【国际经济学专题考试试卷十五】Monopoly

Chapter 15

Monopoly

TRUE/FALSE

1. Monopolists can achieve any level of profit they desire because they have unlimited market power.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-0 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

2. Even with market power, monopolists cannot achieve any level of profit they desire because they will sell

lower quantities at higher prices.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-0 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

3. One characteristic of a monopoly market is that the product is virtually identical to products produced by

competing firms.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Definitional

4. The fundamental cause of monopolies is barriers to entry.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

5. The De Beers Diamond company advertises heavily to promote the sale of all diamonds, not just its own. This

is evidence that it has a monopoly position to some degree.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

6. The De Beers Diamond company is not worried about differentiating its product from all other gemstones. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

7. The amount of power that a monopoly has depends on whether there are close substitutes for its product. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

8. If the ABC company owns the exclusive rights to mine land in Afghanistan for Lapis Lazuli, a rare stone used

in jewelry which is found only in Afghanistan, the company benefits from a barrier to entry.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Applicative

9. Copyrights and patents are examples of barriers to entry that afford firms monopoly pricing powers.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Patents MSC: Interpretive

10. If the government deems a newly invented drug to be truly original, the pharmaceutical company is given the

exclusive right to manufacture and sell the drug for 50 years.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Patents MSC: Interpretive

11. A natural monopoly has economies of scale for most if not all of its range of output.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Natural monopoly MSC: Applicative

12. Declining average total cost with increased production is one of the defining characteristics of a natural

monopoly.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Natural monopoly MSC: Definitional

1002

Chapter 15/Monopoly 1003 13. A monopolist maximizes profit by producing an output level where marginal cost equals price.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive

14. A monopolist produces an output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charges a price

where marginal cost equals average total cost.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Applicative

15. Average revenue for a monopoly is the total revenue divided by the quantity produced.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Average revenue MSC: Definitional

16. For a monopoly, marginal revenue is often greater than the price they charge for their good.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Marginal revenue MSC: Interpretive

17. Like competitive firms, monopolies choose to produce a quantity in which marginal revenue equals marginal

cost.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive

18. Like competitive firms, monopolies charge a price equal to marginal cost.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive

19. A monopolist produces where P > MC = MR.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive

20. A monopolist produces where P = MC = MR.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive

21. A monopolist does not have a supply curve beca use the firm?s decision about how much to supply is

impossible to separate from the demand curve it faces.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Supply curve MSC: Interpretive

22. A monopolist?s supply curve is vertical.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Supply curve MSC: Applicative

23. A monopolist?s supply curve is horizontal.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Supply curve MSC: Applicative

24. During the life of a drug patent, the monopoly pharmaceutical firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity

at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Interpretive

25. The socially efficient quantity is found where the demand curve intersects the marginal cost curve.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Interpretive

26. The deadweight loss for a monopolist equals one-half of its profits for any given level of output.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Interpretive

1004 Chapter 15/Monopoly

27. A monopoly creates a deadweight loss to society because it earns both short-run and long-run positive

economic profits.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Interpretive

28. A monopoly creates a deadweight loss to society because it produces less output than the socially efficient

level.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Interpretive

29. Suppose a profit-maximizing monopolist faces a constant marginal cost of $10, produces an output level of

100 units, and charges a price of $50. The socially efficient level of output is 200 units. Assume that the demand curve and marginal revenue curve are the typical downward-sloping straight lines. The monopoly deadweight loss equals $4,000.

ANS: F DIF: 3 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Analytical

30. Suppose a profit-maximizing monopolist faces a constant marginal cost of $10, produces an output level of

100 units, and charges a price of $50. The socially efficient level of output is 200 units. Assume that the demand curve and marginal revenue curve are the typical downward-sloping straight lines. The monopoly deadweight loss equals $2,000.

ANS: T DIF: 3 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Analytical

31. Suppose a profit-maximizing monopolist faces a constant marginal cost of $20, produces an output level of

100 units, and charges a price of $50. The socially efficient level of output is 200 units. Assume that the demand curve and marginal revenue curve are the typical downward-sloping straight lines. The monopoly deadweight loss equals $1,500.

ANS: T DIF: 3 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Analytical

32. In order for a firm to maximize profits through price discrimination, the firm must have some market power

and be able to prevent arbitrage.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

33. Price discrimination is prohibited by antitrust laws.

ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

34. A monopolist earns higher profits by charging one price than by practicing price discrimination.

ANS: F DIF: 3 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

35. A monopolist that can practice perfect price discrimination will not impose a deadweight loss on society. ANS: T DIF: 3 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Perfect price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

36. By selling hardcover books to die-hard fans and paperback books to less enthusiastic readers, the publisher is

able to price discriminate and raise its profits.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

37. Movie theatres charge different prices to different groups of people based on the differing marginal costs that

exist from group to group.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 15/Monopoly 1005 38. Airlines often separate their customers into business travelers and personal travelers by giving a discount to

those travelers who stay over a Saturday night.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

39. University financial aid can be viewed as a type of price discrimination.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

40. By offering lower prices to customers who buy a large quantity, a monopoly is price discriminating.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Interpretive

41. Goods that do not have close substitutes have downward-sloping demand curves.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Demand curve MSC: Interpretive

42. If the government regulates the price a natural monopolist can charge to be equal to the firm?s average total

cost, the firm has no incentive to reduce costs.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Regulation MSC: Interpretive

43. If the government regulates the price a natural monopolist can charge to be equal to the firm?s marginal cost,

the government will likely need to subsidize the firm.

ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Regulation MSC: Interpretive

44. Antitrust laws give the Justice Department the authority to challenge potential mergers between companies in

an effort to safeguard society from monopoly power.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Antitrust MSC: Interpretive

45. Some companies merge in order to lower costs through efficient joint production.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Antitrust MSC: Interpretive

46. A common solution to monopoly in European countries is public ownership.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

47. The proper level of government intervention is unclear when dealing with a monopoly.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Regulation MSC: Interpretive

48. The government may choose to do nothing to reduce monopoly inefficiency because the “fix” may be worse

than the problem.

ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Do nothing MSC: Interpretive

49. Government intervention always reduces monopoly deadweight loss.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-5 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Do nothing MSC: Interpretive

50. Firms with substantial monopoly power are quite common because many goods are truly unique.

ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 15-6 NAT: Analytic

LOC: Monopoly TOP: Monopoly MSC: Interpretive

1006 Chapter 15/Monopoly

SHORT ANSWER

1. Describe how government is involved in creating a monopoly. Why might the government create one? Give an

example.

ANS:

The government can create a monopoly by giving a single firm the exclusive right to produce some good. Monopolies are created for many reasons. When an industry is characterized by high fixed costs, a single firm can usually supply the entire market at a lower cost than having multiple firms in the industry. Examples include most utility companies. The government also grants sole ownership of inventions through patent laws in order to help eliminate the market failure that is likely to otherwise occur in the markets for those goods. Patents encourage creativity and research and development.

DIF: 2 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Patents | Regulation MSC: Applicative

2. What is the defining characteristic of a natural monopoly? Give an example of a natural monopoly.

ANS:

The defining characteristic of a natural monopoly is when a firm can supply a good or service to an entire market at a lower cost than could two or more firms. The example in the text is a bridge.

DIF: 2 REF: 15-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Natural monopoly MSC: Definitional

3. In the market for "home heating" consumers typically have several options (e.g., electricity, heating fuel,

natural gas, propane, etc.), yet we often think of firms in this industry as behaving like monopolists. Discuss the context in which your electricity provider is a monopolist. Is this characterization universally applicable?

Explain your answer.

ANS:

In this case, the firms are monopolists in the short run when consumers are unable to change their "home heating" systems. In the long run, consumers can change from electric appliances to natural gas appliances and thus lessen the monopoly power of utility providers. As long as consumers are able to substitute, in the long run the monopoly pricing power is reduced.

DIF: 3 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Monopoly MSC: Analytical

4. There has been much discussion of deregulating electricity and natural gas delivery companies in the United

States. Discuss the likely effect of deregulation on prices in these two industries.

ANS:

If deregulation leads to increased competition, then production and prices should move toward the competitive equilibrium. If deregulation does not lead to increased competition, then the monopoly production and price outcome is likely. The success of deregulation movements hinges on their ability to use markets to promote competitive market outcomes. If the industry is characterized by economies of scale, deregulation may worsen rather than improve the market as costs and prices could rise if more than one firm supplies output to the market. DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Regulation MSC: Analytical

5. Explain how a profit-maximizing monopolist chooses its level of output and the price of its goods.

ANS:

A profit-maximizing monopolist produces the output level where marginal revenue equals marginal cost and charges the corresponding price from the market demand curve. Note that a monopolist charges a price that exceeds marginal cost, unlike a competitive firm, for which price equals marginal cost.

DIF: 2 REF: 15-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Profit maximization MSC: Analytical

Chapter 15/Monopoly 1007 6. Graphically depict the deadweight loss caused by a monopoly. How is this similar to the deadweight loss from

taxation?

ANS:

A profit-maximizing monopolist will choose to produce Q0 units of output and sell at price P0. However, marginal cost is MC0. This is identical to the deadweight loss of taxation when the tax forces a wedge between market price and marginal cost.

DIF: 2 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Analytical

7. What is the deadweight loss due to profit-maximizing monopoly pricing under the following conditions: The

price charged for goods produced is $10. The intersection of the marginal revenue and marginal cost curves occurs where output is 100 units and marginal revenue is $5. The socially efficient level of production is 110 units. The demand curve is linear and downward sloping, and the marginal cost curve is constant.

ANS:

1/2*(110-100)*($10-$5) = $25

DIF: 3 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Deadweight loss MSC: Applicative

8. Assume that a monopolist decides to maximize revenue rather than profit. How does this operating objective

change the size of the deadweight loss? If you are a "benevolent" manager of a monopoly firm and are

interested in reducing the deadweight loss of monopoly, should you maximize profits or maximize revenue?

Explain your answer.

ANS:

A revenue maximizer operates where MR = 0. This solution moves the monopolist closer to the socially optimal competitive outcome and reduces deadweight loss. Revenue maximization is potentially a more "socially" optimal objective for monopoly markets than profit maximization.

DIF: 3 REF: 15-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Total revenue MSC: Analytical

9. One example of price discrimination occurs in the publishing industry when a publisher initially releases an

expensive hardcover edition of a popular novel and later releases a cheaper paperback edition. Use this

example to demonstrate the benefits and potential pitfalls of a price discrimination pricing strategy.

ANS:

The answer should address the three basic lessons of price discrimination. First, price discrimination is a rational strategy that can lead to higher monopoly profits. Second, price discrimination requires an ability to separate customers according to their willingness to pay. Third, price discrimination can raise economic welfare.

DIF: 2 REF: 15-4 NAT: Analytic LOC: Monopoly

TOP: Price discrimination MSC: Analytical

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International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 14 Money, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates 14.1 Money Defined: A Brief Review 1) The exchange rate between currencies depends on A) the interest rate that can be earned on deposits of those currencies. B) the interest rate that can be earned on deposits of those currencies and the expected future exchange rate. C) the expected future exchange rate. D) national output. E) None of the above. Answer: B Question Status: Previous Edition 2) Money serves as A) a medium of exchange. B) a unit of account. C) a store of value. D) All of the above. E) Only A and B. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 3) Money includes A) currency. B) checking deposits held by households and firms. C) deposits in the foreign exchange markets. D) Both A and B. E) A, B, and C. Answer: D Question Status: Previous Edition 4) In the United States at the end of 2006, the total money supply, M1, amounted to approximately A) 10 percent of that year's GNP. B) 20 percent of that year's GNP. C) 30 percent of that year's GNP. D) 40 percent of that year's GNP. E) 50 percent of that year's GNP. Answer: A Question Status: Previous Edition 5) What are the main functions of money? Answer: Money serves in general three important functions: a medium of exchange; a unit of account; and a store of value. As a medium of exchange, money avoids going back to a barter economy, with the enormous search costs connected with it. As a unit of account, the use of money economizes on the number of prices an individual faces. Consider an economy with N goods, then one needs only (N - 1) prices. As a store of value, the use of money in general ensures that you can transfer wealth between periods. Question Status: Previous Edition

【国际经济学专题考试试卷十】Externalities

Chapter 10 Externalities TRUE/FALSE 1. Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Market failure MSC: Interpretive 2. When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 3. Buyers and sellers neglect the external effects of their actions when deciding how much to demand or supply. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 4. In a market characterized by externalities, the market equilibrium fails to maximize the total benefit to society as a whole. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 5. In a market with positive externalities, the market equilibrium quantity maximizes the welfare of society as a whole. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 6. Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form of market exchange. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative 7. The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystanders adversely affected by the pollution. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional 8. Organizers of an outdoor concert in a park surrounded by residential neighborhoods are likely to consider the noise and traffic cost to residential neighborhoods when they assess the financial viability of the concert venture. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Applicative 9. When a driver enters a crowded highway he increases the travel times of all other drivers on the highway. This is an example of a negative externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive 10. When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical 663

国际经济学试题期末考试

1、一价定律 2、购买力平价 3、国际收支 4、产品生命周期 5、绝对优势原理

考试试卷 考试课程：国际经济学行政班： 学生姓名： 二、判断题（正确的标“T”，错误的标“F”，并将答案填入对应的方格中。共 1、当用直接标价法表示外汇汇价时，数值越大，意味着本币价值越高。（） 2、要素价格均等化会使两国生产同一产品的要素密集度均等化。（） 3、重商主义者认为每个国家应该努力实现出口等于进口的平衡贸易。（） 4、斯密的绝对优势理论指出在贸易中两个国家均能通过出口其比另一国劳动生产率更高的产品获益。（） 5、无差异曲线表示能够给单个消费者或者国家提供相同价值或满意感的商品的不同组合（如小麦和汽车）。（） 6、产品生命周期理论认为，若任何国家首先成功推广了一种新产品，则这种新产品将在该国经历整个生命周期。（） 7、关税的保护效应是指国内生产商获得的利润增加额。（） 8、政府出口补贴提高了出口数量，但同时也降低了出口价格，增加了国内税收负担。（） 9、最惠国条款给予某些国家同盟国才能享受到的最优关税待遇。（） 10、美国向别国进口小麦应该记入美国国际收支的资本账户。（） 三、简答题（共5题，每题8分，共40分） 1、简述进口配额和等效的进口关税存在的差别。

考试试卷 考试课程：国际经济学行政班： 学生姓名： 2、简述要素禀赋论和比较优势说的主要内容，并说明二者的主要区别。 3、简述区域经济一体化的静态效应。 4、作图说明大国征收进口关税的经济效应。

考试试卷 考试课程：国际经济学行政班： 学生姓名： 5、简述国际收支失衡的主要原因。 四、计算题（1题，共10分） 假定对成品车征收40％的从价税，无关税时进口零部件成本为成品车价格的30％，请计算对进口零部件分别征收40％、20％、60％的从价税时的有效关税保护率，并对结果进行说明。 五、论述题（1题，共20分） 当前，国际间新贸易保护主义抬头，各种各样的非关税壁垒成为了各国进行贸易保护的主要手段。请简述非关税壁垒的定义及其主要种类，并针对我国现实情况，以一种壁垒为例，说明我国应当如何应对发达国家的非关税壁垒。

国际经济学练习题

绪论 一、单项选择题 1．国际经济学产生与发展的客观基础是（） A．国际经济活动范围不断扩大B．国际经济关系日益复杂 C．跨越国界的经济活动不断增长D．国与国之间经济联系密切 2．国际经济学的研究对象（） A．国际经济活动B．国际经济关系 C．世界范围内的资源配置D．国际经济活动与国际经济关系 3．国际经济学产生的时间（） A．20世纪60年代 B．20世纪50年代 C．20世纪40年代 D．20世纪70年代 二、判断改错题 1．国际经济学产生与发展的理论基础是国际贸易理论。（） 2．国际经济学是西方经济学的重要组成部分。（） 3．国际经济学的微观部分主要讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。（） 4．国际金融理论与政策是站在单个国家角度来研究金融问题的。（） 绪论 一、单项选择题 1．C 2．D 3．A 二、判断改错题 1．×。将“国际贸易理论”改为“国际贸易理论与国际金融理论”。 2．×。国际经济学是从西方经济学中独立出来的一门系统科学。 3．√。 4．×。国际金融理论与政策是独立于个别国家之外来研究所有国家参与国际金融市场的问题。 第二章古典国际贸易理论 一、单项选择题 1．主张对外贸易顺差，并将金银视为财富的唯一形式的理论是（）A．比较优势理论B．贸易差额理论C．要素禀赋理论D．相互需求理论2．贸易差额论的政策主张中对发展中国家制定贸易政策有借鉴意义的是（）A．发展本国工业B．发展本国航运业C．追求贸易顺差 D．对外贸易垄断3．最早对重商主义提出质疑的英国学者是（） A．约翰·穆勒 B．亚当·斯密C．大卫·李嘉图D．大卫·休谟

4．甲国使用同样数量资源比乙国能生产更多的X，则乙国在X生产上具有（）A．绝对优势B．比较劣势C．绝对劣势D．比较优势 5．甲国生产单位布和小麦分别需要6天和9天，乙国为10天和12天，根据比较优势理论（） A．乙国进口小麦B．甲国出口布C．乙国出口布D．甲国出口小麦6．比较优势理论的提出者是（） A．约翰·穆勒B．大卫·李嘉图C．亚当·斯密 D．李斯特 7．被称为西方国际贸易理论基石的是（） A．贸易差额理论B．绝对优势理论C．比较优势理论 D．相互需求理论8．比较优势理论认为国际贸易产生的主要原因是（） A．劳动生产率的相对差异B．技术水平差异 C．需求强度差异D．商品价格差异9．律师打字速度是打字员的两倍却雇佣打字员打字，以下表述错误的是（）A．律师在打字上具有绝对优势B．律师在律师咨询上具有比较优势 C．打字员在打字上具有比较优势D．打字员在打字上具有绝对优势 10．按照比较优势理论，大量贸易应发生在（） A．发达国家之间 B．发展中国家之间 C．发达国家与发展中国家之间D．需求相似国家之间 二、判断改错题 1．贸易差额论虽然产生时间很早，但并不是严格意义上的国际贸易理论。（）2．贸易差额理论的奖出限入政策是针对所有产品而言的。（） 3．贸易差额理论是第一个自由贸易理论。（） 4．绝对优势理论分析的是国际贸易实践中的一个特例。（） 5．具有绝对优势的产品不一定具有比较优势。（） 6．根据绝对优势理论，一国两种产品都处于绝对劣势时仍可以参与互利贸易。（）7．比较优势理论认为从理论上说所有国家都可以参与互利贸易。（） 8．根据比较优势理论，只有当一国生产率达到足够高时，它才能从自由贸易中获益。 （） 9．如果贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，贸易后国际市场价格更接近于小国封闭条件下的国内市场价格。（） 三、名词解释 1．绝对优势2．比较优势 四、简答题 1．简述绝对优势理论主要内容。 2．简述比较优势理论主要内容。

国际经济学考试试题

国际经济学考试试题标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]

郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期 课程考试试卷（ A ）卷 课程名称：国际经济学考试形式：闭卷 考核对象（专业或班级）：贸易经济、经济学、国际经济与贸易、金融 学、保险学 学号：姓名： 说明：所有答案请答在规定的答题纸或答题卡上，答在本试卷册上的无效。 一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说 5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论

【国际经济学专题考试试卷十九】Earnings and Discrimination

Chapter 19 Earnings and Discrimination TRUE/FALSE 1. A compensating differential refers to a difference in wages that arises from nonmonetary characteristics. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional 2. A compensating differential is a difference in wages due to higher levels of education or other forms of human capital. ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional 3. The fact that doctors are paid more than economics professors is an example of a compensating differential. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Compensating differentials MSC: Definitional 4. A computer is an example of productivity-enhancing human capital. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital MSC: Definitional 5. Higher levels of human capital are correlated with higher earnings because firms are willing to pay more for better-educated workers who have higher marginal productivities. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Human capital MSC: Interpretive 6. As a result of an increase in the earnings gap between skilled and unskilled jobs, the incentive to get a college education has been declining. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 7. The rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers is most likely related to a larger increase in demand for unskilled occupations relative to skilled occupations. ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 8. One hypothesis to explain the rising gap in wages between unskilled and skilled workers in the United States is that international trade has altered the relative demands for skilled and unskilled workers. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 9. The statement that "the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer" is supported by evidence of an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 10. Some economists suggest that international trade has led to an expanding wage gap between high-skill and low-skill workers in the United States. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 19-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Labor markets TOP: Increasing value of skills MSC: Interpretive 1287

《国际经济学》期末试卷5套

《国际经济学》模拟试题及参考答案（一） 一、名词解释（每小题 5 分，共20 分） 1.要素禀赋：亦即要素的丰裕程度，是指在不同国家之间，由于要素的稀缺程度不同所导致的可利用生产要素价格相对低廉的状况。赫克歇尔-俄林定理认为，要素禀赋构成一个国家比较优势的基础。 2.倾销：指出口商以低于正常价值的价格向进口国销售产品，并因此给进口国产业造成损害的行为。 3.黄金输送点：黄金输送点包括黄金输入点和黄金输出点，是黄金输入、输出的价格上限和下限，它限制着一个国家货币对外汇率的波动幅度。 4.三元悖论：也称为三元冲突理论，即在开放经济条件下，货币政策的独立性、汇率的稳定性和资本的自由流动三个目标不可能同时实现，各国只能选择其中对自己有利的两个目标。 二、单项选择题 2.根据相互需求原理，两国均衡的交换比例取决于（C） A 两国的绝对优势 B 两国的比较优势 C 两国的相对需求强度 D 两国的要素禀赋 3.在当今的国际贸易格局中，产业内贸易更容易发生于（B） A 发展中国家与发达国家 B 发达国家与发达国家 C 发展中国家与发展中国家 D 发展中国家和最不发达国家 4.课征关税会增加生产者剩余，减少消费者剩余，社会总福利的变化将（B） A 上升 B 降低 C 不变 D 不确定 5.以下选项中，哪个选项不属于国际收支统计中居民的概念？（C） A 外国企业 B 非盈利机构 C 国际经济组织 D 政府 7.布雷顿森林体系创立了（B） A 以英镑为中心的固定汇率制度 B 以美元为中心的固定汇率制度 C 以英镑为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度 D 以美元为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度 8.在下列投资方式中，属于国际间接投资的是（D） A 在国外设立分公司 B 在国外设立独资企业 C 在国外设立合资企业 D 购买国外企业债券 9.经济非均衡的无形传导方式不包括（C）

国际经济学考试试题

国际经济学考试试题Last revision on 21 December 2020

郑州航空工业管理学院2010—2011学年第一学期 课程考试试卷（ A ）卷 课程名称：国际经济学考试形式：闭卷 考核对象（专业或班级）：贸易经济、经济学、国际经济与贸易、金融 学、保险学 学号：姓名： 说明：所有答案请答在规定的答题纸或答题卡上，答在本试卷册上的无效。 一、单项选择题（本题总计20分，每小题1分） 1．李嘉图的比较优势理论指出，（）。 A、贸易导致不完全专业化 B、即使一个国家不具有绝对成本优势，也可以从出口绝对成本劣势相对较小的产品中获益 C、与不具备绝对成本优势的国家相比，具有绝对成本优势的国家可以从贸易中获利更多 D、只有具备比较优势的国家才能获得贸易余额 2．如果一个劳动力丰富的国家与另一资本丰富的国家进行自由贸易，则（） A、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本上升 B、两国工资水平都会相对资本成本下降 C、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家上升 D、前一国家的工资会相对后一国家下降 3．如果机会成本是递增而不是固定不变的，国际贸易将导致（）。 A、每个国家完全专业化，且生产成本下降 B、每个国家不完全专业化，且出口产品生产成本不变 C、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本上升 D、每个国家不完全专业化，且生产出口产品的机会成本下降 4．（）可用于解释发达国家之间的制成品贸易。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、需求重叠理论 D、绝对优势学说 5．可以解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）。 A、比较优势学说 B、要素禀赋理论 C、绝对优势学说 D、规模经济理论

国际经济学试题20答案

考试试卷答案及评分标准 开课单位：经济学院考试课程：国际经济学考试学年、学期：命题教师：王焱霞 试卷类型：闭卷 专业： 试卷编号： 一、名词解释题(本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分) 1，国际收支：指一国在一定时期内全部的对外往来的系统的货币记录。 2，套汇：利用同一时刻不同外汇市场上的汇率差异，通过买进和卖出外汇而赚取利润的行为。直接套汇和间接套汇：直接套汇，又称双边或两角套汇，指利用两个外汇市场上某种货币的汇率差异，同时在两个外汇市场上一边买进一边卖出这种货币。间接套汇，也称三角套汇，是利用三个不同地点的外汇市场上的汇率差异，同时在三地市场上贵卖贱买从中赚取汇率差价的行为。套汇机会的判断：将三个或更多个市场上的汇率转换用同一种标价法表示，并将被表示货币的单位都统一为1，然后将得到的各个汇率值相乘。如果乘积为1，说明没有套汇机会，如果乘积不为1，则存在套汇机会。 3，技术性贸易壁垒(Technical Barriers to Trade)：进口国对各类进口商品颁布复杂苛刻的技术标准、卫生检疫规定、商品包装和商品标签规定，造成进口障碍，限制商品进口。进口国为维护国内消费者安全和健康，对进口商品规定技术、卫生和包装标准应该说是必要的，但这些规定十分复杂，标准过于严格，而且经常变化，使外国产品难以适应，达到限制进口的作用。它的实施具有极端的隐蔽性，效果非常明显。 4，产业内贸易（Intra-industry Trade）：同一产业内的产品（同类产品）在两国间相互进口和出口的贸易活动。即产业内部同类产品之间的贸易活动。 5，贸易条件（Terms of Trade）：一定时期内一国出口商品价格与进口商品价格之间的对比关系。或者说是指国际商品交换比例。 计算方法： T = ( PX / PM ) ×100 其中T表示该国某一时期的贸易条件；PX为该时期的出口价格指数；PM为该时期的进口价格指数。 二、判断说明题（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 1, 马歇尔——勒纳条件可用来判断货币贬值程度。 “×”马歇尔——勒纳条件可用来判断货币贬值对国际收支影响程度 2, 假定对成品车征收40％的从价税，无关税时进口零部件成本为成品车价格的30％，对进口零部件征收40％的从价税时的有效关税保护率为40％。

10套-《国际经济学》期末试卷及答案

《国际经济学》模拟试卷（1） 一、单项选择（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：在四个备选答案中选择一个最适合的答案。 1．关于一般均衡分析的新古典模型，说法不正确的是（）。 A.国际贸易理论的标准模型 B.采用2 2 1模型进行阐述 C.将技术、要素禀赋、需求偏好集于一体 D.由哈伯勒、勒纳、里昂惕夫和米德等人提出 2．国际金融理论的发展一直是围绕着（）这一十分重要的问题而展开的。 A.外部平衡 B.内部平衡 C.外部平衡与内部平衡 D.规模经济 3．生产可能性曲线的假设条件有（）。 A.两种生产要素的总供给都是可变的 B.生产要素可在两个部门间自由流动 C.两种生产要素没有充分利用 D.两种商品的生产技术条件是可变的 4．要素密集度可借助于（）来说明。 A.社会无差异曲线 B.需求曲线 C.等产量曲线 D.供给曲线 5．国际贸易会（）贸易国出口部门特定要素的实际收入。 A.提高 B.降低 C.不影响 D.可能影响 6．在产品生命周期的产品成熟阶段，产品属于（）。 A.研究与开发密集型 B.资本密集型 C.劳动密集型 D.土地密集型

7．属于国际收支账户中服务项目的有（）。 A.证券投资 B.商品修理 C.计算机和信息服务 D.非货币黄金 8．购买力平价论（the theory of purchasing power parity），简称PPP理论，是（）在其1922年出版的《1914年以后的货币与外汇》（money and foreign exchange after 1914）中第一次系统阐述的。 A.勒纳 B.卡塞尔 C.凯恩斯 D.多恩布什 9．假设某国的边际消费倾向为0.80，边际进口倾向为0.30，试问该国的对外贸易乘数是（）。 A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4 10．假设即期汇率l英镑=2美元，在欧洲市场美元一年期的利率为15%，英镑为10%，求一年后的远期汇率1英镑等于（）美元。 A.2.091 B.2 C.1.913 D.3 二、判断题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：若判断正确，在小题后的括号内填上“√”号；若判断不正确，则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。 1．相对国内经济而言，在国际经济中市场机制不容易得到贯彻。（） 2．在机会成本不变条件下，两国生产中存在着不完全分工（incomplete specialization）。 （） 3．李嘉图的比较优势学说比斯密的绝对优势学说更具有普遍的意义。（） 4．要素禀赋是一个相对的概念，与一国所拥有的生产要素绝对数量无关。（） 5．劳动在短期内是属于一种特定要素。（） 6．产业内贸易反映比较优势。（） 7．费雪模型证明，资本是从利率较低的国家流向利率较高的国家，即资本的流动是单向的，结果是各国的利率差消失。这种分析是以不存在风险为前提的。（） 8．汇率超调模型在长期强调商品市场的价格粘性。（） 9．国际收支的弹性分析法是一种一般均衡分析。（） 10．在浮动汇率制度下，如果资本具有完全的流动性，通过财政政策刺激总需求不会实现影响均衡产量或均衡收入的目的。（）

社科院题库-国际经济学

1.林德重叠需求论的假设条件和主要观点。 重叠需求理论是由瑞典经济学家林德提出，其理论核心是：两国之间贸易关系的密切程度是由两国的需求结构与收入水平决定的。 重叠需求理论有两个假设条件： 1、消费者行为假设：假设在一国之内，需求受消费者的收入水平决定。不同收入阶层的消费者偏好不同，收入越高的消费者就越偏好奢侈品，收入越低的消费者就越偏好必需品，但如果消费者收入水平相同，则其偏好也相同。2、两国需求重叠的假定：厂商根据消费者的收入水平与需求结构来决定其生产方向与内容，而生产的必要条件是对其产品有效需求的存在；如果两国的平均收入水平相近，则两国的需求结构也必定相似。反之，如果两国的收入水平相差很大，则他们的需求结构也必存在显著的差异。 重叠需求理论的基本观点是，重叠需求是国际贸易产生的一个独立条件。两国之间的需求结构若是越接近，则两国之间进行贸易的基础就越雄厚。当两国的人均收入水平越接近时，则重叠需求的范围也就越大，两国重复需要的商品都有可能成为贸易品。如果各国的国民收入不断提高，则由于收入水平的提高，新的重复需要的商品便不断地出现，贸易也相应地不断扩大，贸易中的新品种就会不断地出现。所以，收入水平相似的国家，互相间的贸易关系就可能越密切；反之，如果收入水平相差悬殊，则两国之间重复需要的商品就可能很少，贸易的密切程度也就很小。 2.国际贸易比较优势理论 比较优势可以表述为：在两国之间，劳动生产率的差距并不是在任何产品上都是相等的。每个国家都应集中生产并出口具有比较优势的产品，进口具有比较劣势的产品（即“两优相权取其重，两劣相衡取其轻”），双方均可节省劳动力，获得专业化分工提高劳动生产率的好处。假设条（1）假定贸易中只有两个国家和两种商品（X与Y商品），这一个假设的目的是为了用一个二维的平面图来说明这一理论。（2）两国在生产中使用不同的技术。技术的不同导致劳动生产率的不同进而导致成本的不同。（3）模型只假定在物物交换条件下进行，没有考虑复杂的商品流通，而且假定1个单位的X产品和一个单位的Y产品等价（不过他们的生产成本不等）。（4）在两个国家中，商品与要素市场都是完全竞争的。（5）在一国内要素可以自由流动，但是在国际间不流动。（6）分工前后生产成本不变。（7）不考虑交易费用和运输费用，没有关税或影响国际贸易自由进行的其他壁垒。但是，在贸易存在的条件下，当两国的相对商品价格完全相等时，两国的生产分工才会停止比较优势理论。如果存在运输成本和关税，当两国的相对价格差小于每单位贸易商品的关税和运输成本时，两国的生产分工才会停止。（8）价值规律在市场上得到完全贯彻，自由竞争，自由贸易。（9）假定国际经济处于静态之中，不发生其他影响分工和经济变化。（10）两国资源都得到了充分利用，均不存在未被利用的资源和要素。（11）两国的贸易是平衡的，即总的进口额等于总的出口额。