【南方凤凰台】2015届高考英语二轮提优(江苏专用)专题一(1)

第二节导学精练

冲刺薄弱点(一)词义辨析题

词义辨析题包括名词、代词、形容词、副词和动词(短语)辨析。在2014年高考单项填空题中,词义辨析题是必考题,而且考查比例逐年上升。它主要考查考生结合句子语境区分同义词或近义词意义、用法的能力。命题的特点主要是利用选项词汇或短语的意义交叉来干扰考生的思维,从而达到考查的目的。另外要注意的是,考查高频词汇和短语的新意思(即我们通常所说的“熟词生义”)是近几年高考的一大趋势。

名词辨析

要点一

重点掌握某些近义词的辨析,如:approach,method,way;affair,matter,business,event;condition, situation, state; position, location; effect, influence等。

要点二

词形类似的名词也经常考查,如:appreciation n.感谢,感激,评价,评估,欣赏;apprehension n.忧虑,担心,恐惧,逮捕。

1. (2014·江苏卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained

a powerful in last year’s election.

A. symbol

B. portrait

C. identity

D. statue

2. (2014·福建卷)—Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes? —Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.

A. feature

B. plan

C. cost

D. trick

3. (2014·天津卷)Wind is now the world’s fastest growing of power.

A. source

B. sense

C. result

D. root

【解题思路】

1. A 句意:虽然两年前就已遭软禁,但她在去年的选举中仍然是一个有影响力的象征。symbol:象征,标志,符号,记号;portrait:肖像;identity:身份;statue:雕像,塑像。根据句意可知选A项。

2. D 句意:——你能告诉我做出如此可口的蛋糕的方法吗?——我只是按照食谱上的说明方法去做的。feature:特点,特征;plan:计划;cost:成本,费用;trick:戏法,把戏,计谋,诀窍,骗局,方法。根据句意可知前者询问的是做蛋糕的“方法”。故选D项。

3. A 句意:风力是现在世界上增长速度最快的电力来源。source:根源,来源,源头;sense:感觉,知觉;result:结果;root:根,根源,起因,根基。根据句意可知source of power指“电力来源”。故选A项。

代词辨析

要点一

all, none, any, both, neither, either是考试中常见的知识点,做此类问题时应把握一个基本原则:先判断范围,再判断肯否。这里的“范围”指所谈论的问题是涉及两者之间,还是三者或三者以上之间;这里的“肯否”指的是判断句意是肯定的,还是否定的。

考生还应注意:

(1) not...any相当于none;

(2) not...either相当于neither;

(3) none既可以用来指sb.,也可以用来指sth.,其后常接of短语,通常用来作“How much...?”问句的否定回答;no one相当于nobody,通常用来作“Who...?”问句的否定回答,并不表示范围,故其后不接of短语。

要点二

在高考中,(the) other, (the) others, another是常考的知识点,内容如下:

1. another作“再……”或“又……”解。

2. (the) other作“其他的……”解,其后通常要接名词复数,加the时表示特指。

3. the other还可以表示“两者中的另一个”,常用于“one...the other...”结构。

4. (the) others也表示“其他的……”,相当于“the other+名词复数”,但(the) others后不能再接名词了。

要点三

(the) one, (the) ones, that, those和it的用法是高考中常考的内容,其主要用法如下:

1. (the) one, (the) ones, those与it都既可以指代sb.,也可以指代sth.,而that只能用来指代sth.。另外,(the) one用来指代可数名词单数,(the) ones指代名词复数,those也用来指代名词复数,that既可以指代可数名词单数,也可以指代不可数名词。

2. one表示泛指,相当于“a(an)+可数名词单数”,the one表示特指,相当于“the+可数名词单数”;ones表示泛指,相当于“名词复数”,the ones相当于“the+名词复数”。

3. that表示特指,相当于“the+不可数名词/可数名词单数”,that此时后接介词短语或分词等作定语(当that指代表示sth. 的可数名词单数时,that可以与the one 进行互换)。

4. those表示特指,其后通常接介词短语或分词等作定语(those可以与the ones 互换)。

5. it用来特指上文提到的名词或名词性结构。

1. (2014·浙江卷)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

A. each

B. it

C. this

D. one

2. (2014·安徽卷)You can ask anyone for help. here is willing to lend

you a hand.

A. One

B. No one

C. Everyone

D. Someone

3. (2014·福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while

in , knives and forks.

A. another

B. others

C. both

D. all

【解题思路】

1. B 考查代词的用法。句意:去年加利福尼亚全年的平均降水量只有18.75厘米,使得这一年成为加利福尼亚1850年建州以来最干旱的一年。此处it指last year。

2. C 句意:你可以向任何一个人求助,这里的每个人都乐意帮助你。one:某一个人/物(指代可数名词单数,表示泛指);no one(=nobody):没有人;everyone:每个人(强调全体);someone:某个人。根据句意可知本句中的everyone强调“所有人都乐意帮助你”。故选C项。

3. B 句意:在一些国家,人们使用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们使用刀叉。another通常指三者或三者以上范围中的另外一个,表示泛指;others指其他人或物(没有范围限制的);both指两者都;all指三者或三者以上都。本句中没有任何的范围限制,所以使用others指代“其他国家”。故选B项。

形容词和副词辨析

要点一

多个形容词作定语时的基本的顺序为:

限定词[a(an), the, these, those]+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍 (Chinese)+材料 (wood)+用途 (writing)+被修饰的名词 (desk)。称之为“描大形新颜国材”。

要点二

掌握与比较级有关的特殊表达法:

(1) 否定+比较级=最高级

(2) more...than...与其……不如……

(3) no better than两者都不……

(4) the (比较级)...the (比较级)...越……越……

要点三

表示倍数的三个句型:

(1) ...times+as+形容词/副词原级+as...

(2) ...times+形容词/副词比较级+than...

(3) ...times+the+性质名词(length, width...)+of...

要点四

1. 比较级前的修饰语有:

程度副词(even, still, yet, rather, slightly, far, greatly, much等);

名词短语(a lot, a little, a great deal, a bit等);

数词(倍数、分数、百分数)等。

注意:any用在疑问句或否定句中。

2. 最高级前的修饰语有:

much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, ever, the first/second, not really, not quite等。

要点五

平时需多积累由形容词、副词组成的固定短语,如to be sure(的确), still less(更不用说,何况)等。

1. (2014·江苏卷)The idea “happiness”, , will not sit still for easy definition.

A. to be rigid

B. to be sure

C. to be perfect

D. to be

fair

2. (2014·大纲卷)I think Mrs Stark could be between 50 and 60 years of age.

A. anywhere

B. anybody

C. anyhow

D. anything

3. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It may not be a great suggestion. But before

is put forward, we’ll make do with it.

A. a good one

B. a better one

C. the best one

D. a best one

【解题思路】

1. B 句意:“幸福”这个概念的确不会一成不变、轻松定义。to be sure是固定短语,意为“的确,固然”。to be fair:说句公道话。

2. A 考查副词anywhere的用法。句意:我认为斯塔克夫人的年龄可能在50岁到60

岁之间。anywhere between... and...:在……到……之间。故选A项。

3. B 考查形容词的比较等级。句意:这个建议可能不是很好。但是在较好的建议被提出之前,我们会先采纳它。“a+比较级”表示“一个更……的”,题干中暗含着比较的含义,需使用比较级。故B项为正确答案。

动词和动词短语辨析

要点一

重点掌握某些近义词的辨析,如:admit, allow, permit; contain, include; receive, accept; want, wish, hope, expect; stay, remain, keep; test, examine, check, inspect; discover, uncover等。

要点二

重点掌握及物与不及物动词的辨析,如:rise, raise; lie, lay; answer, reply; look, see; arrive, reach; seat, sit; exist, survive等。

要点三

重点掌握延续性与非延续性动词的辨析:

(1) 延续性动词:eat, write, work, live, talk, carry, study, exist, collect等。

(2) 非延续性动词:buy, die, join, marry, leave, come, arrive, go, begin 等。

要点四

既可以作实义动词又可作连系动词的动词,如:look, appear, feel, taste, sound, smell等。

要点五

重点掌握动词构成的动词短语辨析,如:get, come, look, put, turn, take, set, ask, have, join, care, pay, send, carry, hold, keep, think, make, give, pick, hand, let, hear, deal等。

特别提示:对于动词短语,可以尝试一下“情景记忆法”。如:

1. A banana skin fell off the table. The little girl didn’t see it, but slipped on it and fell over. What’s worse, her bowl fell to pieces. Quickly, her mother ran in and picked her up. I don’t fall in with her way of educating children. If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything, the girl will fall behind others in time.

香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来了。小女孩没有看见。她踩在上面滑倒了。更糟的是,

她的碗打得粉碎。她的妈妈立刻跑进来扶起她。我不赞同她教育孩子的方式。如果小女孩养成事事依赖父母的习惯,她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。

2. Steven and his brother Jack takes after each other very much. People often take Jack for Steven. But Jack took over his father’s company when he graduated from college. Because each time his father asked them to carry out a plan, Steven just took it down word by word, but Jack took a chance by changing it. Jack took on many workers and promised to improve their work

conditions. Later he found it difficult, but he never took back what he said. He believed his business would take off soon.

斯蒂芬和他的弟弟杰克长得很像。人们常把杰克误认为是斯蒂芬。但是当杰克大学毕业后他接管了他父亲的公司。因为每次他的父亲让他们执行计划时,斯蒂芬只是一字不差地记下它们,而杰克会改变计划来冒险。杰克雇佣了很多工人,并且承诺改善他们的工作条件。后来他发现这很难,但他决不会收回他说的话。他相信他的企业很快就会腾飞的。

1. (2014·江苏卷)Top graduates from universities are by major companies.?

A. chased

B. registered

C. offered

D. compensated

2. (2014·江苏卷)—Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

—I see. I’ll go right away and .

A. pay him back

B. pay him off

C. put him away

D. put him off

3. (2014·安徽卷)Terry, please your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you.

A. look up from

B. look into

C. look back on

D. look through

4. (2014·安徽六校高三联考)If we just bring over products developed for the US market,we will soon be to just competing on price.

A. made

B. intended

C. reduced

D. forced

【解题思路】

1. A 句意:对于大学的优秀毕业生,大公司抢着要。chase:追求,追逐;register:登记,注册;offer:提供;compensate:补偿,赔偿。根据句意可知选A项。

2. B 考查动词pay及put的短语辨析。句意:——爸爸,我认为奥利弗并不是这份工作的合适人选。——我明白,我马上就付清他的工钱打发他走。pay sb. back:还某人钱;pay sb. off:付清工资后解雇,遣散;put sb. away:将某人送进监狱(或精神病院);put sb. off:使不信任,使疏远。根据句意可知选B项。

3. A 句意:特里,当奶奶和你说话的时候,从手机上抬起头来(别老是低头看手机)。look up:查找,抬头看;look into:调查,研究;look back on:回顾,回忆;look through:仔细检查,看穿。根据句意可知选A项。

4. C 句意:如果我们只是把为美国市场开发的产品拿过来,那么我们将很快沦落到只能打价格战的境地。be reduced to doing sth.:沦落到做某事。

及时训练

(一)

1. You don’t have to dress up. The party is pretty . We only need to bring a bottle of wine.

A. adventurous

B. casual

C. comfortable

D. beneficial

2. It’s said that the new campus of the school is now what it was.

A. twice much large than

B. large as twice as

C. twice as large as

D. as twice larger as

3. Although reports suggested his injuries were not life-threatening, he was later listed as being in critical condition.

A. urgent

B. immediate

C. updated

D. initial

4. Having worked for just two weeks, he is to those who have been in the company for a long time.

A. senior

B. advanced

C. junior

D. former

5. Your job here is only , for you will be removed from it when we have a proper post for you.

A. professional

B. temporary

C. appropriate

D. permanent

6. —How do you like the book?

—It’s quite different from I read last month.

A. that

B. that what

C. which

D. the one

7. Messi, only 25, has won his as one of the world’s greatest soccer players.

A. reputation

B. achievement

C. contribution

D. civilization

8. The speech from the new government is a that major changes are on the way.

A. notice

B. feature

C. signal

D. mark

9. Some people say that Mars should be protected as a wildlife reserve where we do everything possible to avoid pollution, on the that life could exist on it.

A. assumption

B. arrangement

C. assistance

D. appointment

10. to know about his sister’s present situation, Tom couldn’t fall asleep the whole night until he finally received her phone and was told she was all right.

A. Ashamed

B. Uncomfortable

C. Anxious

D. Awkward

11. The charity sale our school organizes every year has taught us much.

we would never have learned it in class.

A. Therefore

B. Meanwhile

C. Otherwise

D. Instead

12. Great inventors don’t graduate from famous universities. Some didn’t even go to university.

A. really

B. nearly

C. necessarily

D. likely

13. My father read through my composition and quite a few spelling mistakes in it.

A. sought

B. issued

C. spotted

D. consulted

14. The sooner we students the new school life, the better it will be for our studies.

A. admit to

B. adjust to

C. devote to

D. look into

15. The director asked me to finish this task by Sunday. How can I to?

A. decide

B. happen

C. try

D. manage

【解题思路】

1. B 考查形容词辨析。句意:你没有必要打扮,这个聚会是非正式的,我们只需要带瓶酒就行了。adventurous:冒险的;casual:非正式的;comfortable:舒适

的;beneficial:有益的。根据“You don’t have to dress up.”可知选B项。

2. C 考查倍数表达法(倍数+as+adj.+as...,或是“倍数+比较级+than”的结构)。句意:据说这所学校现在的新校园是过去的两倍大。

3. D 考查形容词辨析。句意:虽然最初的报告说他的伤不会危及生命,但是后来他被列为处在危急的状况中。urgent:紧急的;immediate:立刻的;updated:更新

的;initial:最初的,开始的。根据句意可知选D项。

4. C 考查形容词辨析。句意:他只工作了两个星期,比起那些已经在公司里工作很长时间的人来说资历还较浅。senior:高级的,资历深的,年龄较大的;advanced:高级

的;junior:地位低下的,青少年的;former:前者。根据句意可知选C项。

5. B 考查形容词辨析。句意:你在这里的工作只是暂时的,因为当我们发现有适合你的岗位时,你就会被调离。professional:专业的;temporary:暂时的;appropriate:合适的;permanent:永久的。根据句意可知选B项。

6. D 考查代词辨析。句意:——你认为这本书怎么样?——它和我上个月读的那本书完全不同。根据句意可知此处是把上个月读的那本书和这本书进行比较,that指代不可数名词,排除A项;from后如果跟宾语从句,不用that引导,which强调选择范围,故排除B、C项。故选D项。

7. A 考查名词辨析。句意:只有25岁的梅西已经赢得了世界上最好的一名足球运动员的名誉。reputation:名誉,名声;achievement:成就,成绩;contribution:贡献,捐助;civilization:文明。根据句意可知选A项。

8. C 考查名词辨析。句意:新一届政府的演讲是重大变革即将来临的信号。notice:布告;feature:特征;signal:信号;mark:标志。that major changes are on the way 是a signal的同位语从句。故选C项。

9. A 考查名词辨析。句意:假设火星有生命存在的话,一些人说火星应该被保护起来作为一个野生动物保护区,在这个地方做我们所能做的来避免污染。assumption:假定;arrangement:安排;assistance:帮助;appointment:委任。

10. C 考查形容词辨析。句意:渴望得知妹妹的现状,汤姆整晚都睡不着直到最后接到她的电话被告知她一切都好。ashamed:羞耻的;uncomfortable:不舒服的;anxious:焦虑的,渴望的;awkward:令人尴尬的,笨拙的。be anxious to do sth.:渴望做某事,非常希望做某事。故选C项。

11. C 考查副词辨析。句意:我们学校每年组织的义卖已经教了我们很多。这在课堂上我们是学不到的。therefore:因此;meanwhile:同时;otherwise:否则,另外,在其他方面;instead:代替,反而,却。根据句意可知选C项。

12. C 考查副词辨析。句意:伟大的发明家未必毕业于著名的大学。有些人甚至都没有上过大学。really:真正地;nearly:几乎;necessarily:必要地;likely:很可能。not necessarily:未必,不一定。根据后句内容可知发明家不一定都是著名大学毕业。故选C项。

13. C 考查动词辨析。句意:我爸爸通读了我的作文并且发现了一些拼写错误。seek:寻找;issue:发行;spot:发现;consult:咨询。根据句意可知选C项。

14. B 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们学生越快适应新学校的生活,对我们的学习就越好。admit to:承认;adjust to:适应;devote to:致力于;look into:调查。

15. D 考查动词辨析。句意:主管要求我周日前完成这项任务。我怎么才能做到呢?decide:决定;happen:碰巧,发生;try:尝试;manage:设法做,经营,管理。manage to do sth.:设法做成某事。

(二)

1. Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it .

A. nowhere

B. however

C. otherwise

D. instead

2. I might fail, but I insist on doing it. I never lose heart.

A. someway

B. anyhow

C. then

D. meanwhile

3. Linda’s health is improving day by day,and the doctor has advised her to stay home for a couple of weeks.

A. frequently

B. gradually

C. fluently

D. actually

4. I wonder if this red dress is in a larger size. This one is too tight.

A. possible

B. acceptable

C. available

D. fashionable

5. —How did the interview go?

—Quite well. Not so smoothly as I expected, .

A. instead

B. either

C. though

D. as well

6. There was a long queue for coffee. Having waited for 10 minutes, we gave up.

A. absolutely

B. actually

C. eventually

D. occasionally

7. —Would you like a cake or a banana?

— is OK. I really don’t mind.

A. Both

B. None

C. Either

D. Neither

8. turned out that this material was neither silk nor cotton.

A. That

B. It

C. What

D. Which

9. I think I had at least a billion tests, including in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope.

A. that

B. the one

C. it

D. one

10. The police are trying to find out the of the woman murdered in the bathroom.

A. evidence

B. characteristic

C. status

D. identity

11. The media actually can play a positive role in consumer issues in some new areas, such as e-commerce and online finance services, which aren’t fully covered by current laws.

A. adjusting

B. announcing

C. addressing

D. acknowledging

12. —Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? —Well, you know, English is my . So it is my best choice.

A. strength

B. talent

C. ability

D. skill

13. Kate asked the girl to so that she could hear what her husband said on the phone.

A. slow down

B. come down

C. settle down

D. break down

14. The meeting between the presidents of those two countries in

Paris last week.

A. took apart

B. took action

C. took effect

D. took place

15. Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for building.

A. respect

B. friendship

C. reputation

D. character

【解题思路】

1. C 考查副词辨析。句意:感谢你指引我们去那栋房子。否则我们找不到。由后句中wouldn’t have found it可知是对过去的虚拟。nowhere:无处,哪里都不;however:然而;otherwise:否则;instead:代替,反而,却。

2. B 考查副词辨析。句意:我也许会失败,但是无论怎样,我会坚持做的。我永不灰心。someway(=somehow):以某种方法,不知为什么;anyhow:无论如何;then:然

后;meanwhile:同时。

3. B 考查副词辨析。根据improving和day by day可知,琳达的身体在一天天“逐渐地(gradually)”康复。frequently:频繁地;fluently:流利地;actually:实际上。

4. C 考查形容词辨析。句意:我想知道这件红裙子是否有稍大号的。这个太紧了。possible:可能的;acceptable:可接受的;available:可获得的,可购得的,可找到的,有空的;fashionable:流行的。

5. C 考查副词辨析。句意:——面试怎么样?——很好。可是没有我预期的那么顺畅。though位于句末,表示转折,意为“可是,然而”。

6. C 考查副词辨析。句意:等咖啡的队伍太长了。等了10分钟之后,我们最终放弃了。absolutely:绝对地;actually:实际上;eventually:最终,终于;occasionally:偶尔地。

7. C 考查代词辨析。句意:——你想要吃蛋糕还是香蕉?——哪个都行。我真的不在意。both:两者都;none:三者都不;either:两者中的任意一个;neither:两个都不。根据前句中的a cake 和a banana可知是在两者中选择,排除B项;根据空后内容可知

答话人不在意吃什么,所以是任意一个都行。故选C项。

8. B 考查代词辨析。句意:结果表明这种材料既不是丝绸也不是棉。固定句型:It turned out that...意为“原来是,结果是”。句中that this material was neither silk nor cotton是主语从句,it是形式主语。故选B项。

9. D 考查代词辨析。one是泛指,指可数名词单数;that,the one,it都是特指。本句意思指包括其中一次,是泛指的概念,故选D项。

10. D 考查名词辨析。句意:警察正努力查明在浴室被谋杀的妇女的身份。evidence:证据;characteristic:特征;status:地位;identity:身份。

11. C 考查动词辨析。句意:实际上,媒体在处理一些新的领域中消费者问题的时候起着积极的作用,像电子商务和网上的金融服务,这些在现在的法律中没有完全覆盖。adjust:适应,调整;announce:宣布;address:处理,对付,写姓名地

址;acknowledge:承认,感谢。play a...role in...:在……方面起……作用。

12. A 考查名词辨析。句意:——你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作?——你知道,英语是我的强项,所以这是我最好的选择。strength:力量,优势;talent:才能;ability:能力;skill:技能。

13. C 考查动词短语辨析。句意:凯特让这个女孩安静下来以便她能听清她丈夫在电话里说的内容。slow down:慢下来;come down:下来;settle down:定居下来,安静下来;break down:(机器)出故障,(人的身体)垮掉。根据so that从句的内容可知选C 项。

14. D 考查动词短语辨析。句意:上周那两个国家的领导人在巴黎会晤。take apart:拆卸,拆开;take action:采取行动;take effect:开始起作用;take place:进行,发生。

15. D 考查名词辨析。句意:独自徒步旅行很有趣,也有利于身体健康。它对于性格的塑造也有所帮助。 respect:尊重;friendship:友谊;reputation:名声;character:性格。character building:性格塑造。

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