《五代史伶官传序》原文和翻译(word版)

《五代史伶官传序》原文和翻译

原文：标题：五代史伶官传序作者或出处：欧阳修

呜呼！盛衰之理，虽曰天命，岂非人事哉！原庄宗之所以得天下，与其所以失之者，可以知人矣。

世言晋王之将终也，以三矢赐庄宗，而告之曰：“梁，吾仇也；燕王，吾所立；契丹，与吾约为兄弟，而皆背晋以归梁。此三者，吾遗恨也。与尔三矢，尔其无忘乃父之志！”庄宗受而藏之于庙。其后用兵，则遣从事以一少牢告庙，请其矢，盛以绵囊，负而前驱，及凯旋而纳之。

方其系燕父子以组，函梁君臣之首，入于太庙，还矢先王，而告以成功，其意气之盛，可谓壮哉！及仇雠已灭，天下已定，一夫夜呼，乱者四应，仓皇东出，未及见贼，而士卒离散，君臣相顾，不知所归；至于誓天断发，泣下沾襟，何其衰也！岂得之难而失之易欤？抑本其成败之迹，而皆自于人欤？《书》曰：“满招损，谦受益。”忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身，自然之理也。

故方其盛也，举天下之豪杰莫能与之争；及其衰也，数十伶人困之，而身死国灭，为天下笑。夫祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺，岂独怜人也哉！作《伶官传》。

译文或注释：

唉！盛衰的道理，虽说是天命决定的，难道说不是人事造成的吗？推究庄宗所以取得天下，与他所以失去天下的原因，就可以明白了。

世人传说晋王临死时，把三枝箭赐给庄宗，并告诉他说：“梁国是我的仇敌，燕王是我推立的，契丹与我约为兄弟，可是后来都背叛我去投靠了梁。这三件事是我的遗恨。交给你三枝箭，你不要忘记你父亲报仇的志向。”庄宗受箭收藏在祖庙。以后宗庄出兵打仗，便派手下的随人官员，用猪羊去祭告祖先，从宗庙里恭敬地取出箭来，装在漂亮的丝织口袋里，使人背着在军前开路，等打了胜仗回来，仍旧把箭收进宗庙。

当他用绳子绑住燕王父子，用小木匣装着梁国君臣的头，走进祖庙，把箭交还到晋王的灵座前，告诉他生前报仇的志向已经完成，他那神情气慨，是多么威风！等到仇敌已经消灭，天下已经安定，一人在夜里发难，作乱的人四面响应，他慌慌张张出兵东进，还没见到乱贼，部下的兵士就纷纷逃散，君臣们你看着我，我看着你，不知到哪里去好；到了割下头发来对天发誓，抱头痛哭，眼泪沾湿衣襟的可怜地步，怎么那样的衰败差劲呢！难道说是因为取得天下难，而失去天下容易才象这样的吗？还是推究他成功失败的原因，都是由于人事呢？《尚书》上说：“自满会招来损害，谦虚能得到益处。”忧劳可以使国家兴盛，安乐可以使自身灭亡，这是自然的道理。

因此，当他兴盛时，普天下的豪杰，没有谁能和他相争；到他衰败时，数十个乐官就把他困住，最后身死国灭，被天下人耻笑。祸患常常是由一点一滴极小的错误积累而酿成的，纵使是聪明有才能和英勇果敢的人，也多半沉溺于某种爱好之中，受其迷惑而结果陷于困穷，难道仅只是溺爱伶人有这种坏结果吗？

于是作《伶官传》。

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