新编大学英语3答案

Unit 4 Career Planning

(P158)

Post Reading

3 Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction (Para.1)

Career planning does not necessarily follow routine or logical steps.

2) Students’ weaknesses in career planning (Para. 2)

i) Most students choose from a very narrow group of occupations.

ii) 40 to 60 percent of the students choose professional occupations, but only 15 to 18 percent of the work force is engaged in professional work.

iii) Young men lack interest in fields that offer many job opportunities.

iv) A third of the students are unable to express any choice of occupation.

3) Serious flaws in the ways many people make decisions (Para. 3~5)

i) complacency – ignoring challenging information

ii) defensive avoidance – resorting to wishful thinking or daydreaming

iii) hypervigilance – searching frantically for career possibilities and seizing on hastily invented solutions

4) Keys to career planning (Para. 6~11)

i) Study yourself.

ii) Write your career goals down.

iii) Review your plans and your progress periodically with another person.

iv) If you choose a career that does not fit you, you can start over.

5) Changes in careers (Para. 11~13)

i) Few changes involve downward movement; most involve getting ahead. ii) Job changes and career shifts occur at all ages.

6) Conclusion (Para. 14~15)

Although there is no sure way to make career plans work out, there are things that you can do now to shape your career possibilities.

2. Understanding Specific Information

1) T 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) T 10) F

11) T 12) F

3. （略）

Vocabulary Practice

1. 1) acceptable 2) efficiency 3) implications 4) instability 5) rationalize

6) evaluation 7) unforeseeable 8) invention 9) hastily 10) probability

11) professional 12) challenging 13) defensive 14) personality

2. 1) in case 2) Every so often 3) resort to 4) talk over 5) start over

6) in reality 7) at stake 8) seized on 9) leading to 10) take stock of

3. 1) programs 2) way 3) technical 4) both 5) provided 6) who

7) such 8) needed 9) opportunities 10) when 11) to 12) Completion 13) holding 14) early 15) hire 16) promote 17) up 18) educating

Translation

1. 几年前他心脏动了一次大手术。(undergo)

He underwent major heart surgery several years ago.

2．我们估计完成这项工作要花一个星期。(estimate)

We estimated that it would take a week to finish the work.

3．许多妇女发现从事一种职业同时又要孩子是很困难的事。(pursue)

Many women find it difficult to combine pursuing a career and having a child / children.

4．你可以爱一个人而不一定要跟他/她结婚。(necessarily)

You may love someone without necessarily wanting to marry him/ her.

5．她不接电话时我只好站在她窗外叫她。(resort to)

When she didn’t answer the telephone, I resorted to standing outside her window and calling up to her.

6．可能下雨——你最好带把伞，以防万一。(in case)

It may rain --- you’d better take an umbrella (just) in case.

7．英国要求召开最高级会议(summit)来审视世界秩序中发生的根本变化。(take stock of)

Britain has requested a summit to take stock of the fundamental changes in the world order.

8．她非常虔诚，因此对死并不惧怕。(hold)

She is very religious, so death holds no fear for her.

Part Four Writing and Translation

(P 195)

2. Translation Practice

From Chinese into English

A. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he here, in this city?

Applicant: No, he is in another city.

Interviewer: Sorry, will not employ you.

Applicant: Why not?

Interviewer: You would not be keeping your mind on your work. What’s more, we do not want to see our telephone bill increase enormously because of you.

B. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: No.

Interviewer: Have you ever dated a girl?

Applicant: Yes, but she didn’t want to date me.

Interviewer: Do you want to date girls after you have a job?

Applicant: I will set my mind on work first. I will not consider my marriage now.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.

Applicant: Why not?

Interviewer: You are lacking in the ability of dealing with interpersonal relationships. Also, you lack self-confidence.

C. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she pretty?

Applicant: Not quite.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you.

Applicant: Can it be that a plain girlfriend will affect your company’s image?

Interviewer: It’s not that. But our company engages in works of art. Your aesthetic judgment does not satisfy our company’s need.

D. Interviewer: Do you have a girlfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she pretty?

Applicant: Very.

Interviewer: Is she your first love?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you lack the initiative in pursuing the better unceasingly.

E. Interviewer: Is she pretty?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is she your first love?

Applicant: No, I had a couple of girlfriends before.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because you would soon

job-hop.

F. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he very rich?

Applicant: No.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because your job is to work with money. I am afraid you cannot resist the temptation.

G. Interviewer: Do you have a boyfriend?

Applicant: Yes.

Interviewer: Is he very rich?

Applicant: Yes, he has his own company.

Interviewer: Sorry, we will not employ you, because even your boyfriend’s company doesn’t employ you.

Applicant: But that’s because his company doesn’t have a position suitable for me.

Interviewer: What’s your major then?

Applicant: Secretary.

Interviewer: Sorry, we still cannot employ you. Pretty girls will affect our company’s work.

Applicant: But I am not pretty.

Interviewer: That’s even worse. If you are not pretty, our manager will not be interested in you.

Unit 5 Language

(P212)

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Text

1) Introduction: the most important day in her life. (Para.1)

2) Her feelings before her teacher arrived/her education began. (Para. 2-3)

3) The first encounter with the teacher. (Para. 4)

4) How she discovered words. (Para. 5-9)

A. Her initial success in learning (Para. 5): She learned the spelling of a few words.

B. The difficulties encountered in learning the meaning of words and her reaction. (Para. 6)

C. Her new sight that everything had a name and each gave birth to a new thought. (Para. 7-8)

D. Her feelings and her outlook on life before she fell asleep that night after her trip to the well-house. (Para. 9)

2. Understanding the details

1) I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the two lives which it connects. (ll. 2-3)

A. What do the two lives refer to?

The two lives she led before and after the teacher came.

B. What does it refer to?

The day when her teacher came to her.

C. What is the immeasurable contrast?

Before the teacher came, she lived in a still, dark world in which there was no strong sentiment or tenderness. From that day on, she began to learn language and gain a new insight into life.

2) On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. (ll.5)

Why did Helen consider March 3, 1887 an eventful day?

Because the day marked a turning point in her life. On that day, the teacher came to her to reveal all things to her, including love.

3) …when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line…(ll.17-21)

A. White and dark are opposite in meaning. Then what does white darkness mean?

It refers to a feeling of being lost, like a ship at sea almost incapable of finding her way in a white fog without sunshine. Helen Keller compares herself to a ship lost in thick fog, and is unable to find her way. Like the ship with her plummet and sounding-line, she is reaching out and crying wordlessly for light in the dark unknown world.

B. What does her refer to?

The ship.

4) I was like that ship before my education began…(ll.22-23)

How did Helen feel before her education began?

She felt tense and anxious, waiting for something to happen with a beating heart.

5) … and tried to make me understand that “d-o-l-l” applied to both. (ll.44-45)

What does both refer to?

Both the new doll and the big rag doll.

6) Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that “m-u-g” is mug and that “w-a-t-e-r” is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. (ll.46-47)

What does the two refer to?

The words and the real objects.

7) … and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. (ll .63-64) What is the mystery of language ? Words are the names of things./Everything has a name.

8) That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! (ll .65-66)

What does that living word mean?

It suddenly dawned on Helen that the word “water ” referred to the wonderful cool thing flowing over her hand and the word itself became alive.

9) …word that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron ’s rod, with flowers ”. (ll .76-77)

Why did Helen compare the world to “Aaron ’s rod ”?

Because the world experienced a great change in Helen ’s mind after she discovered the mystery of words, just as Aaron ’s rod, which had been a piece of dead wood, burst into flowers with God ’s love.

3. “How I Discovered Words ” When … Helen Keller ’s

Feelings

she stood on the porch, waiting for the teacher to come

dumb, expectant Miss Sullivan spelled “doll ” in her hand interested

she finally succeeded in making the letters for doll pleasant and proud the teacher tried time and again to teach her the connection between words and things

impatient

she felt the fragments of the broken doll at her feet keenly delighted she knew she was going out into the warm sunshine pleasant/happy she finally discovered the mystery of language in the well-house excited, eager to learn

she tried vainly to put the broken doll together repentant and sad

she lay in her crib at the close of the day joyful and hopeful

Sample:

On the afternoon of the 3rd of March, 1887, before the teacher came, Helen Keller felt dumb and expectant, hoping for something that would open up her world. The first thing her teacher gave her was a doll and then she spelled the “d-o-l-l” in Helen” hand. When Helen Keller finally succeeded in making the letters for doll, she felt pleasant and proud. But when her teacher tried to help her make the connection between words and objects, she became impatient. Helen Keller expressed her dislike by dashing the doll on the floor. At that point, she felt keenly delighted. When she realized that her teacher was taking her out into the sunshine, Helen Keller was very happy. In the wellhouse, she discovered that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the wonderful cool something that was running through her fingers. The mystery of language was finally revealed to her. And she became excited and was eager to learn. When she returned to the house and tried vainly to put the broken doll back together, she felt sad and repentant. At the close of the day, when she was lying in her crib, she felt joyful and hopeful.

4. Group Discussion

Sample:

Helen Ordinary People

Learn by touching, feeling Learn by imitating the shape Start by spelling

……Learn by seeing , hearing Learn by imitating the sound Start by speaking aloud

……

Vocabulary Practice

1．Section A 1) A 2) B 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) C 9) A 10) A

Section B

1) The soldiers ______ the attack after stopping for a little while. renewed

2) The rules of safe driving ________ to everyone. apply

3) It’s no use being sorry if you ________ in doing it. persist

4) The cold winter was ________ by a stormy spring. succeeded

5) I can’t just _________ everything to receive casual visitors. drop

6) The details of the policy have not been ___________ yet. revealed

7) The sight of the Great Wall filled me with _________. wonder

8) It was on Sunday that Davis felt his loneliness most ____________. keenly

9) He hunted ________ through his pockets for a piece of paper. vainly

10) Father ________ on me the value of hard work. impressed

2.

1) It is known to all that children, unlike adults, apply rules ________. (conscious) unconsciously

2) The ________ crowd in the streets waited for the queen to pass. (expect) expectant

3) The birthday party and the movie have made this a(n) ________ night. (event) eventful

4) China is a market of ____________ potential. (measure) immeasurable

5) Children learn by ________. (imitate) imitation/imitating

6) Language is something living and __________ changing. (continue) continually

7) She treated the poor girl with ____________. (tender) tenderness

8) She was getting very ____________ at having to wait so long. (patient) impatient

Translation

1. Seeing all the people walking to and fro outside the office, I became more worried.

2. He will see who is his true friend in time.

3. That scientist’s experiment gave birth to a new drug.

4. He had been shut In by illness for much of the winter.

5. They would practice speaking English at the first opportunity.

6. Everything she valued/treasured might be swept away overnight

7. All the students are busy preparing for the finals towards the close of the term.

8. They longed for green trees and open spaces..

Part Four Writing and Translation

(P 239)

2. Translation Practice

From English into Chinese

1) 他钦佩布朗太太，这使我感到很惊奇。

2) 暴风雨持续了一整天；就在这段时间里船破裂了。

3) 虽然那个学生在做实验前已仔细阅读过实验说明，但由于他生搬硬套。未能得到满意的结果。

4) 我知道萨拉会将那个好消息告诉她姐姐的，而她姐姐又很可能将它告诉她的同学。

5) 史密斯先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来和我们一起工作。

6) 邮递员早晨6点30分来。这个时候我通常还在睡大觉呢。

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Unit 1 Personality 羞怯的痛苦 对许多人来说，羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。羞怯的人会焦虑不安，感到不自然；也就是说，他们过分地关注自己的外表和举止。脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法：我给人留下的是什么印象？他们喜欢我吗？我讲话是不是傻里傻气？我长得难看。我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。很显然这种不安的感觉会对人产生不利的影响。一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中，而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。通常，人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。例如，具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。而由于自信，他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励，也能使自己感觉良好。自信者热情、自发地投入生活。他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害；他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。相反，他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。相比之下，羞怯的人自尊心较弱，往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。他们（是否）在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。害羞的人对批评非常敏感；他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴，因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞：“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。我知道这不是真的。”显然，尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质，过分的自我意识却是不利和有害的。能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢？幸运的是，人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的，因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。例如，大多数人希望每门功课都得A。如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难，就把自己列为差生，这不恰如其分。人们对自己的期望必须现实。老是想那些不可能的事情会令自己觉得无能，甚至产生嫉妒。当我们嫉妒比自己成绩好的学生时，我们正在自我否定。如果你害羞，这里有些具体有效的步骤帮助你树立信心并克服羞怯感：１．认清自己的优缺点。每个人既有优点又有缺点。随着对自我的不断认同，羞怯感就会自然减弱。２．确定合理的目标。例如，在聚会时和一群陌生人在一起，你也许会怯场。不要以为你必须和每个人交谈。集中精力，仅和一两个人交谈，你会感到更自在些。３．内疚和羞耻感是消极的情感。不要把时间和精力浪费在这上头。假设你伤害了某人的感情，（光）感到羞愧是无济于事的。相反，应该承认你犯了个错误，并决心在将来更加善解人意。４．所有问题都有许多种解决办法。很少有完全正确或完全错误的意见。要敢于公开表达自己的观点。５．不要对自己做消极的评论。这是一种自我否定。千万别把自己描述为愚蠢的、丑陋的，或者一个失败者。注重自己积极的方面。６．接受批评时要缜密思考。不要把批评理解为人身攻击。例如，如果一位朋友抱怨你的烹饪技术，要把这当成对你的烹饪技术而不是对你本人的评价而接受下来。放心，你们还是好朋友，但你的烹饪技术也许确实有待改进。７．记住，每个人都会经历一些失败和挫折。要把它们作为增长见识的经历，从中受益。挫折往往会成为转机，随之而来的将是一段美妙绝伦的经历。例如，你可能被你所中意的大学拒之门外。然而，在你就读的大学里，你可能发现这里教育的某一特点比你料想的好得多。８．有些人会使你感到自己无能，不要和这种人交往。去设法改变他们对你的态度或者改变你对自己的态度，要不就脱离这种关系。伤害你的人并不关心你的最大利益。９．留出时间休息，享受自己的业余爱好，并且定期地重新审定自己的目标。为此所花费的时间有助于更好地了解你自己。１０．多在社交场合中锻炼。不要把自己同他人隔离开来。设法一次结识一位朋友；最终你将能够娴熟而自信地在众人中周旋。我们每个人都是独一无二、难能可贵的个体。我们自有吸引人的地方。我们对自己了解得越多，就越容易充分发挥自己的潜力。不要让羞怯成为阻碍我们拥有丰富和成功生活的绊脚石。 Unit3 Social Problems

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Unit(1) 1.The doctor’s discovery will have a ( profound深度的;知识渊博的) influence on mankind. 2.She was overwhelmed with ( jealousy妒忌) when she heard that he had been given a promotion. 3.I went to the beach ( numerous 很多的) times last summer. 4.You are ( overweight 超重的) and so you should eat less. 5.When you learn a second language you have many difficulties to ( overcome战胜;克服). 6.If you keep practicing ,you might ( eventually最后,终于) become a good dancer. 7.Exercising is one of the ways of keeping ( slim苗条的). 8.She asked us all what we thought of her new hairstyle ,but she was only looking for ( compliments赞美;恭维). 9.The amount of water in the pond will ( diminish减少;减弱) as the dry season continues. 10.Mary’s comforting words provided the ( reassurance恢复自信) I needed . 11.They are worried that their decision might prove to be ( detrimental影响) to the future of the company. 12.When a person has an infectious disease ,he is usually ( isolated孤独;隔绝的) from other people. 13.This type of unsympathetic无同情心的approach can destroy a child’s confidence and ( self-esteem自尊;自负) . 14.Throughout his speech ,he（accented口音;强调) the seriousness of the situation. Unit(3) 1.We are ( constantly不间断的) reminded of his success. 2.The change in leadership will have a huge ( impact影响;作用) on government policy. 3.The financial ( burden重负) will be more evenly shared. 4.( Candidly坦率地;自然的) ,David, I think you’re being unreasonable. 5.Seeing my work completed successfully gives me a strong sense of ( fulfillment完成;履行;实现). 6.The company had 143 ( salaried领薪水的) staff, most of whom it could no longer afford to keep. 7.She expressed ( resentment埋怨;不满) at being interviewed by a social worker. 8.He’s been running the company with the ( assistance帮助) of his son. 9.She needs to ( perfect完美的) her Arabic before going to work in Cairo. 10.Harry could scarcely ( suppress禁止,隐瞒) a smile. Unit(4) 1.I have got the Key ( in case也许;免得) we want to go inside. 2.( Every so often有时;偶尔),she spends a weekend in London. 3.His punishing累人的work schedule had made him ( resort to诉诸于;采取) drugs. 4.Let's（talk over说服；讨论；商量）the problem with our teacher. 5.Maybe we can forget what has happened and （start over重新开始）. 6.They were claiming record profits when, （in reality事实上）,the company was close to bankruptcy. 7.If we lose the contract, hundreds of jobs are （at stake危险）. 8.He（seized on抓住）the suggestions as a way of getting out of his financial difficulties. 9.The bank has offered a reward for any information ( leading to领到) the arrest of the man. 10.After two years spent teaching abroad ,she returned home for a month to （take stock of估计；观察）her life. Unit 5 1.The soldiers（renewed更新的；重建的）the attack after stopping for a little while. 2.The rules of safe driving ( apply运用；申请) to everyone. 3.It's no use being sorry if you （persist坚持）in doing it. 4.The cold winter was （succeeded）by a stormy spring. 5.I can't just （drop使落下；放弃）everything to receive casual visitors. 6.The details of the policy have not been（revealed显示；透露）yet. 7.The sight of the Great Wall filled the visitors with （wonder对……感到疑惑）.