(英语)高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编及解析
（英语）高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Seventy-three-year-old George McNeilon selected his food in Value Mart very carefully. After leaving the cashier, he estimated (估计) that he had saved 80 cents and thought that he had got good value for his money again.
At the exit, the chilly wind reminded him of his gloves. "Now where are they?" He searched here and there, but nowhere could he find them. He was sure he was wearing them when he entered the store. The worried man made a second search in all his pockets, again including the grocery bag. He was sure they must have been dropped somewhere inside the store.
George bought the gloves at a 25% discount, for just $30, ten years ago. They were genuine lambskin (小羊皮), soft, warm and durable. Until then, he had worn cheaper man-made material that lasted no more than three years. His impulsive decision to buy the expensive gloves turned out to be a good one, which even promoted his social status on the bus, as passengers stared at him enviously for six months out of the year. He enjoyed being envied.
Bad luck, George thought, to lose his expensive gloves on New Year's Eve. He reentered the store and followed the same route he had walked before. But several minutes of anxious search turned out to be in vain. "Society has changed. People have changed …" he murmured to himself. "Years ago, if people picked up something lost, they would give it back."
Back home, George was at a loss. In deep winter, he could not do anything without a pair of gloves. If he bought cheap ones, he would have to replace them very soon. If he bought new leather ones, they would cost forty dollars.
After the holiday, poor George decided to buy another pair of leather gloves. Before boarding the subway, he stepped into Value Mart again to see if by any chance his gloves had been returned to the lost and found office.
"What color are they?" the woman in the office asked.
"Black," he answered.
She looked into her drawer and drew out a pair of men's leather gloves.
"Are they?"
"Yes! Those are mine!"
（1）Which of the following is the most probable reason for George's shopping?
A. To kill time in Value Mart as usual.
B. To prepare for the coming New Year.
C. To prove how wise he was with money.
D. To see whether there were gloves on sale.（2）What do we know about old George McNeilon?
A. Pure but impolite.
B. Clever but simple.
C. Economical but vain.
D. Warmhearted but poor.
（3）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. In daily life, accidents will happen.
B. Never ever jump to conclusions.
C. A penny saved is a penny earned.
D. A loss may turn out to be a gain.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一位老人在除夕夜去超市购物却丢掉手套，并最终找了回来。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Bad luck, George thought, to lose his expensive gloves on New Year's Eve.”可知George McNeilon是为新年购物，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“He enjoyed being envied.”可知他虚荣心很强，再根据第一段中的“After leaving the cashier, he estimated (估计) that he had saved 80 cents and thought that he had got good value for his money again.”可知他很经济，很节省，故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“‘Society has changed. People have changed …’ he murmured to himself. ‘Years ago, if people picked up something lost, they would give it back.’”可知George认为现在的人们都改变了，而根据后文售货员帮他找回了，所以人不要急于下结论，故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
The recession (衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.
Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.
The researchers focus on movements in "non-employment" as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.
Why have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD's employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and
large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.
（1）By saying "The labour market has also broken the rules", the author means ______.
A. young employees were protected by the government
B. young employees suffered moderately in labour market
C. old employees suffered very little in the labour market
D. The recession had little impact on labour market
（2）What do we know about "early-retirement policies" mentioned in the 4thparagraph?
A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect.
B. They have effectively helped young employees.
C. They financially supported the elderly people.
D. They have gain popularity in southern European countries.
（3）The word "fallacy" (in the last paragraph) probably means "______".
A. common belief
B. wrong concept
C. acceptable assumption
D. wise statement （4）Which of the following might the author agree with?
A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments.
B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.
C. Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs.
D. Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究显示2008年金融危机期间以及此后，老员工的表现都优于其他年龄段的人，很多人会认为，老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的，事实上这种观点是错误的。
（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的"But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups."可知，在上世纪70年代、80年代和90年代的经济衰退中，老员工也被解雇了，但这次不一样了，2008年金融危机期间以及此后，他们的表现都优于其他年龄段的人，可知，作者所说的"劳动力市场也违反了规则"的意思是老员工在劳动力市场上受的影响很小（没有被解雇），故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped"可知，过去，政府的提前退休政策（错误地认为这些政策有助于年轻人）使得把老员工赶出家门的成本更低，现在这些政策已经基本上停止了，由此可知，事实证明，提前退休政策的用处不大，而且几乎不再有效了，故选A。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的"Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded."可知，很多人会认为，老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的。这种观点是错误的，此处解释为什么这种观点是错误的，说的是认为一个人得到的工作就是另一个人失去的工作本身就是一种谬论，由此可知画线词词义为"错误的观念"，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation"可知，在工作场所，年轻人和老年人基本上不是替换关系，他们在不同的行业做不同的工作，由此可知，作者会同意老年人留在工作岗位上不一定会威胁到年轻人的工作，故选D。
【点评本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和句义猜测四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.
The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.
The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫).
Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person's education level by about one year.
Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education.
“The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors.
He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China's 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.
The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.
（1）What is the result of the study?
A.Air pollution has a bad effect on people's intelligence.
B.Females are more affected by air pollution than males.
C.Americans are more affected by air pollution than Chinese.
D.People working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.
（2）What did Chen say about the study?
A.It is doubtful.
B.It is extremely unfair.
C.It is common and not representative.
D.It is relatively objective and persuasive.
（3）What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph?
A.The data from the 33 provinces is convincing.
B.The whole world should pay attention to air pollution.
C.The less educated take more responsibility for air pollution.
D.Air pollution's influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.
（4）Where is the text most likely taken from?
A.A life diary.
B.A guidebook.
C.A science magazine.
D.A biography.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究表明，长期暴露在空气污染中会在语言和数学两个方面影响一个人的智力，因此每个国家都应关注空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The researchers reported that long-term exposure to air pollution can affect a person's mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.”可知，研究人员报告说，长期暴露在空气污染中会在两个方面影响一个人的智力：语言和数学。即研究结果是空气污染会对人们的智力产生不良影响。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“I n his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.”可知，用Xi Chen的话说，调查得到的数据和事实令人信服，全国各地的不同年龄和不同地方的人提供了真实，客观和有代表性的研究样本。即Xi Chen对这项研究说的是“研究结果是相对客观和有说服力的。”故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.”可知，研究人员指出，随着人们年龄的增长，空气污染对言语能力的影响更加严重，尤其是在男性和文化程度较低的人群中。研究人员还强调，每个国家，无论是发达国家，发展中国家还是贫穷国家，都应关注
空气污染否则人类将面临一个糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人员强调了全世界应该注意空气污染。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段“A new study shows th at air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.”可知，本文的话题是研究表明空气污染会大大降低人们的智力。该研究是一个由中国北京大学和美国耶鲁大学的研究人员参与的项目。因此可以推断出文章可能来自于科学杂志。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
Several years ago, I began asking my friends and family to tell me something about their passwords. Yes, I understand why passwords are universally hated: the pressure they put on our memory and the endless demand to update them. I hate them too. But there is more to passwords than their annoyance. In the fact that we construct them so that we can remember them, they take on secret lives.
There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back. And there was a childless 45-year-old woman whose password is the name of the baby she lost in her 25 (her way of trying to keep him alive, I guess).
Sometimes the passwords were playful. Several people said they used "incorrect" for theirs so that when they forgot it, the software automatically promoted them with the right one ("your password is incorrect").
Some passwords were striking for their uniqueness. After reading Sheryl Sandberg's book Lean in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using "Wwssdol9", which stood for "What would Sheryl Sandberg do" plus "19" for the year (2019) of the password's creation. "TnsitTpsif" was the password of another friend, a computer scientist who loves wordplay. It stood for "The next sentence is true. The previous sentence is false". For my friend, it was a playful reference to the knots that language can tie.
The 4622 that my wife used in her passwords was not just the address of her father's childhood home but also a reminder of his strength. Apparently, when the former 120 kg football standout was a small boy, he had to sing his home address (4622 South 28th West Avenue) in one full breath rather than try to say it normally. Otherwise, his stutter (口吃) would embarrass him.（1）Why did the prisoner use his prison ID number in his password?
A.To rebuild his reputation.
B.To remind him to act legally.
C.To fight against his poor memory.
D.To hide the unpleasant experience.
（2）What did Cortni Kerr think of Sheryl Sandberg's book?
A.Doubtful.
B.Interesting.
C.Creative.
D.Inspiring.
（3）What might be the best title for the text?
A.The reasons why people hate passwords.
B.The unusual passwords.
C.The secret lives of passwords.
D.The best ways to make your passwords unique.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“There was a former prisoner whose password includes what used to be his prison ID number to constantly tell him not to go back.”可知这名坐过牢的囚犯用自己的监狱身份证号作为密码主要是提醒自己不要回到过去（不在犯罪）。因此选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Cortni Kerr, a running partner of mine, found her role model and began using ‘Wwssdol9’, which stood for ‘What would Sheryl Sandberg do’plus '19’ for the year (2019) of the password's creation.”可知Cortni Kerr读完Sheryl Sandberg's book的书后，找到到了自己的榜样，由此判断出Cortni Kerr认为Sheryl Sandberg的书很激励人心。故选D。
（3）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文介绍了有关密码的一些趣事。不同的人设定密码也包含着不同的意义，也揭示了一些秘密。选项C. The secret lives of passwords.“密码里的人生秘密”为短文的最佳标题。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
TEENSGIVING is an exciting yearly event where hundreds of New York City teens gather together annually for a remarkable day of community service. This year, TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 participants will once again better New York City and influence thousands of lives!
When is TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016?
Sunday, April 20, 2016
Where is TEENSGIVING?
All over New York City. Everyone will meet at the 92nd Street Y ( 92nd and Lexington ) at 9:00 AM for the event kick-off. Then, all TEENSGIVING volunteers will go across the city to work with our partnering agencies where they will make a HUGE difference and have fun!
Who participates in TEENSGIVING?
Hundreds of teenagers from around the city. Teens come from the 92nd Street Y, various city schools, youth groups, and organizations in the area. In addition, many adult volunteers ( aged 21 and older) will donate their time to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016.
What projects do participants do at the agencies?
Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with poor and disabled children, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters.
Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIV1NG?
Yes! Everybody benefits! Tee n volunteers will receive “6 hours” of community service credit, good towards honor society, high school graduation and college application requirements. Adult volunteers will be thanked with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our city's youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 T- shirt.
This sounds awesome! How do I register for TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016? Interested teens and/or adults should e-mail the TEENSGIVING Coordinator Josh Hyman at jhyman@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3d3044625.html, < mailto: jhyman@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3d3044625.html, > (subject: TEENSGIVING) to receive more information and to register for this fantastic event!
Teens can also contact their school's Community Service Advisor.
TEENSGIVING is sponsored by the 92nd Street Y.
（1）TEENSGVING is an event which is held .
A. twice every year
B. every two years
C. once every year
D. from time to time （2）What can the teenagers do in this event?
A. Give thanks to the adults.
B. Take good care of animals.
C. Clean the streets of New York.
D. Work for high schools and! colleges.
（3）An adult volunteer may get for his time devoted to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016.
A. a T-shirt and a gift certificate
B. community service credit and a T-shirt
C. a high school certificate and a light breakfast
D. a gift certificate and community service credit
（4）The writer's purpose in writing this passage is to .
A. ask readers to donate their advice to TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016
B. encourage readers to ask more questions about TEENSGIVING
C. introduce TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 to readers
D. inform readers of some frequently asked questions
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2016TEENSGIVING 活动内容，时间，地点，志愿者福利等信息。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“TEENSGIVING is an exciting yearly event”可知，
TEENSGIVING是一个一年一度的激动人心的事件。故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。根据What projects do participants do at the agencies?部分中的“Sample projects include painting park benches, planting gardens, visiting and playing with the poor children, assembling model planes for children in hospitals, assisting at animal shelters, working at soup kitchens, delivering meals and celebrating with families at homeless shelters.”可知，活动包括在公园长椅上绘画，园艺劳动，看望贫困儿童并且与他们玩耍，在动物收容所协助照看动物等等。故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。根据Do I get anything for participating in TEENSGIV1NG?部分中的“Adul t volunteers will be thanked with a light breakfast, a gift certificate for their troubles, and the satisfaction of helping our city's youth contribute to their community. In addition, all teen and adult volunteers will receive a cool TEENSGIVING in SPRING 2016 T-shirt.”可知，成年志愿者将获得一份爱心早餐，一个解决他们烦恼的礼品券以及帮助我们城市青少年为他们的社区做贡献的满足感。另外，所有的青少年和成人志愿者都会获得一个很酷的TEENSGIVING2016春季T恤。故选A。
(4)考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了2016年春季TEENSGIVING的主要内容，以及如何申请参加这项活动。故作者的目的是给读者介绍这个活动，选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
Weaving hammocks is an art that takes a sharp eye, a skilled hand and lots of patience. But in Lenwood Haddock's case, being blind works to his advantage. His trained, sensitive hands are acutely aware of every step of the process. Since beginning his craft in 1986, Lenwood has woven about 145, 000 perfect hammocks.
Lenwood lost his sight in 1973, at age 18, during a hunting accident. “My whole working career has been blind,” he says. He first found a job as a woodworke r, but when that organization closed, the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks. On his first day of work. “I did a total of one hammock,” Lenwood recalls, laughing. “And then I came home and lay down to sleep. I lift weights, but I wasn't as tough as I thought until I started weaving.lt takes a lot of energy, and you're standing up all day.”
In time, however, Lenwood found he had a knack (窍门) for the job. At first he worked on-site at the company, but after a year Lenwood moved his operation to the home workshop where he had worked for 10 years during his woodworking days.
There, he creates dozens of hammocks each week from ropes in a variety of sizes. One day, he
realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.
The process of weaving a hammock involves making and catching hundreds of loops (环). A single missed stitch (织针) creates a hole that can widen and make the hammock uncomfortable or even dangerous to use. Experienced weavers miss loops sometimes, but to his company's knowledge, Lenwood has never turned in a hammock with even one dropped stitch. Lenwood's skilled fingers are quick to catch and fix any mistakes.
The company has acquired other brands and changed its name to The Hammock Source. Today, it is the world's largest maker and seller of hammocks, all built by hand.
However, Lenwood's routine has changed little. He works his fingers back and forth across the rows, looping the rope and pulling it. With every hammock, Lenwood presents himself a perfect product. “I'm not sure how sighted people do it,” he admits.
（1）Lenwood stopped doing his first job because .
A. it was for people with good eyesight only
B. the company failed to go on with its business
C. the company didn't produce hammocks
D. he was not skilled at doing woodwork
（2）It can be learned from the passage that Lenwood .
A. has been blind all through his life
B. used to work as a hunter to support his family
C. was born in the 1950s with good eyesight
D. has worked as a hammock weaver for 10 years
（3）What can we learn about Lenwood from the 4th paragraph?
A. He moved very often while he was working on a hammock.
B. He had to make different ropes before he wove a hammock.
C. He had to stay 8 miles away from the worksite to complete it.
D. He needed ropes of about 8 miles long to complete a hammock.
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. the success of the Hammock Source Company
B. a blind craftsman who makes perfect hammocks
C. how to weave perfect hammocks by hand
D. how to become a successful craftsman
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇人物传记，因故双目失明的美国人Lenwood，用其训练有素，敏感的双手创造编织吊床的奇迹。
(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He first found a job as a woodworker, but when that organization closed, the North Carolina Division of Services for the Blind connected him with Hatteras Hammocks.”可知，Lenwood十八岁时失明，后来找到第一份工作，但他所在的organization closed，虽没说具体原因，但没有再继续经营下去，故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Lenwood lost his sight in 1973, at age 18,”Lenwood在1973年十八岁时失明推算出来的，也说明在（1973-18=1955）1955年之前他的眼睛是好的。故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ he realized the step counter on his phone recorded him walking eight miles without ever leaving his shop.”可知， Lenwood所用的计步器显示，他在店里织吊床总共来回行走8英里，由此可推断出他在工作时经常走动。所以选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。全文讲述了一位双目失明的工人Lenwood，凭借自己的训练有素、敏感的双手敏锐地捕捉到编织吊床过程的每一步，编织中过程甚至是经验丰富的织工也会出错，而Lenwood展示了一个个完美的吊床产品，创造了吊床编织的奇迹。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生在准确捕捉细节信息的同时，需要根据上下文，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
On February 6, Space X, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the world's most powerful rocket.
Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V, which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s. “F alcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit-that's almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta IV Heavy, ”Imperial College astrophysicist David Clements told AI Jazeera. According to Space X, Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel.
The rocket was designed with the idea of earning humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars. For its first voyage, it carried Musk's $ 100,000 cherry-red Tesla sports car and a fake space-suited human model fixed in the driver's seat. Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race”.
Falcon Heavy went into space on its last flight on February 6. The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches. It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere. Minutes after take-off, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR. Recently, Space X scheduled to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASA's TESS mission on March 20, 2018. It is reported that Space X is scheduled to complete 30 independent launch missions in 2018, at least half of which will use Falcon 9.
（1）Which of the following can function as a rocket?
A. A 737 jet.
B. Tesla.
C. Saturn V.
D. Space X.
（2）What do we know about Falcon Heavy from the text?
A. It was the latest rocket in the world.
B. It is of the same load as a 737 jet.
C. It is to be found by the creatures in the outer space.
D. It was launched at the same place for the Apollo 11 mission.
（3）What delayed the launch of Falcon Heavy?
A. Weather condition.
B. Program error.
C. Equipment failure.
D. Deliberate damage.
（4）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The BFR will be completed in 2018.
B. The vehicle to launch space tourists is unknown.
C. Tourists will be sent into space by Falcon 9.
D. Falcon 9 will take 15 launch missions.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇时文报道类文章。2月6日，伊隆·马斯克的私人航天航空公司Space X成功的发射了猎鹰号重型航天器，使得它成为世界上最强大的火箭。文章介绍了猎鹰号重型航天器的具体情况。
（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V”可知，Falcon Heavy是Saturn V退役之后的最大的火箭。由此可推知，Saturn V曾经是最大的火箭。故C选项正确。
（2）细节理解题。由第四段中的“The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches”可知，发射Falcon Heavy是在佛罗里达州的卡纳维拉尔角空军基地和肯尼迪航天中心。该地也被用来执行阿波罗11号的登月任务。结合选项，D选项正确。
（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere”可知，因为天气原因导致它延迟发射。故A选项正确。
（4）推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR”可知，Space X宣布最终使用Falcon Heavy将两位付费的游客送入太空进行环月旅游。但是，Musk又说有可能将该任务留给BFR来执行。由此可以推知，到底谁来执行该任务还不确定。故B选项正确。
【点评】阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧：推断题是考查学生透过文章表面的文字信息进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。推理和判断必须以事实为依据，切莫主观臆断。
①那些文章中直接陈述的内容不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。
②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知；作出正确答案时一定要在文中找到依据或理由。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法；不要脱离原文主观臆断。
8．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
"The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men," argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the "Great Man Theory of History." This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle's theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.
As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you'll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I'll occasionally read a novel, but I've never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester's The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.
Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You'll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester's Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.
Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill's saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.
This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number.
（1）What is implied in the first paragraph?
A. The author finds Carlyle's theory undebatable.
B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.
C. It is debatable whether one should read great men's biographies.
D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "other items" in the third paragraph refer to?
A. good biographies
B. stories of certain times
C. the volumes of The Last Lion
D. the chapters of the British Empire
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.
B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.
C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.
D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.
（4）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?
A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.
B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.
C. To present great men's history through biography reading.
D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者阐述了喜欢读好的传记的原因。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times"可知，这一理论表明，更广泛的历史运动和轮廓都可以追溯到对其时代有独特影响的伟大人物的领导。所以通过第一段的关键词"go back to，had unique influence on their times"，判断出第一段暗示了作者同意历史受某些人的影响很大。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. "可知，一个好的传记作家不仅讲述一个人的故事，而且还在讲述他们所处的时代。读一本好的传记就像漫步在一个充满智慧的购物中心。第一家商店吸引了你，但你会惊喜地发现，还有其它的商品吸引了你的注意力。所以作者把读好的传记比喻成购物，将历史人物和某个时期的历史故事比喻成商店的商品。故判断出第三段划线的"other items"指的是某个时期的故事。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life"以及第三段" Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world."可知，对我来说，不读传记会剥夺我生活的乐趣。的确，没有什么事情比悠闲地度过夜晚，进入另一个世界更令我放松。所以作者认为传记阅读令人愉快。故A选项"作者认为传记阅读令人愉快"是正确的。故选A。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"First, I find good biographies fascinating."；第三段中的"Second, I find good biographies informative."；第四段中的"Third, I find good biographies relaxing." 以及最后段"This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don't be counted among their number."可知，首先，我觉得好的传记很吸引人。我发现好的传记信息丰富。我发现好的传记让人放松。这就是为什么我喜欢读好的传记，以及为什么我同情忽视它们的人。不要成为那些不读传记的人群的一员。可知，作者通过自己的经历阐述了自己喜欢读好的传记的原因目的是推荐人们读传记。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.
Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains , is important for critical (有判断力的)thinking , problem-solving and decision-making.
So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in naure, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15,000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take
time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.
Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.
At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long-term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.
（1）What is David Strayer's opinion?
A. Americans dislike outdoor activities.
B. Electronic equipment should be quitted.
C. New technologies are a double-edged sword.
D. Electronic equipment brings great convenience.
（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?
A. To try another lifestyle.
B. To refresh our brain.
C. To make better decisions.
D. To play with our family and friends.
（3）What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?
A. Reborn
B. Memorable
C. Remarkable
D. Tiring
（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?
A. Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.
B. Good Rest Develops Good Memory.
C. Tips on Using New Technologies.
D. Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。
（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature , Strayer claims , helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。
（3）词义猜测题。根据前文Take Carl for example .He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故
可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。
（4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
America is well known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York.
Here, second-generation Puerto Ricans live alongside third-generation Greeks and first-generation Koreans, all united by a common feeling of pride in their American identity. However, they are also proud and curious about their ancestral roots. National Geographic's Genographic Project, also known as the Human Family Tree, set out to trace the origins by examining their genetic makeup using a simple DNA test. What interested them more was something that intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry. One recurring theme among immigrants seems to be the hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their descendants now feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too. Here is one Queens resident's story.
Richard, 38
My great-grandfather Tomas came to America from Poland when he was fifteen. His mother had died, and his father remarried. Tomas didn't like his stepmother, so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California. Then one day he saw an announcement in a newspaper that was read by immigrants. It was from his brother in New York who was also seeking his fortune in America and was looking for him. Tomas got in touch and they had an emotional reunion in New York, where Tomas subsequently settled. This is the story that my grandmother has passed down to us, to my parents, and all my aunts and uncles. She is an amazing woman and I suppose: the one who holds us all together. She's actually quite forgetful now, but she never forgets family details. What that has meant is that all of us have a strong family bond and a strong sense of belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to steered here.
（1）What is special about Queens?
A. Conflicting ethnic minorities live here.
B. Many foreigners like to travel to this place.
C. The pronunciation varies from person to person.
D. Many different people and cultures are gathering here.
（2）What does the "one recurring theme" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A sad experience.
B. A common subject.
C. An unknown topic.
D. An unusual quality.
（3）Which of the following can best describe Tomas?
A. Brave and independent.
B. Tough and honest.
C. Talented and persistent.
D. Kind and hard-working.
（4）What can we know about the immigrants from the text?
A. They are ashamed of their roots.
B. They feel attached to their family.
C. They can't fit in with the new surroundings.
D. They are less interested in recent generations.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，美国是一个种族和文化的大熔炉，尽管移民在美国生活了几代，但他们仍对自己的祖辈感到骄傲和好奇。祖辈的努力和牺牲让他们有强烈的家庭归属感，也激励着他们更加努力。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“America is well known for being a melting pot of different ethnic groups and cultures, but nowhere is this diversity more pronounced than in Queens, New York.”可知，美国是不同种族和文化的大熔炉，但这种多样性在纽约的皇后区最为明显，即：皇后区汇集了不同种族的人和文化。故选D。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“One recurring theme among i mmigrants seems to be the hard work and sacrifices that went into building a new life, and how their descendants now feel a duty to honor that effort by working hard too.”移民中……似乎是为了建立新生活他们所付出的努力和牺牲，以及他们的后代应该感到有责任通过努力工作来纪念他们的努力。联系上下文，可知这是很多移民谈到的话题，故推测划线部分的意思是“一个共同的主题” 。故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“so he ran away to Belgium, where he boarded a ship to America—without a ticket. Arriving in America with nothing, he got a job on the railroads in California.”可知Tomas没有买票一个人坐上了到美国的轮船，到了美国后身无分文在火车站找了一份工作，这些体现了Tomas的勇敢和独立。故选A。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“What interested them more was something that intrigues us all: the history of our recent ancestry.”和最后一段中的“She's actually quite forgetful now, but she never forgets family details. What that has meant is that all of us have a strong family bond and a strong sense of belonging to a group that has struggled and fought together to steered here.”可知美国移民对他们祖辈的历史更感兴趣；Richard的祖母忘不了家庭细节意味着他们有强烈的家庭纽带和归属感，即这些移民看重家庭以及对家庭的依恋。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。