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2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研阅读题源,考研真题,模拟题20

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速读测试：“不在办公室”留言指南

作为公事繁忙的上班族，休假或外出会议等事宜会不可避免地影响到回复重要的工作邮件，因此人们往往会选择留下out-of-office信息——其目的就在于告知发邮件的对方静待回复或是另请高明，避免耽误紧急事项。然而在科技飞速发展的今天，传统的out-of-office邮件似乎略显过时，或许我们需要更聪明的方式来管理那些离开办公室的时间？

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：

merit值得

hurdle障碍

self-referential自指的

affliction苦恼

ruse策略

plausibility可信度

The out of date out-of-office message（790words）

By Lisa Pollack

------------------------------------------------------

When Professor Randy Pausch took a month off work for his honeymoon,his boss at Carnegie Mellon University insisted that he be reachable.So he recorded a message for when people tried to call.On it he explained that he’d waited until39to get married.Then he gave the names of his new in-laws and the town they lived in,so a caller could get their number from directory assistance.Then,lastly:“If you can convince my in-laws that your emergency merits interrupting their only daughter’s honeymoon, they have our number.”

I was thinking about this clever out-of-office notification as I tried to construct my own in email form.Prof Pausch’s honeymoon message is a story from a more technologically innocent age—it was about15years ago,which is at least100in internet years.Back then,aside from the hurdles put in place by determined honeymooners,there were also plausible reasons to be out of touch.Now,technology is so good that it’s ruined

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our favourite excuses for not being reachable.Writing that one has “limited”or“intermittent”access to email is usually no more than a declaration that one intends to be choosy about dealing with it.

But this is only half the story.The other is that technology,particularly when it comes to the out-of-office message,hasn’t kept up.There’s a robot that walks like a dog and cars drive themselves,so why don’t we have smarter ways to manage time spent away from work?

An obvious improvement would be to add functionality to email clients that spreadsheet software has had for years:warnings that self-referential loops,aka“circular references”,have been created.This affliction hits parts of Europe especially hard in August.Person A is out of the office,please contact Person B if it’s urgent.Person B says the same, refers emailer to Person C in an emergency.Person C refers to Person A. It is either a clever ruse or poor planning,but given that everyone is already emotionally and mentally,if not physically,out of the door when they set this up,it’s probably the latter.

From this it logically follows that any new out-of-office technology would have to respect the fact that having high quality time off is a team effort. So one of the top features for development should be a warning that pops up when you’re about to email someone from whom you’ve already received an out-of-office.The system will be smart enough to consider the dates that the holiday-maker said they were away in their email.This isn’t my idea.It’s covered by a US patent filed(grant pending)in2006that’s owned by IBM.

I’d like it to go one further by having it hook up with an email scheduling service,giving you the option to forward the conversation to the

well-slept sod on the day of their return in order to make absolutely clear that yes,they were right to wish that they could have just stayed in the Lake District forever.

Provided colleagues heeded the warnings,such functionality would be a boon to those of us who have poor self-control when it comes to unplugging from the Matrix.It would also,however,provide the added bonus of making it abundantly clear who the most and least helpful people are when we are attempting down time.

Perhaps in the year after the release of a new add-in to Gmail or Outlook that provides this tool,the survey for the100Best Companies to Work 资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3516278287.html,

For could include a Jerk Index measuring the number of out-of-office notices heeded versus overridden.

The next new feature would generate a public plausibility score for a given out-of-office message.If the message says“intermittent access”but the person is replying to messages at a rate that implies that they want an excuse not to spend time with their family,their plausibility score would be near zero.

If the message says“no access”and the person replies to anything,this system will send them an image of US talk-show host Maury Povich along with the text:“Your out-of-office said that you wouldn’t be replying to emails.The fact that you replied determined that was a lie.”

As for my own message,I decided on something non-committal.Until technology catches up,I might as well keep my options open.Oh,and I left Person B out of it.He’s not in anyway.

What’s the author’s attitude towards the current out-of-office

notifications?

?Approving

?Favorable

?Discontent

?Positive

What have probably caused the circular references?

?A Poor planning

?A clever ruse

?A purposely arranged trick

?An unexpected accident

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Which of the following companies is mentioned as the owner of the patent of a new out-of-office technology?

?Facebook

?IBM

?Apple

?Google

Which of the following is not mentioned as one of the features of the new system of out-of-office messages?

?Considering when the holiday-maker would return

?Hooking up with an email scheduling service

?Generating a public plausibility score for out-of-office messages ?Providing backup plan for the email users

“不在办公室”留言指南

解析

C文章第三段作者提到她认为目前的out-of-office信息与科技发展的水平不符，希望有更加明智的方式解决这一问题，这说明她对现状并不满意。

A文章第四段作者提到这种绕圈式的互相推诿很有可能是源于内部计划的不完善而非刻意安排的策略。

B文章第五段提到IBM在2006年提交了关于智能邮件的该项专利。

D文章第五、第六和第九段分别提到该系统的特点包括智能确定度假者设定的回归时间、和电邮日程服务连接以及为out-of-office信息可信度评分。

对外经济贸易大学

2016年全国硕士研究生统一入学考试翻译硕士

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351英语翻译基础[冲刺模拟一

Part 1Terminology and Phrase Translation (30%)

Section one:Translate the following terms into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10point).

1.Phonemic contrast 6.Assimilation

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/3516278287.html,plementary distribution 7.Dissimilation

3.Back-formation 8.Semantic disambiguation

4.Bound morpheme 9.Paraphrase

Ambiguity

10.

Adaptation

Section Two:Translate the following terms into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points).

1.申报财产 6.停火协议

2.公开财产7.党要管党、从严治党

3.公开收入8.提案制

4.气候融资9.赢得连任

观察员国

10.

和平发展

Section Three:Give full forms of the following acronyms and translate them into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)

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1.APEC 6.NASA

2.IOC 7.ASEAN

3.ISO 8.SCO

4.OPEC 9.IAEA

WTO

10.

IMF

Part II Passage Translation (120%)

Section One:Translate the following passage into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points)

Washington Mutual Bank,known also as WaMu,rose out the ashes of the great Seattle fire to make its first home loan in 1890.By 2004,WaMu had become one of the nation’s largest financial institutions and a leading mortgage lender.Its demise just four years later provides a case history that traces not only the rise of high risk lending in the mortgage field,but also how those high risk mortgages led to the failure of a leading bank and contributed to the financial crisis of 2008.

For many years,WaMu was a mid-sized thrift,specializing in home mortgages.In the 1990s,WaMu initiated a period of growth and acquisition,expanding until it became the nation’s largest thrift and sixth largest bank,with $300billion in assets,$188billion in deposits,2,300branches in 15states,and over 43,000employees.In 2003,its longtime CEO,Kerry Killinger,said he wanted to do for the lending industry what Wal-Mart and others did for their industries,by catering to middle and lower income Americans and helping the less well off buy homes.Soon after,WaMu embarked on a strategy of high risk lending.By 2006,its high risk loans began

incurring record rates of delinquency and default,and its securitizations saw ratings downgrades and losses.In 2007,the bank itself began incurring losses.Its

shareholders lost confidence,and depositors began withdrawing funds,eventually causing a liquidity crisis.On September 25,2008,119years to the day of its founding,WaMu was seized by its regulator,the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS),and sold to JPMorgan Chase for $1.9billion.Had the sale not gone through,WaMu’s failure might have exhausted the $45billion Deposit Insurance Fund.Washington Mutual is the largest bank failure in U.S.history.

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This case study examines how one bank’s strategy for growth and profit led to the origination and securitization of hundreds of billions of dollars in poor quality

mortgages that undermined the U.S.financial system.WaMu had held itself out as a prudent lender,but in reality,the bank turned increasingly to higher risk loans.Its fixed rate mortgage originations fell from 64%of its loan originations in 2003,to 25%in 2006,while subprime,Option ARM,and home equity originations jumped from 19%of the originations to 55%.Using primarily loans from its subprime lender,Long Beach Mortgage Corporation,WaMu’s subprime securitizations grew sixfold,increasing from about $4.5billion in 2003,to $29billion in securitizations in 2006.From 2000to 2007,WaMu and Long Beach together securitized at least $77billion in subprime loans.WaMu also increased its origination of Option ARMs,its flagship product,which from 2003to 2007,represented as much as half of all of WaMu’s loan originations.In 2006alone,Washington Mutual originated more than $42.6billion in Option ARM loans and sold or securitized at least $115billion,including sales to the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac).In addition,WaMu dramatically increased its origination and

securitization of home equity loan products.By 2007,home equity loans made up $63.5billion or 27%of its home loan portfolio,a 130%increase from 2003.

At the same time that WaMu was implementing its High Risk Lending Strategy,WaMu and Long Beach engaged in a host of shoddy lending practices that contributed to a mortgage time bomb.Those practices included qualifying high risk borrowers for larger loans than they could afford;steering borrowers to higher risk loans;accepting loan applications without verifying the borrower’s income;using loans with teaser rates that could lead to payment shock when higher interest rates took effect later on;promoting negatively amortizing loans in which many borrowers increased rather than paid down their debt;and authorizing loans with multiple layers of risk.In addition,WaMu and Long Beach failed to enforce compliance with their lending standards;allowed excessive loan error and exception rates;exercised weak oversight over the third party mortgage brokers who supplied half or more of their loans;and tolerated the issuance of loans with fraudulent or erroneous borrower information.They also designed compensation incentives that rewarded loan personnel for issuing a large volume of higher risk loans,valuing speed and volume over loan quality.(WALL STREET AND THE FINANCIAL CRISIS:Anatomy of a Financial Collapse)

Section Two:Translate the following passage into English.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(60points)

“初次分配体制改革是缩小收入差距的关键。”吴敬琏说，分配改革不能止于政府抑富扶贫的零散措施，而应是一整套完善经济和社会体制的系统努力，它至少包括：第一，改变粗放经济发展模式，转而依靠知识、技术创新和劳动效率。这样，劳动者的收入水涨船高，促进消费，扩大内需，形成良性循环。第二，政府依法行政，取缔不合理的行政许可和行政审批，铲除寻租的制度基础。第三，下决心破除特权既得利益和传统意识形态的阻碍，继续推进国有经济的改革，把被少数人和少数企业占用的社会资源从

垄断部门的行政垄断下解放出来，通过企业之间的平等竞争实现有效配置，为社会大众创造财富。第四，完善财税体制，为社会低成本地提供公共物品和实现公共服务的均等化。第五，建立能够持续运转的社会保障体系，为全民提供基本的医疗、养老等保障。育明教育针对冲刺押题班学员、1对1学员、集训保分班学员另有6套密卷，欢迎咨询。第六，改善教育体系，使每一个要求上进的公民都有通过学习提高自己的知识和能力的机会。

中国经济体制改革研究会副会长陈剑持类似观点。他说，收入分配问题是一个综合性问题，单兵突击式的改革已难以为继，需要全面改革方能保障和改善民生。需要深化行政、财税、社会保障、就业、教育、医疗卫生、国企、户籍等制度改革，需要推进区域之间协调发展和城乡一体化发展，只有通过采取综合措施，收入分配制度改革才会起到实效。特别是要深化政治体制改革，加强对权力的制约，打击腐败，才能从根本上缓解收入分配不公问题。（《经济参考报》2012年12月10日文章《中央经济工作会议前瞻：明年收入分配改革或提速》）

351英语翻译基础[冲刺模拟一参考答案

第一部分术语翻译（共30分）

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第一节：术语英译汉（10分）1.音位对立 6.同化2.互补分布7.异化3.逆构词法8.语义消歧4.粘着语素9.释译5.

歧义

10.

归译

第二节：术语汉译英（10分）1.To report assets 6.Cease/truce-fire agreement

2.Disclose assets 7.the Party supervises its own conduct and enforces strict discipline

3.Disclose income 8.Motion system

4.Climate financing 9.To win re-election

Non-member observer state

10.

Peaceful development

第三节：缩略语全称及汉译英（10分）

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经贸合作组织（亚太经合组织） 6.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

美国国家航空和航天管理局

2.International Olympic Committee 国际奥林匹克委员会（国际奥委会）7.Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟（东盟）

International Organization for Standardization

Shanghai Cooperation Organization

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国际标准化组织上海合作组织（上合组织）4.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

石油输出国组织（欧佩克）9.

International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构

World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织（世贸组织）

10.

International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织

第二部分篇章翻译（共120分）

第一节：篇章英译汉（60分）（略）第一节：篇章英译汉（60分）（略）

2012年对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析

育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。对外经济贸易大学2012年翻译硕士MTI真题 I.Phrase Translation Balance sheet:资产负债表 International arbitration:国际仲裁 Tax agent:税务代理人 Debenture:公司债券 Gross weight:毛重，总重量 Generalized system of preference:普通优惠制 Fixed cost:固定成本 Stock listing:股票上市 Random access:随机存取 Profit before tax:税前利润按揭：Mortgage 薄利多销：small profits but quick returns 补贴：subsidy 动产抵押：Chattel Mortgage 进口报关单：declaration for importation 房地产：Real Estate 分包合同：subcontract 股息：dividend 国民待遇：national treatment 市场调查：market research

AMIS：自适应多媒体信息系统（Adaptive Multimedia Information System）/农业管理信息系统(Agricultural Management Information System) BHD：黑鹰坠落(Black Hawk Down)/舱壁 CBRC：中国银监会(China Banking Regulatory Commission) DPOB:出生时间和地点(date and place of birth) FEM:有限元法(finite element method) MTN:中期票据(medium-term notes) MSP:管理服务提供商(Management Service Provider) NNW:国民福利指标（Net National Welfare） PAO:典藏学术期刊全文资料库（Periodicals Archive Online） SAC:中国证券业协会（securities association of China）/中国国家标准化管理委员会(Standardization Administration of China) II.Passage translation Section A English to Chinese The concept captured the zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many young people,especially those in the counterculture,had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality.But by the end of the1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macintosh as a warrior for the latter cause—a cool, rebellious,and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation’s plan for world domination and total mind control. Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny.Apple’s stock price kept dropping,and by March2003even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of$75million worth of shares,which amounted to about$8.3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in1997through the end of the vesting in2006.

2016年考研英语一真题及答案

2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及答案（完整版） Text 1 France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that" incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That's a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health -as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman （and many men ）that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques . The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement. In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter's main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and -shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry. 21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France [A] Physical beauty would be redefined [B] New runways would be constructed

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一)

考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案(一) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) 一、经济学史 Economics, as we know it, is the social science concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. Economists focus on the way in which individuals, groups, business enterprises, and governments seek to achieve efficiently any economic objective they select. (46) Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts. Standard economics can be divided into two major fields. (47) The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes. Microeconomics assumes that people behave rationally. Consumers try to spend their income in ways that give them as much pleasure as possible. As economists say, they maximize utility. For their part, entrepreneurs seek as much profit as they can extract from their operations.

对外经济贸易大学历年考研分数线

对外经济贸易大学2012年硕士研究生各专业复试分数线学术型学位类招生学院专业名称单科（满分 =100分）单科（满分>100）总分（001）国际经济贸易学院（020202）区域经济学 50 75 370 （020203）财政学370 （020204）金融学390 （020205）产业经济学370 （020206）国际贸易学380 （020209）数量经济学370 （020104）西方经济学370 （020106）人口、资源和环境经济学370 （002）金融学院（020204）金融学390 （003）国际商学院（120201）会计学360 （120202）企业管理360 （120204）技术经济及管理360 （004）信息学院（020204）金融学370 （020205）产业经济学370 （005）法学院（030101）法学理论 42 63 335 （030103）宪法学与行政法学335 （030105）民商法学335 （030106）诉讼法学335 （030107）经济法学335 （030109）国际法学350 （006）英语学院（050211）外国语言学及应用语言学 52 78 373 （050201）英语语言文学373 （007）外语学院（050202）俄语语言文学355 （050203）法语语言文学355 （050204）德语语言文学350 （050205）日语语言文学350 （050207）西班牙语语言文学355 （050208）阿拉伯语语言文学355 （050209）欧洲语言文学350 （050210）亚非语言文学355 （008）公共管理学院（120401）行政管理50 75 358

2016考研英语一真题及答案

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