非谓语动词复习纲要(二)——动名词
非谓语动词复习纲要（二）——动名词
天津南开大学附中张少华
【基本概念】
1.现行高中教材中将动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。这样处理英语传统语法项目的初衷是简化语法术语、淡化语法概念，让学生更多地通过语感掌握其用法。然而，在教学实践中却遇到了另外一些不好解决的问题。其一，取消了“现在分词”的概念之后，增加了“现在分词和过去分词的区别”这一关键知识的教学难度：其二，混淆动名词和现在分词的概念使得属于动名词范围的一些细节问题的教学不容易开展，如动名词做宾语的问题、分词和动名词的逻辑主语问题等。
现在分词和动名词都可以做定语和表语，概念却有所不同。遇到这些问题完全可以采取淡化或者回避的办法，就如同我们很少强调形容词做定语、表语同名词做定语、表语的区别一样。学生能够领悟其中的区别更好，不能理解也无关紧要。
2.动名词在书写形式上同现在分词相同，但语法概念和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用，在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。
例1：动名词做主语
Using body language in a correct way will help communicate with people and make the stay in a foreign country easy and comfortable. ( P.16, Senior Book2A ) Checking information is very important. ( P.20, Senior Book2A )
Doing this can save a lot of time and money. (P.20, Senior Book2A )
Learning new words and useful expressions is very important for me. ( P.22, Senior Book2A)
例2：动名词做宾语
After a short while he started directing films himself. ( P.26, Senior Book2A )
Disney stopped drawing and watched the mouse. ( P.2, Senior Book2A )
例3：动名词做介词的宾语
Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening. (P.3, Senior Book 1B )
after在句中为介词，动名词opening 做介词的宾语，形容词性物主代词its是动名词的逻辑主语。
The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child. ( P.38, Senior Book2 )
I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. ( P.35, Senior Book2B )
having been 是动名词being的完成式，做介词for 的宾语。
【关键知识】
动名词一章的关键知识是动名词做宾语同不定式做宾语的区别。这种区别根据“约定俗成”的原则成为语法规则，因此没有过多的道理可讲。牢牢记住这些规则，
在语言实践中能够熟练地运用，便是最好的学习方法。
1.下列动词只能用动名词做宾语，不能用不定式：suggest, finish, enjoy, practise, miss, avoid, re quire, delay, excuse, pardon, consider, deny, escape, can?t help 等。
Besides, I enjoy learning about new things from politics to sports and music. ( P.22, Senior Book2A)
Then for a period of several weeks we practise doing the play. ( P.25, Senior
Book2A)
2.一些动词后用动名词做宾语和用不定式做宾语意思不同。
①remember, forget, regret后用动名词做宾语表示已经发生过了的动作；用不定式做宾语表示将要发生或尚未发生的动作。
remember to do 表示记住要去做某事；remember doing表示记得曾经做过某事。regret doing表示后悔做了某事；regret to say (tell)表示遗憾地说（告诉）。
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh, I forgot ______. (1991年全国高考试题)
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
答案为C。句子的意思是“我刚才忘记了关灯”，“关灯”的动作没有发生。
---- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
---- Well, now I regret ______ that. （1995年全国高考试题）
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. to have done
D. having done
答案为D。having done是动名词doing的完成式，表示该动作先于谓语动作，句子的意思是“后悔在会议上提出反对意见”。
②try to do 表示“设法做”（克服困难、障碍努力做）；try doing表示“试着做”（对结果没有把握，尝试去做，看看是否可以）。
The little time we have together we try ______ wisely. (上海市1995年高考试题)
A. spending it
B. to spend it
C. to spend
D. spending that
the little time we have together是spend的宾语，前置以示强调。正确的答案为C。
③like (love) to do 表示具体的一次性动作；like (love) doing表示倾向性的动作。
Little Tom should love ______ to the theatre this evening. （1992年全国高考试题）
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taken
答案为A。时间状语暗示了应该考虑“一次性动作”。本试题中little Tom和谓语动词take(带领)为动宾关系，必须注意被动概念的使用。
④动词need的用法同动名词做宾语有密切的关系。
a)当主语是表示“人”的词语时，通常主语和need为主谓关系，need 的宾语用动词不定式的主动式。
Right now you need to stay still until help comes. ( P.43, Senior Book2B)
b)当主语是表示“事”或“物”的词语时，主语同need往往为动宾关系。这时，
用need to be done或need doing 均可，但要注意need doing 是用动名词的主动式表示被动的概念。
These shoes need repairing.
These shoes need to be repaired.
You have come just in time to help us.”
“Fine. What needs ______?” (1985年广东高考试题)
A. I do
B. done
C. to be done
D. to do
答案为C。what是句子的主语，表示事物。
⑤stop to do 和stop doing 的语法结构不同，因此意思也就不同。stop doing中的doing 是动名词做宾语，表示stop动作的对象，意思为“停止做某事”。Stop to do 中的不定式to do 是目的状语，表示“停止正在做的事的目的是要做某事”。
"Let's have a break."
"Not now. I don't want to stop ______ yet." （1985年广东高考试题）
A. study
B. to study
C. for studying
D. studying
答案为D。
⑥mean doing 的意思是“意谓着”、“就是”。
I meant to tell you yesterday, but you were not in the office.(P.13, Senior Book2B)
Missing the train means waiting for an hour.
mean to do 的意思是“意欲做……”或“打算做……”。
What do you mean to do?
【相关知识及其运用】
1.动名词的逻辑主语
动名词的逻辑主语表示动名词所代表的动作是谁做的。动名词逻辑主语规范的表达形式是：①无生命的内容用名词的一般形式。②有生命的内容如果是名词，用该名词的所有格；如果是代词，则用形容词性物主代词。
He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.
译文：他总是坚持让别人称呼他特纳博士而不是特纳先生。
his 是动名词being called的逻辑主语，但同call 构成被动关系。如果是主动关系应为call him Dr. Turner。
再看下列两道试题：
They insisted on ______ a thorough rest before going back to work.
A. him to take
B. he took
C. his taking
D. his taken
答案为C。
______ made her mother very angry.
A. Helen?s married Jack
B. Helen has married Jack
C. Helen marrying Jack
D. Helen?s marrying Jack
答案为D。
2.动名词的完成式
所有非谓语动词的完成式都表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作，动名词的完成式也不例外。
Tony was very unhappy for ______ to the party. （2000年上海市高考试题）
A. having not been invited
B. not having invited
C. having not invited
D. not having been invited
答案为D。having been invited是动名词的完成被动式，表示否定的not必须放在动名词结构的最前面。
3.动名词的被动式
动名词的被动式同现在分词的被动式相同----being done。动名词被动式的使用主要看动名词和句子主语的逻辑关系：主谓关系用主动式，动宾关系用被动式。
While shopping, people sometimes can?t help ______ into buying something they don?t really need. （1996年上海市高考试题）
A. to persuade
B. persuading
C. being persuaded
D. be persuaded
can?t help 后必须用动名词做宾语，persuade 同句子主语people具有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此答案C正确。
He dare not go home for fear of ______ .
A. punishing
B. punished
C. being punished
D. to be punished
正确答案为C。
4.动名词做介词宾语时应注意的问题
动名词做介词的宾语一般情况同做动词的宾语没有区别。应注意的是，下列短语中的to不是动词不定式的符号，而是介词，因此如果需要使用动词的非谓语形式，必须使用动名词。
look forward to 盼望、预期be (get) used to 习惯于
object to 反对devote…to 献身于、专心于
get down to 认真着手进行、认真处理
They have just come here to get down to repairing the road.
We are looking forward to hearing from you.
Do you object to my closing the window?
【高考及各地模拟试题选编】
1.Our monitor suggested ______ a discussion of this subject. (1985年MET广州试题)
A. to have
B. should
C. have
D. having
2.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ______. （1987年MET广州试题）
A. catching
B. to be caught
C. being caught
D. to catch
3. ______ arriving at the spot, the police got down to ______ photos. （2000年郑州市高
三第三次质量检测试题）
A. As; take
B. As; taking
C. On; take
D. On; taking
4. I don?t think anybody likes ______ like that.. （2000年广州高三综合练习二）
A. treated
B. being treated
C. to treat
D. to have treated
5. These farmers ______ their income by ______ silkworms, chicken, ducks and so on. （2000年辽宁重点中学高考模拟试题）
A. raised; raising
B. increased; increasing
C. increased; rising
D. increased; raising
6. You must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to ______ you. （2000年哈尔滨市高考复习验收二）
A. seeing
B. see
C. having seen
D. have seen
7. ---- Carl is very homesick.
---- I hope ______ his brother here will make him happier. （同上）
A. have
B. him to have
C. he has
D. having
8. ______ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different colours. （2000年杭州市教学质量检测试题二）
A. Grow
B. Growing
C. Grown
D. Grew
9. Every minute is made full use of ______ our lessons.
A. to study
B. studying
C. studied
D. being studied
10. Jiang Zemin, ______, said that China is looking forward to ______. （2000年西安高考分卷练习试题）
A.Chinese top Party leader; improve
B. China?s top Party leader; improving
C. China?s top Party leader; improvement
D. the top Chinese Party leader; improving
11. ______ your business becomes international, ______ constantly will be part of your life. (2000年沈、大、哈、长高三联合测试题)
A. For; flying
B. Since; flight
C. Now that; flight
D. Once; flying
12.You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ______ your house. （2000年北京市西城区高三抽样试题一）
A. found
B. finding
C. to find
D. for finding
13.It may be helpful to keep a list of all the jobs that need ______. （2000年武汉部分学校高三调研测试题）
A. doing
B. to do
C. you do
D. you to do
14. At six o?clock in the evening, when a car ran through a truck it narrowly escaped
______ over. （2001年北京市崇文区高三统练试题一）
A. running
B. to be run
C. from running
D. being run
15.----What terrible weather! I simply can?t get the car ______ .
---- Why not try ______ the engine with hot water? （2001年北京市朝阳高三综合练习三）
A. starting; to fill
B. start; filling
C. started; to fill
D. to start; filling
16.The mother asked her daughter not to delay ______ the paper. （2001年北京市宣武区高三质量检测试题）
A. handing in
B. to hand in
C. hand in
D. having handed in
17. ----What has made Tommy so upset?
--- I believe ______ the game. It shocked him so much. （2001广州高中毕业班综合测试一）
A. for losing
B. lost
C. losing
D. because of losing
18.Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ______. （2001年上海市高考试题）
A.he?d like to collect coins as well
B. B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C.to collect coins is also his hobby
D.Collecting coins also give him great pleasure
19. Which do you enjoy ______ your weekends, fishing or watching TV? （2001年天津市高中质量调查试题）
A. spending
B. to spend
C. being spend
D. spend
20.----I knocked at your door, but nobody answered.
---= You should ______ the door dell.
A. trying touching
B. try to touch
C. have tried touching
D. have tried to touch
21. I hate ______ their complaints all day. One of these days I?ll tell them what I really think. （2001年南京市高三质量检测二）
A. paying attention to
B. to talk about
C. listening to
D. to have heard
22. ---- Is your brother going camping?
---- He?s signed up but he?s considering ______.（2001年合肥高三抽样试题）
A. not to go
B. not going
C. won?t go
D. not go
23. He didn?t seem to mind ______ TV while he was trying to study. （2002年北京市东城区总复习一）
A. them to watch
B. that they watch
C. their watching
D. watching
24.---- How did you get in touch with Mr. Bon?
---- Well, it seems to me th at you …ve forgotten ______ me. (2002年北京市朝阳区高三统练一)
A. to tell
B. to have told
C. telling
D. being telling
25. ---- Herry doesn?t seem like the same person.
---- ______ so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.（2002年北京市宣武区高三质量检测一）
A. For him to see
B. His seeing
C. Having seeing
D. To have seen
26. He has got used to ______ to everything himself. (2002年天津市高中质量调查试题)
A. leading
B. seeing
C. sticking
D. referring
27. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one?s skin. （2002年上海市高考试题）
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed
28. ----Do you remember ______ to Dr. Green during your last visit?
----Certainly I do. （2002年郑州高中毕业班质量预测三）
A. to be introduced
B. having introduced
C. being introduced
D. to have been introduce
29. Wind ______ electricity widely in many parts of the world.（2002年广州市高三综合测试二）
A. is used to produce
B. is used to producing
C. used to produce
D. used to producing
30. It was ______ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. （2002年福建达标中学高中毕业班质量检测试题）
A. to have played
B. playing
C. played
D. having played
高考及各地模拟试题答案：
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.B
5.D
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.A 10.B
11.D 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.D 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.B 20.C
21.C 22.B 23.C 24.C 25.C 26.B 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.B
非谓语动词分项练习之动名词
非谓语动词分项练习之动名词 1.We can't understand ______ a decision until it is too late. A. him to postpone to make B. his postponing to make C. him to postpone making D. his postponing making 2.It's no use______ with him. You might as well ______ with a stone wall. A. arguing, argue B. to argue, arguing C. arguing, arguing D. to argue, argue 3.The old man's ______ pity on the snake led to his own death. A. take B. taking C. being taken D. have 4.It is no good ______ today's work for tomorrow. A. to leave B. leaving C. that you leave D. leave 5.Some people's greatest pleasure is ______. A. fishing B. to fish C. to be fish D. being fishing 6.You didn't hear us come back last night. That's good. We tried ______ noisy. A. to not be B. not to be C. being not D. not being 7.You'll regret ______ those words. You may hurt her feelings. A. say B. to say C. saying D. to have said 8.You can keep the book until you ______. A. have finished reading B. finish to read C. will finish reading D. have finished to read 9.I'd ______ the operation unless it is absolutely necessary. A. rather not have B. rather not to have C. not rather had D. rather not having 10.Your mother and I are looking forward________ you. A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing 11.People couldn't help ______ the foolish girl. A. laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing 12.Remember ______ the book, when you have finished it. A. putting back B. having put back C. to put back D. will put back 13.Have you forgotten ______ $1000 from me last month? Will you please remember ______ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 14.We are looking forward to ______ another chance ______ it again. A. be given, to try B. have, to try C. giving, trying D. having, to try 15.-- "I usually go there by train." -- " Why not ______ by boat for a change?" A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 16.-- What do you think of the book? -- Oh. excellent, it's worth _______ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read 17.It is useless _____ to come now. He is busy. A. ask him B. to ask him C. that you ask him D. asking him 18.The classroom wants _________. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 19.Jack said that he wouldn't mind _________ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 20.Keep on ________ and you will succeed.
动词-ing 形式 非谓语动词,动名词,现在分词
动词-ing 形式 动词-ing形式由动词加-ing变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语及状语。 动词-ing形式不能单独作谓语,有时态和语态的变化。 主动形式被动形式 一般式doing being done 完成式having done having been done 否定形式: not+ -ing 构成 一、动词-ing形式作主语 1. 表示经常的、习惯性的动作或状态, 谓语动词通常用单数。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 无论对年轻人和老年人来讲, 走路是一种很好的锻炼。 Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在电视上看新闻已经成了我的一种日常习惯。Asking a woman’s age is impolite in some countries.在一些国家问一个女人的年龄是不礼貌的。 2. -ing形式作主语时常后置, 此时须用it作形式主语。如：It is no use / no good / fun / hard work / a hard (difficult) job / a waste of time / dangerous / worthwhile / useless + doing。如: It’s no use making an excuse for this. 为这件事找借口是没有用的。 It is no good waiting for other people to make decisions for you. 等别人替你做决定是没有用的。It’s a waste of time talking about such a useless thing. 谈论这样无用的事情简直是浪费时间。 二、动词-ing用作宾语 1. 只能后接动名词作宾语的动词, 常见的有：finish, enjoy, avoid, admit, keep, mind, imagine, risk, practice, appreciate, consider, escape, miss, suggest, can’t stand, can’t help, give up, feel like, put off, permit等。 2. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 意义差别不大的动词，常见的有: like, love, hate, prefer, begin, start, continue等。 3. 既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词, 但意义完全不一样的，常见的有：forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try等。 4. 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语。devote to, look forward to, stick to, be used to, object to(反对), pay attention to, get down to, lead to, be crazy about, be tired of, succeed in, have difficulty in等。 三、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面, 既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。如： printing factory = a factory for printing; the shopping center = the center for shopping; tiring music = music that is tiring; a surprising result = a result that is surprising 2. –ing 形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。 Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。 The building being built now is our new library. 现在正在建造的这栋楼房室我们的新图书馆。 3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 四、-ing形式作宾语补足语 1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面, 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作, 强调一个过程或一种状态。如： When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。 2. 能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： 1）、表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, watch, smell, feel, hear, find, notice, observe, catch, look at, listen to等。2）、表示指使意义的动词：have, leave, set, keep, get 等。 五、-ing形式作状语 -ing作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。 现在分词在句中作状语,表示动作发生的原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。 1.–ing 形式作时间状语 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. While walking along the road, Cruse caught sight of a poor dog. Having finished the work, they went out for a walk. 2.–ing 形式作原因状语
非谓语动词---------分词的用法及总结
非谓语动词---------分词的用法及总结 一.分词作状语 1. the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly. A．To ensure B．Ensuring C．Having ensured. D．To have ensured 2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day. （四川卷） A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water 3. The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, ________ in the natural light during the day. （天津卷） A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let 4. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. （浙江卷） A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven 5.A fire broke out in the building at about 7:30 on Tuesday morning, __ in the death of a young girl. A. having resulted B. resulted C. being resulted D. resulting 6._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. （安徽卷） A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked 7. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. （福建卷） A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited 8. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to wor k two more hours a day. （湖南卷） A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete 9. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. （陕西卷） A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show 10. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. （浙江卷） A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 11. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 12. –Did the book give the information you needed? （北京卷） –Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 13. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. A. To throw B. Throw C. Throwing D. Being thrown 14. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead. （重庆卷） A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 15. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (上海卷) A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located 二.分词作宾语补足语 1. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? （全国卷I） A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt 2. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him. （上海卷） A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
高考英语非谓语动词之分词
高考英语非谓语动词之分词 一、分词的时态与语态 1、现在分词的时态语语态 主动形式：一般式：完成式： 被动式：完成式： 其否定形式在分词前加not 2、过去分词： 1）（be）a student, she was interested in her study. 2) (study) in the university for three years, he knows it very well. 3) The building (build) now is our teaching building. 4) (criticize) by his teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 5) This is the book (write) by a famous writer. 6) (not know) how to handle the problem, she decided to turn to his teacher for help. 二、分词的用法（高考考点透析） 1.分词作 1）There are two roads before us, one (lead) to the beach, the other to the park. 2) The conference (hold) now is about world environment protection. 3) The conference (hold) last week is about world environment protection. 4) walked hard on the ground (cover) by/with snow. 5) The trees in the storm have been moved off the road.(湖南卷) A. being blown B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 现在分词作定语表示 过去分词作定语表示 2.分词作 1）The old man passed away, (leave) his son nothing but debts. 作状语 2) （hear）the disappointing news, he felt down. 作状语 3) The girl is leaning against the tree, (sing) a song. 作状语 4) (tell) me something about the matter, he left hurriedly. 作状语 5) (tell) many times, he didn’t make the same mistake again. 作状语现在分词的一般式做状语，即doing 形式，用法是 现在分词的完成式做状语，即having done形式，用法是 3.做补语（参见五·三P91非谓语动词作感官动词、使役动词 1）A cook will be fired if he is caught in the kitchen.(高考题) A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. to smoke 2）When I looked back in the supermarket, I suddenly found someone (smoke). 3) I’m delighted to see the project (perform) by the government.
非谓语动词——分词
第十六讲：非谓语动词——分词 教学重点： 掌握分词这一语法知识。了解这一语法知识在高考中的应用。 命题趋势： 分词的考点依次为作状语，作定语，做宾补及表语。一些固定的基本知识应记牢。 知识点回顾： 1.分词的基本概念： 分词也是非谓语动词之一。 分词在形式上有两种形式： （1）现在分词，动词原形 + ing（同动名词形式） （2）过去分词，（规则动词）动词原形 + ed （不规则动词）构成没有什么规律 3.分词在句中所能充当的成分 4.分词的用法 （1）分词做表语 ①跟在系动词之后 分词做表语，一般跟在be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear等系动词后面。 现在分词做表语：一般表主动或主语的性质和特征。含有“令人….”的意思。 主语多数为物。 过去分词做表语：一般表示被动或主语所处的状态。含有“感到….”的意思。 主语多数情况是人。 例如： The news sounds encouraging. His father seems pleased with his results. ②做表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词的区别 被动语态表示主语受到的动作表示主语的动作，而作表语的分词表示主语所处的状态。The blackboard was broken by LiMing. The blackboard is broken. ③作表语的现在分词和进行时态的现在分词的区别 作表语的现在分词表示主语的特征和性质。 The situation in our country is encouraging. 进行时态中的分词表示主语正在进行的动作。
非谓语动词现在分词
非谓语动词(一)——现在分词 考点一：现在分词作状语。 A、做时间状语 1. _____________________，he looked for them everywhere.(hold) （2011湖北卷） 他把钥匙握在手上，到处寻找. 2. _____________________to this area，the storm left .(cause) 暴风雨给这个地区造成巨大灾害后离开了。 B、做原因状语： 3. _____________________the programme , they have to stay there for another two weeks .(complete) 没有完成节目，他们不得不再呆两星期。 4.Accustomed to _____________________by others , the little boy likes ti be his own listener .(look) 习惯了被瞧人看不起，这个小男孩喜欢自己做自己的听众。 C、做条件状语 5. _____________________ ，We will visit you . (come) 如果我们来这个城市，我们会去拜访你的。 比较： 6. _____________________ ，We will start at six this afternoon .(permit) 天气允许的话，我们将今天下午六点出发。 D、做让步状语 7．_____________________,he still reapted the same mistakes .(tell) 虽然告诉了他很多次，可他仍然重复着同样的错误。 E、做伴随状语 8. The lady walked around the shops, _____________________bargains.（keep）(2010江西卷) 这位女士在商场转悠着，留意着里面的减价商品 9．The lawyer listened with full attention ,____________________any point . (try) (2010四川卷) 律师专注地听着，努力不错过任何要点。 F、做结果状语 10.More highways have been built in China,___________ for people to travel from one place to another. (make) (2011陕西卷) 更多的高速公路建造起来了，使人们更容易从一个地方旅行到另一个地方。 考点二：现在分词作定语 11.A medical team ____________________will come to our school tomorrow .(consist ) 由三人组成的医疗队明天回来我们学校。 考点三：现在分词做补足语 12.They use computers to keep the traffic __________________(smoothly) (2009全国卷2) 他们用电脑来保持交通运行顺利 考点四：现在分词做表语： 13.The day was so _________________(charm) 考点五：用在with复合结构中 14.With the boy ___________________, we had no difficulty in finding his house . (lead) 有这个孩子带路我们找到他的房子毫无困难。
非谓语动词-现在分词的讲解
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词-ing形式的要点 1．-ing的形式 2.-ing形式的基本用法 (1)作主语：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 (2)作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. (3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。She likes drawing very much. ②作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York. ③ do＋限定词(my, some, any, the等)＋v.-ing，表示“做…事”之如 do some cleaning打扫卫生do some shopping购物
④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics. ⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语： This book is well worth reading. 只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有： admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免put off 推迟keep 保持consider 考虑delay/ postpone 耽搁dislike 嫌恶resist 抵制mention 提及enjoy 喜欢escape 避免excuse 原谅practice 练习mind介意fancy想不到feel like 意欲finish 完成risk 冒险include 包括forgive 原谅give up 放弃suggest 建议miss 逃过imagine 想象can’t help 情不自禁involve 需要can’t stand无法忍受understand 理解 常见的带介词to的短语： be used to 习惯be related to 与……有关get down to 着手做contribute to 贡献put one’s mind to全神贯注于give rise to 引起 be equal to 胜任devote oneself to 献身于lead to 导致be opposed to 反对 look forward to 盼望object to 反对stick to 坚持pay attention to 注意 (4)作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. (5)作宾语补足语：We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词
非谓语动词之现在分词和动名词 今天我们来学习另外两种非谓语动词形式—现在分词和动名词。 现在分词和动名词的形式是一样的，都是doing，但它们的含义和用法存在很大差别，即便都可以做表语、定语，其含义也是大不相同的。 希望同学们通过今天的学习，能够真正领悟它们的用法和区别。 一.现在分词（The Present Participle）: doing 1、现在分词由动词加“ing”构成，表示主动或正在进行，主要起形容词、副词和动词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补等成份。 （1）作表语。（与主语存在主动的逻辑关系） The news is exciting. 这个消息令人兴奋。
The result is amazing. 这个结果令人惊异。 （2）作定语。（与被修饰词之间存在主动的逻辑关系） Do you know the young man standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下的年轻人吗？ The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt. 穿红外套的女人是我的阿姨。 （3）作状语。（与句子主语存在主动逻辑关系，并且与谓语动作同时发生） Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano .（时间状语） 经过这所房子的时候，他看到一个女孩正在弹钢琴。
A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果状语) 大量的土地已经与树木一起消失了，只留下了沙子。 They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”（伴随状语）他们弄醒了他们的父母，喊着“圣诞节快乐”。 （4）作宾补。（与宾语存在主动逻辑关系，并且与谓语动作同时发生） I hear a girl singing in the next room. 我听到一个女孩正在隔壁唱歌。 2、现在分词的否定式：not doing Not knowing where he is, she is feeling anxious. 不知道他在哪里，她感到非常焦急。
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词(过去分词)
英语语法归纳之非谓语动词（动名词） 敬告： 以下内容，不参加高考等有语法题（语法单选、语法填空、短文改错等）考试的应用类学员无须深究，知道该语法结构的存在，及其充当的句子成分和功能即可，应多花时间练习听说读写，否则就背离了语言学习真正目的。应试类学员有时间可以比较分析，基本搞懂。 过去分词长什么样？规则的情况下与动词过去式相同，当然有不规则的情况；过去分词可以充当定语、状语、补语、定语，不可能充当主语、宾语； 过去分词不像现在分词有多种体现时态和语态的形式，只有一种形式done表示。 1、过去分词可以充当主谓宾补句型中的宾语补语；它与宾语是被动关系，或者说它与宾语是动宾关系。 (1) We found the fish eaten by our cat. (2) I can’t make myself understood because of my poor English. 2、过去分词可以充当定语；充当定语当然是修饰主语、宾语等名性的结构；表达过去分词的动作是被动的或完成，或即被动又完成的。 (1) The party had last night (which was had last night) was very cheerful. (2) USA is a developed country (a country which has been developed). (3) A great number of students questioned (who had been questioned) said they were forced to practice the piano. 3、过分词可以充当状语，它与主句主语是被动关系，或者说它与主句的主语是动宾关系； 过去分词一般只强调被动动作而不强调时间，多用于条件和原因状语；(1) Taken in time, the medicine will turn out to be very effective. If the medicine is taken in time, it will turn out to be very effective. (2) Offered an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
非谓语动词用法详解
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 (一)不定式 不定式由“to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for十名词或代词宾格”构成． 1．不定式的用法： l)作主语．不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语．例如： To see is to believe． It is right to give up smoking． 2)作宾语．不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语．例如： He wanted to go． I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语．例如： He asked me to do the work with him. 注意：在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如 I often hear him sing the song． He is often heard to sing the song． 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to．如： She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go． 动词help之后，带to或不带to都可以。 Will you please help me (to) take this suitcase? 请你帮我提一下这个衣箱好吗？She often helps her mother (to) clean their house. 她经常帮助她妈妈打扫房子。 4)作定语．例如： I have some books for you to read． 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如： He is looking for a room to live in． There is nothing to worry about．
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,
非谓语动词之过去分词
Unit 1过去分词做定语和表语 Part 1 过去分词作定语 [例句] 仔细观察下列句子中的过去分词的用法。 1. The polluted water was to blame. 2. We should also respect the retired workers. 3. Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples. 4. He is a teacher loved by his students. 5. The student dressed in white is my daughter. = The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. [归纳] 1. 过去分词作定语时，表示的动作在______之前发生，已经完成（见句1）。作定语的过去分词由_____动词变时，和所修饰的词语之间是________关系。 不及物动词的过去分词也可作定语，一般作前置定语，不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。如句2中的retired , 又如： _______________落叶；_________________升起的太阳。 2. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词_____（见句1、句2）。_____作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，表示被动或完成，其作用相当于一个______（见句3、句4、句5）。 [拓展] 2. 如果被修饰的词是由every / some / any / no + thing / body / one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those或these等时，即使是单一的过去分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town. 3. 过去分词短语有时还可用作非限制性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，前后用逗号分开。如： Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 【练一练】 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.This is the severely ___________(pollute) lake I mentioned to you the other day. 2.Huang Lin ______________(educate) in Germany has the ability to deal with such a situation well. 3. Do you know the number of books___________(order) by the library?