with the reality of their
world.
A. relevant
B. simultaneous
C. consistent
D. practical
13. Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat ______ by far the
biggest cereal crop.
A.is
B.been
C.be
D.being
14. Time ______, the celebration will be held as scheduled.
A.permit
B.permitting
C.permitted
D.permits
15. ______ I like economics, I like sociology much better.
A. As mush as
B. So much
C. How much
D. Much as
16. With ____ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now.
A. rare
B.unusual
C.extraordinary
D.unique
17. He plays tennis to the ____ of all other sports.
A. eradication
B. exclusion
C. extension
D. inclusion
18. She answered with an ____ "No" to the request that she attend the
public hearing.
A. eloquent
B. effective
C. emotional
D. emphatic
19. Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is ____ with life.
A. vibrant
B. violent
C. energetic
D. full
20. ______ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.
A. I was and always will be
B. I have to be and always will be
C. I had been and always will be
D. I have been and always will be
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (50 Points)
In this section there are five reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.
Passage 1
A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general history classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors—or of people very different from our own—can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offer us a deeper understanding than can be found in most history books.
In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented; that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya was perhaps the first truly “political” artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clemente Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros—as well
as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martines—depicted these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are unholy.
1. More can be learned about a culture from a study of art history than general history
because art history______.
A. show us the religious and emotions of a people in addition to political values.
B. provide us with information about the daily activities of people in the past.
C. give us an insight into the essential qualities of a time and a place.
D. all of the above.
2. Art is subjective in that__.
A. a personal and emotional view of history is presented through it.
B. it can easily rouse our anger or sadness about social problems.
C. it will find a ready echo in our hearts.
D. both B and C.
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Unlike Francisco Goya, Pablo and several Mexican artists expressed their political
opinions in their paintings.
B. History books often reveal the compilers’ political views.
C. Religious art remained in Europe for centuries the only type of art because most
people regarded the Bible as the Holy Book.
D. All the above mentioned.
4. The passage is mainly discussing__.
A. the difference between general history and art history.
B. The making of art history.
C. What can we learn from art.
D. The influence of artists on art history.
5. In may be concluded from this passage that__.
A. Islamic artists have had to create architectural decorations with images of flowers
or geometric forms.
B. History teachers are more objective than general history.
C. It is more difficult to study art history than general history.
D. People and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in
order to popularize the Bible.
Passage 2
Nineteenth-century writers in the United States, whether they wrote novels, short stories, poems, or plays, were powerfully drawn to the railroad in its golden years. In fact,
writers responded to the railroads as soon as the first were built in the 1830’s. By the 1850’s, the railroad was a major presence in the life of the nation. Writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau saw the railroad both as a boon to democracy and as an object of suspicion. The railroad could be and was a despoiler of nature; furthermore, in its manifestation of speed and noise, it might be a despoiler of human nature as well. By the 1850’s and 1860’s, there was a great distrust among writer intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force. Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values. A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.
For the most part, the literature in which the railroad plays an important role belongs to popular culture rather than to the realm of serious art. One thinks of melodramas, boy’s books, thrillers, romances, and the like rather than novels of the first rank. In the railroads’ prime years, between 1890 and 1920, there were a few individuals in the United States, most of them with solid railroading experience behind them, who made a profession of writhing about railroading--- works offering the ambience of stations, yards, and locomotive cabs. These writers, who can genuinely be said to have created a genre, the “railroad novel,” are now mostly forgotten, their names having faded from memory. But anyone who takes the time to consult their fertile writing will still find a treasure trove of information about the place of the railroad in the life of the United States.
6. With which of the following topics is the passage mainly concerned?
A. The role of the railroad in the economy of the Unite States
B. Major nineteenth-century writers
C. The conflict between expanding industry and preserving nature
D. The railroad as a subject for literature
7. In the first paragraph, the author implies that writers’ reactions to the development of
railroads were
A. highly enthusiastic
B. both positive and negative
C. unchanging
D. disinterested
8. According to the passage, the railroad played a significant role in literature in all of
the following kinds of books EXCEPT
A. thrillers
B. boys’ books
C. important novels
D. romances
9. The author mentions all of the following as being true about the literature of railroads
EXCEPT that
A. many of its writers had experience working on railroads
B. many of the books were set in railroad stations and yards
C. the books were well known during the railroads’ prime years
D. quite a few of the books are still popular today
10. What is the author’s attitude toward the “railroad novels” and other books about
railroads written between 1890 and 1920?
A. They have much literary importance as the books written by Emerson, Thoreau,
and Adams.
B. They are good examples of the effects industry and business had on the literature
of the United States.
C. They contributed to the weakening of traditional values.
D. They are worth reading as sources of knowledge about the impact of railroads on
life in the United States.
Passage 3
The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid. The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone’s experience in the organization.
Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subject of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT&T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long-term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%, image, 30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases, it won't secure you the big promotion. He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.
Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Coleman, feel that the scales (障眼物) have dropped from their eyes. "Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs," says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporation s deal with these issues. "They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead--that someone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion." She adds, "Most women and blacks are so frightened that people will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down (使不突出) their visibility." Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.
11. According to the passage, "things formerly judged to be best left unsaid" (Line 2,
Para.1) probably refers to "__________".
A. criticisms that shape everyone's experience
B. the opinions which contradict the established beliefs
C. the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eye
D. the ideas which usually come up with usually come up with new ways of
management in the organization
12. To achieve success in your career, the most important factor, according to the
passage, is to __________.
A. let your superiors know how good you are
B. project a favorable image to the people around you
C. work as a consultant to your superiors
D. perform well your tasks given by your superiors
13. The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they __________.
A. know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotion
B. want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefs
C. don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or color
D. believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color
14. The author is of the opinion that Coleman's beliefs are __________ .
A. biased
B. popular
C. insightful
D. superficial
15. The best title for this passage would be __________.
A. Role of Women and Minorities in Management
B. The Importance of Being Visible
C. Job Performance and Advancement
D. Sex and Career Success
Passage 4
Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II , an American retailing analyst named Victor Elbow proclaimed,” Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, is consumption. ... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”
Americans have responded to Elbow’s call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economics—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.
Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.
Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches. Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.
Of course, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.
If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much,
we are left to wonder how much enough is. What level of consumption can the earth support? When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?
16. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II __________.
A. led to the reform of the retailing system
B. resulted in the worship of consumerism
C. gave rise to the dominance of the new egoism
D. gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers
17. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high
consumption is ___________.
A. the people's desire for a rise in their living standards
B. the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume
C. the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption
D. the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals
18. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?
A. Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.
B. Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population
growth.
C. Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.
D. Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.
19. According to the passage, consumerist culture___________ .
A. will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries
B. will not aggravate environmental problems
C. cannot thrive on a fragile economy
D. cannot satisfy human spiritual needs
20. It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.
A. human spiritual needs should match material affluence
B. whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue
C. how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem
D. there is never an end to satisfying people's material needs
Passage 5
Opinion poll surveys show that the public see scientists in a rather unflattering light.
Commonly, the scientist is also seen as being male. It is true that most scientists are male, but the picture of science as a male activity may be a major reason why fewer girls than boys opt for science, except when it comes to biology, which is seen as “female.”
The image most people have of science and scientists comes from their own experience of school science, and from the mass media. Science teachers themselves see it as a problem that so many school pupils find school science an unsatisfying experience, though over the last few years more and more pupils, including girls, have opted for science subjects.
In spite of excellent documentaries, and some good popular science magazines, scientific stories in the media still usually alternate between miracle and scientific threat. The popular stereotype of science is like the magic of fairy tales: it has potential for
enormous good or awful harm. Popular fiction is full of “good” scientists saving the world, and “mad” scientists trying to destroy it.
From all the many scientific stories which might be given media treatment, those which are chosen are usually those which can be framed in terms of the usual news angles: novelty, threat, conflict or the bizarre. The routine and often tedious work of the scientist slips from view, to be replaced with a picture of scientists forever offending public moral sensibilities (as in embryo research), threatening public health (as in weapons research), or fighting it out with each other (in giving evidence at public enquiries such as those held on the issues connected with nuclear power).
The mass media also tends to over-personalize scientific work, depicting it as the product of individual genius, while neglecting the social organization which makes scientific work possible. A further effect of this is that science comes to be seen as a thing in itself: a kind of unpredictable force; a tide of scientific progress.
It is no such thing, of course. Science is what scientists do; what they do is what a particular kind of society facilitates, and what is done with their work depends very much on who has the power to turn their discoveries into technology, and what their interests are.
21. According to the passage, ordinary people have a poor opinion of science and
scientists partly because ______.
A. of the misleading of the media
B. opinion polls are unflattering
C. scientists are shown negatively in the media
D. science is considered to be dangerous
22. Fewer girls than boys study science because ______.
A. they think that science is too difficult
B. they are often unsuccessful in science at school
C. science is seen as a man’s job
D. science is considered to be tedious
23. Media treatment of science tends to concentrate on _____.
A. the routine, everyday work of scientists
B. discoveries that the public will understand
C. the more sensational aspects of science
D. the satisfactions of scientific work
24. According to the author, over-personalization of scientific work will lead science
A. isolation from the rest of the world
B. improvements on school system
C. association with “femaleness”
D. trouble in recruiting young talent
25. According to the author, what a scientist does _______.
A. should be attributed to his individual genius
B. depends on the coordination of the society
C. shows his independent power
D. is unpredictable
PART III WRITING (30 Points)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities.
Write an essay of about 400 words, expressing your views on the topic above. In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar, diction and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.