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2019年全国各地中考英语说明文汇编

【2019年福建A B D B A】

Have you ever heard the phrase “You never get a second chance to make a first impression (印象)?” It may sound like an unusual piece of advice, but it is true --- the first impression someone has of you when meeting you for the first time will probably influence how that person treats you or reacts to you in the future.

What is even more interesting is that the brain takes in all the information to create that first impression in about three seconds. When you meet someone for the first time, by the time you have stated you name or shaken hands, the other person has already formed an opinion about the kind of person you are.

So how do you make a good first impression? All things grown-ups tell you --- such as being polite, and being well-dressed --- are very important. However, the most important tool for making a good first impression is your face. Smiling, being responsive, and looking like you are happy will almost always leave a positive ( 积极的) impression on people, especially those who do not know you. Most people, generally speaking, are ready to smile back when they are smiled at.

Furthermore, smiling and being in a positive mood helps you to know and get a better understanding of new things. This means that you can possibly be friendlier to people you do not know and be more creative and able to solve problems more quickly. So if you ever need a reason to be happy, think about the wonderful people you might meet --- and impress --- with a cheerful smile.

阅读短文，选择正确答案。

1. What does the underlined word “react” in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?

A. 回应

B. 道歉

C. 报告

D. 建议

2. Which paragraph shows how soon others form opinions on you?

A. Paragraph 1.

B. Paragraph 2.

C. Paragraph 3.

D. Paragraph 4.

3. What is the most important to leave good impressions?

A. Shaking hands.

B. Stating your name.

C. Dressing nicely.

D. Wearing a smile.

4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A. Friendliness helps solve problems.

B. Being positive helps you find a way out.

C. There are many reasons to be happy.

D. Thinking of great people cheers you up.

5. What would be the best title for the text?

A. The First Impression Does Count

B. Smiling Makes the First Impression

C. Manners Leave Deep Impressions

D. Impressions Decide Who You Are

【2019年兰州BDDDB】

At 8, 844, 43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is the tallest mountain on Earth. While it is famous for its beautiful views, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: rubbish. Every year, thousands of visitors throw away tons of rubbish, such as bottles and plastic bags.

According to the UN, over 140 tons of rubbish has been left on the mountain. To reduce rubbish, China is limiting(限制) the number of people who are allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain. Only 300 people will be allowed to climb it, and only during spring.

Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5,200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons(公吨) of rubbish。

This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan on a new clean-up activity. The local government is also setting up stations to sort(分类), recycle and break down rubbish collected from the mountain. A group of artists will also try to turn the rubbish into art works. They will show these works of art to remind people not to leave rubbish when climbing the mountain.

1. What problem are parts of Mount Qomolangma facing?

A. Air pollution.

B. Rubbish.

C. Noise.

D. Water pollution.

2. How many people will be allowed to climb up the north side of the mountain during spring?

A.140.

B. 5,200

C. 4 million.

D. 300.

3. The underlined word "removing" in Paragraph 3 probably means ____.

A. using up

B. making better

C. putting on

D. taking away

4. The artists will show their art works in order to ____.

A. teach people to make works of art

B. help people to know about Qomolangma

C. encourage people to clean up Qomolangma

D. remind people not to throw rubbish on Qomolangma

5. What kind of writing is this?

A. A notice.

B. News.

C. A story.

D. An advertisement.

【2019年广州ADCAB】

They say that" travel is the best teacher" and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587-1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encouraged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the country's land and geography.

Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in books about different places at a nearly age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however. Xu's father died and so, it seemed, did his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.

But his mother had different ideas. Understanding her son’s love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.

So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and recording his experiences and many discoveries in a diary This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.

Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his journeys

Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the Southwest of China. He died in 1641. soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.

1. What is the passage mainly about

A. The general details of Xu Xiake's life story

B. The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels

C The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake D. The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake

2.Which of the following best describes Xu's mother

A. Strict but interesting

B. Kind but uneducated

C Helpful and hardworking D. Supportive and open-minded

3. Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels?

A. It gave him the chance to meet different kinds of people

B. It helped him to save money and travel for a longer time

C. It allowed him to see and study the environment in detail

D. It was the only way to reach the places he was interested in

4. What is true about Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu xiake

A. It was only made public after Xu died

B. It made Xu very famous during his lifetime

C. It was the first travel book ever written in China

D. It was mainly about the different people of China

35. What is the correct order for the following events from Xu's lite

a. He went on his first journey.

b. His book was finally printed

C. He returned to his hometown for the last time d. He developed an interest in books about other places

e. He started managing the family farm after his father died

A. a-e-d-c-b

B. d-e-a-c-b

C. d-e-a-b

D. e-d-a-b-c

【2019年广州DCCDC】

While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some students at White Cloud Primary School. They became the world's first kids to be"" by an electronic teacher. This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot walking around the classroom Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students computer or phone screens. His name is Bill.

Created by technology company Smart Machines, Bill is able to show human-like behavior. He is designed to teach a special program about environmental-friendly power created by the sun and wind. This program, started in 2005, used to be taught by human teachers

Just like human teachers, Bill is able to immediately respond to the students' questions and opinions about the topic. Thanks to computer cameras, he is also able to see and react to students physical actions. For example, if a student smiles at Bill, he responds by smiling back. This two-way exchange helps get the students' attention. More importantly, it allows the program developers to improve Bills behavior and knowledge base when needed

The program has been a great success, according to Smart Machines spokesman Robert Frost Frost says, "What is interesting to me is the children's reaction to Bill. He really captures their attention. "Frost thinks kids don't find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones

It is doubtful, however, that human educators will lose their jobs to Bill any time soon. For one,his talking head's knowledge base is not large. More importantly, even the smartest computer programs can't guess and react to all the unexpected situations that educators face daily. Bills future might be as a” personal tutor", providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.

1. What is Bill?

A. A human-like robot

B. A kind of computer game

C. A computer recording tool D, A computer-created talking head

2. How does the two-way exchange help the program developers?

A. It lets them correct students' mistakes

B. It allows Bill to respond more quickly

C. It helps them know how to improve Bill

D. It helps them study students' body language

3. The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 4 refers to

A. kids

B. older people

C. smart machines D program developers

4. What is Bill NOT good at doing?

A. Attracting students' attention B Understanding body language

C. Responding to students' questions

D. Dealing with unexpected situations

5. How might Bill be used in the future according to the last paragraph?

A. To work as human classroom teachers

B. To encourage students' interest in computers

C. To give students personal help with different subjects

D. To watch over the behavior of the students in the classroom

【2019年安顺市ACDBA】

On April 26, 2017, a big Chinese ship caught the eyes of the whole world. China's first homemade aircraft carrier(航空母舰）hit the water in Dalian, Liaoning.

The new big ship is China's second aircraft carrier. It was designed in China and built in China, too. It is about 315 meters long and 75 meters wide. That is a bit larger than three soccer fields.

An aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea. It can carry planes and troops to war. Planes fly from the carrier and land back on it, and soldiers work and live on it, too. But building an An aircraft carrier is like an airport on the sea. It can carry planes and troops to war. Planes fly from the carrier and land back on it, and soldiers work and live on it, too. But building an aircraft carrier is so hard and expensive. It costs a lot of money and needs a large amount of steel and other special materials. For example, a basic aircraft carrier is made of 60,000 tons of steel. It also uses complex（复杂的）technologies, including radar, electrics, mechanics and weapons. Finally, it takes years to build one. Today, not many countries own an aircraft carrier or have the ability to build one. China has become the seventh country in the world that can build an aircraft carrier by itself, after the USA, Russia, England, France, Italy and Spain.

1. In which year did China's first homemade aircraft carrier hit the water?

A. In 2017.

B. In 2016.

C. In 2018.

D. In 2019.

2. What's the best title of this passage?

A. An Airport on the Sea

B. China Has Bought the Second Aircraft Carrier

C. China's Homemade Aircraft Carrier

D. The Sixth Country to Build an Aircraft Carver

3. What is not needed to build the aircraft carrier?

A. special materials

B. technologies

C. steel

D. wood

4. How many aircraft carriers does China have according to the passage?

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

5. How does the writer feel about the homemade aircraft carrier in China?

A. proud

B. worried

C. upset

D. hopeless

【2019年安顺市DBCAD】

For many years, sales of garlic in California had been little because of the much cheaper garlic from China. This year, however, California garlic sales are rising because American government increases tariffs（关税）on Chinese products.

Christopher, a garlic grower in California, is manager of his company and he said, "In a perfect world, we would love to see the tariffs on China."

Tariffs on Chinese garlic rose from 10% to 25% on May 9,2019,and the reason is that U.S President Donald Trump increased tariffs on Chinese products worth of $200 billion. Since then, Chinese buyers have almost stopped buying soybeans from the United States and American soybean farmers are now getting worried.

Not everyone likes the garlic tariffs in the U.S. Last July Christopher expressed his support on Trump's policy（政策）. However, officials from McCormick and Company Inc. didn't agree with the policy. McCormick's CEO, Lawrence told Reuters （路透社）that without Chinese garlic America can't go. Actually ,the trade war（贸易战）between China and America is a sign of American hegemony（霸权）,and it will destroy American economy and U.S government will

lose its trust from other countries in the world.

1. From the passage we infer（推理）that ___________.

A. America is buying garlic from China as much as before

B. American soybean farmers make money as much as before

C. China is still buying crops from America as much as before

D. Garlic growers in California are making more money than before

2. Why is less Chinese garlic bought by America this year?

A. Because enough garlic is grown in California.

B. Because American government has increased tax（税收）on Chinese garlic.

C. Because China is not buying soybeans from America.

D. Because companies support American government.

3. What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?

A. China

B. the trade

C. American hegemony

D. a sign

4. How much tariff did American government increase on Chinese garlic On May 9,2019?

A. 15％

B.25％

C. 10％

D. 35％

5. According to the passage, who disagrees with the America policy of having tariffs on Chinese products?

A. Christopher

B. Donald Trump

C. California garlic growers

D. Lawrence

【2019年河北省DCBDA】

What are you holding in your hand while you are taking the examination? Right. A pen.

Though it is small, the pen has changed the history, improved the trade of countries, recorded events, carried news, and done far more work for human beings than all other tools.

Progress without it would have been almost impossible. The invention of the wheels, the introduction of steam engine(蒸汽机), the use of electricity, all these have changed the lives of millions of people, but the pen has done more. It has taken away mountains, and it has prepared the way for all progress and development of the society.

In the past the pen did all the work if you wanted to keep any writing for some time. The lawyers took up their pens and wrote the law of the country from the days when papyrus(纸莎草纸) was first used. The most famous letters in the world were written with a pen. It was with a pen that the greatest thinkers of all time wrote down their thoughts.

The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without our pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well.

Our coming into the world is recorded with a pen. Before we have been at school, our name is written on the name list with a pen. We cannot be married till we have signed. A pen records the important events in our life.

Let us remember that we hold in our hand the most powerful instrument which man owns. The pen is a magic tool. Whenever you use it, enjoy it.

1. What is the writer trying to do in this passage?

A. Describe what a pen looks like.

B. Introduce the history of the pen.

C. Advise people to prepare a new pen.

D. Show the importance of the pen.

2. The word “mountains” in the third paragraph refers to(指代) “something to _________ ”.

A. explain the use of electricity

B. lower the students’ scores

C. stop the social development

D. change the law of the country

3. The lawyers started to write the law of the country _________.

A. before their thoughts were changed

B. when papyrus was first used

C. as soon as they recorded their names

D. after they took an important exam

4. The underlined word “utilitarian” in the passage means “_________” .

A. cheap

B. boring

C. special

D. useful

5. What is the best title for this passage?

A. A Powerful Tool

B. An Important Law

C. A Valuable Record

D. An Exciting Event

【2019年武汉BDDCB】

You don’ t have to be a scientist to solve big environmental problems. One Dutch designer is finding creative ways to make a change—and he’s inviting bikers to join him.

Daan Roosgaarde, 38, is a designer from Holland. He uses creative ideas to improve city life. For his Smog (雾霾) Free Project, he designed a special tower that cleans air in Chinese parks. In

Holland, he designed a shining bicycle path.

Now Daan and his team are working with engineers at Chinese bike-sharing company Ofo to create a new product for public use. It’s an air-cleaning machine connected to a bicycle and is

part of the Smog Free Project. In smoggy weather, the machine would breathe in the air in front of

the bike and blow out a stream of clean air toward the biker’s face.

It’s no secret that air pollution is a big problem for China. In winter, it’s common for thick clouds of haze (霾), caused largely by factory production, burning of coal and car emissions (排放物), to cover areas of China.

In 2016, only one-fourth of Chinese cities met the country’s air quality standards, according to a survey of 338 cities nationwide from the Ministry of Environmental Protection.

“Of course one tower and a few bikes won’t solve China’s air pollution problem,” Daan

said, “But smog-free bikes are an exciting idea that will hopefully inspire communities to create

greener cities.”

1. According to the writer, _ .

A. air pollution is not a big problem in China

B. creative ideas may help improve city life

C. only scientists can solve big environmental problems

D. the survey of 338 cities nationwide was not necessary

2. The air-cleaning machine offers clean air to the hiker by .

A. blowing out dirty air

B. running fast with the bike

C. cleaning the air around the biker

D. breathing in dirty air and cleaning it

3. From the passage, we know that .

A. people who have creative ideas can get free bikes

B. only smog-free bikes can go on the shining bicycle path

C. Daan and his family spent all their time im proving China’s air quality

D. China’s haze in winter happens because of more than three causes

4. Daan is inviting bikers to join him in order to .

A. raise money for the tower

B. test his new machine

C. help solve the air pollution problem

D. make more Chinese friends

5. What is the best title for the passage'?

A. Breathing In and Out

B. Biking for Fresh Air

C. Survey from the Government,

D. China’s Air Pollution Problem

【2019年武汉DBBAC】

Don’t Judge a Book by Its Cover

Ever since I was a little girl, I’ve loved reading crime and detective (侦探) novels, so I guess it was pretty normal that I started writing them when I was older. However, my family is very big on having a traditional career (职业) and so when I said that I wanted to go to college and study writing, my parents told me that I couldn’t. They told me that I had to study for a degree so that I would achieve a career, and not something as risky as writing. I suppose I could have studied joumalism (新闻) ,but I didn’t want to lose interest in writing because it would be something I would do every day for work, not for

pleasure. I thought that teaching looked like a

pretty good compromise (妥协) , especially because of the long holidays. It was a good choice: by the time I was twenty-five，I’d already finished two novels and had an agent.

To be honest, I never meant to keep my being a crime writer a secret or anything, and my

friends have always known. One of the reasons most people don’t know is because my agent told

me that my name Hazel sounded too much like a romance (浪漫) novelist for older women. She suggested Brooke Lane and I thought, “Well, if you think it’ll make me successful, okay,” I’d

totally forgotten about it until I walked into school one day and saw one of my workmates reading

my novel. I asked her some questions about it, and it was so clear that she had no idea that I’d written it - she even offered to lend it to me after she’d finished! Of course, sometimes I wonder

what my students would think if they knew that their teacher was going home on the weekend to

write about murders and dead bodies, but I think my parents probably did me a favor: my teaching job keeps me in touch with the real world.

1. Hazel is probably ．

A. an agent

B. a journalist

C. a teacher and artist

D. a teacher and writer

2. The underlined words “is very big on” in the passage most probably mean.

A. to give no advice

B. to like something very much

C. to have more experiences

D. to misunderstand something

3. It’s clear that Hazel .

A. agreed to study journalism for a degree

B. accepted Brooke Lane as her pen name

C. would like to write something for teaching

D. told her workmates about her writing novels

4. Hazel finally realized that her parents’ advice on her career was .

A. helpful

B. exciting

C. disappointing

D. risky

5. We can infer from the passage that .

A. Hazel likes showing off in public

B. Hazel’s students all want to write novels

C. Hazel’s agent has played a role in her success

D. older women prefer the name Brooke to Hazel

【2019年襄阳CADAB】

When I saw Ronny for the first time, he looked like other kids in the first-grade classroom where I volunteered as a Reading Mom. However, he usually arrived at school wearing old clothes.

On the day when it was Ronny’s turn to read. he sat very close to me. I watched his fingers move slowly under each letter as he tried to speak out “Bud the Sub”. It sounded more l ike “Baw Daw Saw” when he said it because of his difficulty with the alphabet (字母).

The year passed quickly and Ronny had made some progress but he was still below the level of grade. A few weeks before the school year ended, I held an award(颁奖) ceremony. I had gifts and certificates(证书) for everyone. It took me a while to think about which Ronny fit; I believed the gift could cheer him up. I finally decided on “The Most Progressive Reader”. I showed his certificate and a book.

A few days later, I saw Ronny reading the book when I went back to the school. His teacher said, “He hasn’t put that book down. That’s the first book he’s ever owned. ”

Fighting back tears(眼泪) I came near Ronny and asked, “Will you read me your book,Ronny?” He nodded.

And then, for the next few minutes, he read to me more smoothly than I’d ever thought. When he finished reading, Ronny closed his book and said, “Good book. ”

At that moment, I knew I should do what an author(作家) had done-care children and make

them excellent.

1. The writer found that there was something wrong with Ronny’s .

A. eyes

B. talent

C. pronunciation

D. fingers

2. The writer praised Ronny at the end of the school year because in the class.

A. he tried to do better

B. he could read the alphabet best

C. he was above the level of grade

D. he did as well as the other students

3. The underlin ed phrase “fighting back (tears)”in the fifth paragraph means.

A. beginning to cry silently

B. turning back to cry loudly

C. being filled with sad tears

D. trying hold not to show the feeling

4. The writer was moved so deeply that she wanted to .

A. help more children become successful

B. take care of Ronny all the time

C. teach children in the school as a teacher

D. write more novels for children

5. Choose the main idea of this article.

A. Many children aren’t cared in some schools.

B. Children should be encouraged in their study.

C. Most children like to read if they have good books.

D. All the authors can be good teachers in primary schools.

【2019年长沙CCAAC】

It is believed that Huck Finn is based on（基于）a childhood friend of Mark Twain’s. In fact, Twain was not alone in basing a fictional character（虚构的角色）on a real-life person.

Severus Snape / John Nettleship

Severus Snape is a skillful wizard（巫师）teaching magic in Harry Potter. The writer, J.K. Rowling, once said that the character was based on a teacher of hers.

The teacher turned out to be John Nettleship, who taught Rowling chemistry. At first, Nettleship felt surprised. “I know I am a s trict teacher,” he said. “But I don’t think I am as bad as Snape!” On second thoughts, however, he said that he was so ill-tempered that most of his students avoided making him mad. Also, he used to wear long hair and have an untidy lab. That sounds familiar to Harry Potter fans.

Alice / Alice Liddell

Famously, Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is based on Alice Liddell.

Carroll was close to the Liddell family. One day, ten-year-old Alice asked Carroll to tell her a new story. Carroll began to create his famous tale of Alice and what happened after she fell through the rabbit hole. The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down. And the rest is history.

Dill / Truman Capote

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee based Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote. Capote once said, “Lee was my best friend. Have you ever read To Kill a Mockingbird? I’m a character in that story! The story takes place just in the town where we lived!”

1．Snape and Nettleship have something in common EXCEPT__________.

A．their jobs B．their looks C．their hobbies

2．What does the underlined word “ill-tempered ” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．沉着冷静的B．优柔寡断的C．脾气暴躁的

3．What made Carroll decide to create Alice’s Adventur es in Wonderland?

A．Alice Liddell’s requirement.

B．His great interest in rabbits.

C．His experience of travelling.

4．Being a character of To Kill a Mockingbird, Truman Capote felt________.

A．proud B．unsatisfied C．surprised

5．The text is mainly about ________.

A．purposes of writing fictional stories

B．introductions to famous writers’ childhood friends

C．characters of fictional stories from real-life persons

【2019年益阳CBABC】

Dust storms (沙尘暴) appear when strong wind blows and dirt from a dry surface. Strong dust storms may cause deaths, so you should know how to protect yourself from dust storms when Be careful of dust storm warnings Dust storms very probably happen on hot summer days, and it’s not safe for people to travel during this period. So you should listen to the local TV or radio before travelling, and consider changing or giving up your trip if dust storms are predicated. (预测)

Be prepared

If you are in a place where storms happen often, carry a mask (面具) to keep dust and dirt away from your face, and a pair of glasses to protect your eyes.

Stay inside

Do not move around when a dust storm comes, as you will not be able to see hidden (隐藏的) dangers. So if you're in a house, don't go out and just stay inside.

Protect yourself from flying objects

Cover your body as much as possible in a dust storm. A strong wind of dust storms can carry heavy objects, so you should

try to stay low, and close to the ground, and protect your head with your arms or a backpack.

1. What should you do before you travel according to the passage?

A. Pack your backpack.

B. Bring some money with you.

C. Listen to the local TV or radio.

2. We can learn from the passage that ____________________.

A. it is Safe to travel on hot summer days

B. people should stay inside when a dust storm comes

C. a strong wind of dust storms can 't carry heavy objects

3. Which of the following may NOT be needed when you meet a dust storm?

A. A knife.

B. A mask.

C. A pair of glasses.

4. The underlined word "dirt" mentioned in the first paragraph means ______________.

A.烂泥

B.尘土

C. 丑闻

5. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. How to predict dust storms.

B. How to reduce（减少）dust storms.

C. How to protect yourself from dust storms.

【2019年江苏淮安ACABDACBCD】

There were many plants in a forest. When spring came, a pine tree saw a red rose nearby and said, "What a beautiful flower! I wish I were that lovely. "

The rose proudly said, "It seems that I am the most beautiful flower in this forest. "Then the rose looked at a cactus (仙人掌) and said, "Look at that ugly plant full of thorns（刺）! "

"What a proud flower! " thought the trees.

As the days passed. the red rose often looked at the cactus and said bad words about it, like "This plant is useless. How sorry I am to be his neighbor ! "

The cactus never got angry and even tried to advise the rose, saying, "God did not create any form of life without a purpose. "

Spring passed, and the weather became very hot. As there was no rain, the red rose began to wilt（枯萎）.

One day the rose saw birds put their beaks (喙) into the cactus and then fly away. The red rose asked the pine tree what the birds were doing. The pine tree explained that the birds were getting water from the cactus.

"The cactus has water?" asked the rose.

Yes, you can also drink some from it. The birds can bring water to you if you ask the cactus for help. "

The red rose felt too ashamed to ask for water from the cactus. But finally it did ask for help. The cactus kindly agreed.

The rose learned a lesson and never judged (评价) anyone by their appearance again.

1. At first, ______ thought the cactus was ugly.

A. the rose

B. the pine tree

C. the birds

D. the thorns

2. The red rose began to wilt because ________.

A. the birds could fly

B. spring came

C. there was no rain

D. the cactus got angry

3. The birds put their beaks into the cactus to _________.

A. get water

B. eat food

C. offer help

D. tell secrets

4. From the passage, we know the cactus was _________.

A. rude

B. kind

C. selfish

D. careless

5. From the story, we know_________.

A. the pine tree didn't think the red rose was beautiful

B. the red rose never said bad words about others

C. the cactus refused to help the birds

D. the red rose realized she was wrong at last

The Garbage (垃圾) Project started at the University of Arizona in 1973. Since then, the students and teachers in it have studied the modern garbage in different cities.

To study the garbage, the students had to travel to landfills (填埋场) , the places where cities bury (填埋) their garbage.

While the students were studying the garbage they wore special clothes. Students were very careful when they opened bags of garbage.

One important thing the students have learned from studying the garbage is that the garbage in landfills disappears very slowly. That was surprising to both the students and many scientists who had thought that about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear quickly. Even in cities where it rains a lot, the students found newspapers from 1948, 40-year-old hot dogs, and vegetables from 1970. And the students also found many more empty bottles of cola than they expected.

How to dispose of our garbage well depends on what kind of garbage it is: regular(普通的) garbage, dangerous materials, or recyclable materials, such as newspapers and glass bottles. Regular garbage goes to regular landfills. Dangerous materials are harmful to people's health and the environment. They shouldn't go into regular landfills.

Homes are full of dangerous waste. One kind of the dangerous waste in homes is batteries. When batteries are buried directly（直接地）in a landfill, they often break open. The poison inside them moves through rain water to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground.

Another dangerous waste from homes is motor oil. When people pour old motor oil on the ground or throw it in the garbage, it pollutes the environment.

Our garbage problem is not new, but as the world's population continues to grow, it will become a bigger and bigger problem.

1. The Garbage Project started at the University of Arizona in _______________.

A. 1973

B. 1970

C. 1948

D. 1940

2. To study the modern garbage, the students had to do many things except ____________.

A. Wearing special clothes

B. traveling to landfills

C. burying the garbage themselves

D. opening bags of garbage

3. The underlined words "dispose of" in Paragraph 4 means ___________.

A. crash into

B. deal with

C. worry about

D. put up

4.From the article, we know old motor oil ____________.

A. should go to regular landfills

B. isn't harmful garbage

C. mustn't be poured on the ground

D. never pollutes the environment

5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. There are only two kinds of dangerous waste in homes.

B. Scientists thought about 70 % of the garbage in landfills would disappear slowly.

C. The students found empty bottles of cola were not as many as they expected.

D. Batteries often break open when they are buried directly in a landfill.

【2019年山东济宁AABD】

We all need cash(现金) in order to live our live. However. something called digital currency is slowly taking the place of cash. A currency is kind of money. Usually, w e use currency when we talk about a country’s money. If something is digit al, it only exists(存在) on a computer. So "digital currency” means money that only exists on computers.

Lots of people have digital currency accounts(账户). They use a credit card(信用卡) to change their real money into digital money, and then the money goes in to the digital currency account. A lot of people wonder, “Why in the world should I change my real money into digital currency?" This is a fair question, but there’s a good answer. If you want to buy something online, then you usually have to use digital c urrency. For example. If you’re in Chins and you want to buy something in Canada, then you’ll have to pay with the digital currency.

Many people still don't trust digital currency. Some people think that if they can't bold their money in their band, then it doesn’t seem real. These people don't feel comfortable when they see numbers on a computer screen. The computer tells them that their money is safe but these people don't really feel safe. Another problem is security(安全). There are hackers all over the world. A hacker is a person who steals computer information. If a hacker gets the password of your digital currency account, he or she can steal your money.

You have to decide whether or not you trust this new invention. Just remember one thing: If you want to buy something online, then you probably won't have a choice. You'll have to use digital currency.

1. What does Para. 1 mainly tell us?

A What digital currency is.

B How to use digital currency.

C Why we all need cash to live.

D Where to find digital currency.

2. What is the "good answer" to the question in Para. 2?

A You cannot shop online without digital currency.

B You cannot buy anything in China with real money.

C You cannot buy anything in Canada without digital currency.

D You can use both real money and digital currency to shop online.

3. What is the first problem mentioned in Para.3?

A Digital currency is not safe enough.

B Many people still don't trust digital currency.

C Some people can't hold their money in their hand.

D Some people don't feel comfortable with numbers.

4, Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A Two kinds of money

B The end of real money

C Currency around the world

D Money that you can't touch

【2019年眉山市BCBDA BACDD】

Few words are spoke n more often every day on the streets of Britain than “I’m sorry”. This phrase has become such a common response(反应) that it has taken on a lot of meanings.

Saying “Sorry” means to apologize(道歉). This is simple and easy to understand. We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages.

But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can’t get out of the way in time. The man bumps (碰撞) into the woman. Who should say sorry? Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn’t looking where he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common for both to apologize.

It is known that British people, like most people, do not enjoy conflict(冲突).So to quickly calm the situation, British people will apologize to each other.

Other times it may sound funny to hear “sorry”. Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: “Sorry, but can I order another drink?” It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn’t always mean exactly what you think.

1. According to the passage, “saying sorry” is a cultural expression in.

A. the USA

B. the UK

C. the WWF

D. the UN

2. What does the underlined phrase “take on” mean in Paragraph 1?

A. 从事

B. 雇佣

C. 呈现

D. 拿起

3. The example in the third paragraph is used to .

A. describe a situation that people should avoid

B. describe how “sorry” has another meaning in Britain

C. explain why people should say sorry to each other

D. show how polite British people are

4. The restaurant example shows that “sorry” can be used to.

A. apologize

B. calm a situation down

C. explain what you’re thinking about

D. ask a waiter to bring something

5. What might be a good title for this passage?

A. “I’m S orry” Is More Than just an Apology

B. Traditional British Manners

C. How to Best Catch O thers’ Attention

D. Finding a Way out of a Difficult Situation

Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone(里程碑) in space exploration(探索). On Jan 3, Chang’e 4 became the first space probe(探测器) in history to land on the far side of the moon, People’s Daily reported.

From Earth, we can only see one side of the moon. The other side has been a mystery. Scientists have long wondered what lies on this side of the moon.

Chang’e 4 has sent back photos of the far side of the moon. It is also used to carry out experiments, such as growing seeds in a low-gravity(低重力) environment. The data(数据) collected from these experiments could be used to help us build a

base on the moon in the future.

The success of the Chang’e 4 mission(任务) is a main achievement for China’s space program. It marks a new stage in China’s deep space exploration, said Wu Yanhua, head of China National Spa ce Administration.

China launched(启动) its lunar(月球的) exploration program in 2004, naming it Chang’e. Chinese scientists set three goals —“orbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample(样本) returning”— referring to launching probes that could circle around the moon, touch down on its surface and bring lunar materials back to Earth.

Chang’e 4 has realized the goal of landing. The third will be achieved during the Chang’e 5 mission, which is set to take place before the end of this year, China Daily reported.

Following th e success of the Chang’e missions, Chinese scientists are looking even farther into our solar system(太阳系). China’s first Mars(火星) mission is expected to be carried out by 2020, Wu said.

1. What is the data collected from these experiments used to do?

A. Help us build a base on the earth.

B. Help us build a base on the moon.

C. Help us build a base on Mars.

D. Help us build a base on Venus(金星).

2. What has Chang’e 4 done so far?

a. It has landed on the far side of the moon.

b. It has taken photos of the far side of the moon.

c. It has carried out experiments on the moon.

d. It has built a base on the moon.

A. abc

B. bcd

C. acd

D. abd

3. What does the underlined word “I t” refer to in Paragraph 4?

A. A base on the moon in the future.

B. The Chang’e 4 probe.

C. The success of the Chang’e 4 mission.

D. China’s space program.

4. What is Chang’e 5 expected to do?

A. Circle around the moon.

B. Land on the surface of the moon.

C. Bring lunar materials back to Earth.

D. Send people to the moon.

5. What can we infer(推断) from the passage?

A. Chang’e 4 has discovered the secrets of the far side of the moon.

B. China’s space exploration program started 15 years ago.

C. Chang’e 5 will be China’s last lunar exploration program.

D. China has not launched any space probes to Mars so far.

【2019年安徽DCDAB】

The world uses about a thousand million (百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.

Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by keeping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.

While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh water—that comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19,000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process (加工) more than 92 million tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.

Scientists are working to create a less costly technology. They want to produce 20 times more clean water and make sure everyone has enough. But for now, the world still faces each day with not having enough water for everyone.

1. How many people have trouble in getting clean water around the world?

A. Under 10 million.

B. Only 19 million.

C. About 92 million.

D. Over 700 million.

2. Treating wastewater helps the environment by _____.

A. storing waste in ice and snow

B. letting waste run into oceans

C. keeping waste out of rivers and oceans

D. sending waste to coastal countries

3. What does the underlined word "desalination" in Paragraph 3 mean?

A. 远洋运输

B. 潮汐发电

C. 食盐销售

D. 海水淡化

4. At present, the technology to process water_____.

A. needs much energy

B. saves much money

C. satisfies everyone

D. causes pollution

5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. Water should be a human right.

B. The water problem is still serious.

C. Our planet is covered with water.

D. Everyone has enough clean water.

【2019年滨州CDADB DCDBD】

On April 19th, a pottery (陶器) exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Experimental Valley School. Many pieces of pottery in different sizes were shown at the school. Some were a bit broken, but all of them were beautiful works of art created by the students.

At the end of last year, the school started a project that called on teachers to collect disused or broken pieces of pottery from the countryside. So far, they have collected about 3,000 pieces.

"Pottery used to play an important role in the daily lives of Chinese people." school head Ma Guoxin told the reporter.

"By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways. They can better understand the history of the pottery, put their creativity into the pottery and show the love for life and beauty. "

Students turned the pottery into different works of art .They were all encouraged to paint pictures on the pottery, even though some students didn’t know how to paint. Wang Zixuan, a student from Grade Eight, with little knowledge of painting, painted a beautiful night scenery on a piece of pottery. It was so nice that many students loved it.

Almost every classroom has coloured pieces of pottery. They are either used as flowerpots or pen containers（笔筒）. The school has also set up several art corners to show the pottery. For example, the students have put up some pottery on bookcases outside of a lecture hall（报告厅）It has become an enjoyable place for students to rest and read.

1. On April 19th, a _________ exhibition was held at Wuhan Optical Valley Experiment School.

A. flower

B. film

C. pottery

D. costume

2. According to the passage, ____________ were encouraged to paint the pottery.

A. the students who painted very well

B. the students who got good grades

C. the students who didn’t know how to paint

D. all the students in the school

3. By pottery painting, the students can improve themselves in many ways EXCEPT ________.

A. knowing how to collect pottery

B. better understanding the history of the pottery

C. putting their creativity into the pottery

D. showing the love for life and beauty

4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A. The school has collected about 2,000 pieces of pottery so far.

B. Wang Zixuan was a student from Grade Seven.

C. We can’t find any coloured pottery in their classrooms.

D. The students enjoy resting and reading at the art corners.

5. In which part of a newspaper can we read the passage?

A.Sports news.

B. Traditional art.

C. Healthy living.

D. Popular music. B Dereck and Beverly are wildlife animal filmmakers（电影制片人）. They have made lots of films about animals and

plants.

Their job is to keep and protect the big cats of Africa from damage（伤害）. Beverly also takes photos of the lions and her pictures have appeared in National Geographic magazines.

When they were kids, Dereck was quiet and healthy, he was good at math and science. Beverly had a twin brother. At that time, her brother and she often got their mother into trouble! Beverly was a dancer, an athlete, played the piano (not very well), and was a class leader. Her favourite subject was science and she always got excellent grades in her science exams.

When in the field, their work starts at around 4 am. After drinking a cup of tea, they drive out into a bush（灌木丛）to find their subjects. Sometimes that is a lion pride（群）. Lions are family animals, they usually live in groups of 15 or more. Sometimes that is a single leopard（花豹）. They follow the animals for the day, filming, researching, and collecting facts, in formation or pictures. They don’t stop working even when they have lunch. They are often back in camp by 8 pm.

When talking about the favourite places to explore, Dereck says, “We live in it!” Beverly thinks being in nature is her favourite. Dereck thinks running or taking a swim in the Okavango swamp（沼泽）-especially swimming close to crocodile（鳄鱼）is great fun, but Beverly says, “Swimming is fun but crazy in these waters.”

1. From the second paragraph, we can know when they were kids,______________.

A. Dereck was outgoing

B. Beverly was quiet and healthy

C. Beverly could play the piano very well

D. Dereck and Beverly were both good at science

2. When Dereck and Beverly are in the field, the right time order（时间顺序）is that they

______________________.

①drink a cup of tea ②follow the animals ③drive out ④find their subjects

A. ①②③④

B. ①④③②

C. ①③④②

D. ④①③②

3. How many hours do they usually work every day?

A. Eight.

B. Ten.

C. Twelve.

D. Sixteen.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. Animals and plants.

B. The story of Dereck and Beverly.

C. National Geographic magazines.

D. Dereck and Beverly’s childhood.

5. From the passage, we can infer（推断）that ________________.

A. Dereck and Beverly don’t love at all

B. Dereck and Beverly are famous film stars

C. it’s safe to take a swim in the Okavango swamp

D. their work is dangerous sometimes, but they like it

【2019年乐山ADCAB】

What subject do you worry about the most at school? Many students worry about math. Some students can’t sleep well the day before a math exam. Others may feel very nervous during the exam itself. But there might be a way to make the subject less stressful(压力大的).

“For people who are worried about math, posture (姿势) makes a big diffe rence,” Erik Peper from San Francisco State University told the Daily Mail. That’s right – sitting up straight can help you do better on math exams.

Scientists tested 125 college students. They asked them to do a simple math exam while sitting in a slumped-over (趴倒的) posture, or sitting up straight. After the test, 56 percent of students said the exam was easier to do if they were sitting up straight.

Slumping over is a defensive(戒备的) posture. It can bring about bad memories in the body and brain. This can stop you from thinking clearly, Peper said.

Students who were not nervous about taking the math exam did not necessarily benefit(受益) from better posture. But they did find that doing math while slumped over was more difficult, Science Daily reported.

Good posture isn’t just helpful for taking math exams. Sportspeople, musicians and public speakers can all benefit from better posture. When you feel stressed out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall. It can help you feel more certain and focus better.

1. What posture can make people feel less stressed during math exams?

A. Sitting up straight.

B. Hanging your head.

C. Lying on your back.

D. Raising one hand.

2. What did the scientists ask the college students to do during the test?

A. To do sit-ups.

B. To count numbers.

C. To think carefully.

D. To sit in different postures.

3. How many students in the test benefited from the better posture?

A. All the 125 students.

B. Less than half of them.

C. 56 percent of them.

D. None of the students.

4. The fourth paragraph is written to explain .

A. why slumping over makes exams harder to do

B. why slumping over is bad for one’s health

C. why some people slump over during exams

D. why people are nervous during math exams

5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Slump over to Take Exams

B. Sit up to Do Math

C. Better Posture for Nervous Students

D. Good Advice for Better Exams

【2019年南充BDDCA】

When the great library of Alexandria burned, the story goes, one book was saved. But it was not a valuable book, and a poor man got it.

The book wasn't very interesting, but between its pages there was something very interesting indeed. It was a thin strip of vellum（羊皮纸）on which was written the secret of the "Touchstone".

The touchstone was a small pebble（鹅卵石）that could turn any common metal into pure gold.

The writing explained that it was lying among thousands and thousands of other pebbles that looked exactly like it. But the secret was this; The real stone would feel warm, while ordinary pebbles are cold.

So the man sold his house, bought a tent, camped on the seashore, and began testing pebbles. He knew that if he picked up normal pebbles and threw them down again because they were cold, he might pick up the same pebbles hundreds of times. So, when he felt one that was cold, he threw it into the sea. He spent a whole day doing this but none of them was the

touchstone. Yet he went on and on this way. Pick up a pebble. Cold—throw it into sea. Pick up another. Throw it into the sea. The days stretched into months and the months into years.

One day, however, about midafternoon, he picked up a pebble and it was warm. He threw it into the sea before he realized what he had done. He was used to throwing each pebble into the sea as soon as he picked it up. So when the one he wanted came along, he still threw it away.

So it is with opportunity（机会）. Unless we are vigilant, it’s easy to fail to realize an opportunity when it is in hand and it's just as easy to throw it away.

1. According to the passage, the touchstone is a stone __________.

A. that you can touch

B. that can turn common metal into pure gold

C. that can bring you thousands of pebbles

D. that can bring you good luck

2. The man threw the touchstone into the sea because __________________.

A. it was cold

B. it was a normal pebble

C. he was too tired to hold it

D. he had formed a habit

3. How did the man probably feel when he realized it was the touchstone?

A. Excited.

B. Moved.

C. Interested.

D. Regretted.

4. What's the meaning of the underlined word “vigilant” in the last paragraph?

A. Brave enough.

B. Hard-working enough.

C. Careful enough.

D. Strong enough.

5. What does the writer want to tell us?

A. Opportunity knocks but once.

B. Use it or lose it.

C. Where there is a will, there is a way.

D. Practice makes perfect.

【2019年青岛BDDBC】

Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but tha t’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.

Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.

A lot of people do n’t u nderstand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.

However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, becau se windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.

Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.

1. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because .

A. birds don’t fly near them

B. they spin slowly

C. they are shorter than old windmills

D. new windmills don’t spin

2. When did people start using wind power?

A. About 25 years ago.

B. About 80 years ago.

C. About 500 years ago.

D. Over 1,000 years ago.

3. , so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.

A. Windmills break all the time

B. We can’t use windmills at night

C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time

D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time

4. What does the article say about wind power?

A. Most people don’t like it.

B. It’s getting cheaper.

C. Denmark doesn’t use it.

D. It’s getting more expensive.

5. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Expensive Windmills

B. Cheap and Clean Energy

C. Popular and Clean Wind Power

D. Dangerous Birds

2019年中考语文说明文阅读练习题：《维生素D》

2019年中考语文说明文阅读练习题：《维生素D》阅读下面材料，完成18-21题。（18分） 1.【材料一】美国专家研究发现，在同一年龄段的妇女中，缺乏维生素D的体质指数（BMI）平均要比维生素D水平正常的妇女高3.4．体质指数是评价18岁以上成人群体营养状况的常用指标，它不仅对反应体型胖瘦程度较为敏感，而且对皮褶厚度、上臂围等营养状况指标的相关性也较高。其计算公式为：BMI=体重（千克）/[身高（米）]2。世界卫生组织对成人BMI的划分是：正常范围为18.5～24.9．＜18.5为低体重（营养不足），≥25为超重，肥胖前状态是25～29.9．一级肥胖30～34.9．二级肥胖35～39.9．三级肥胖≥40．这一标准为世界各国广泛采用。此前也有研究发现，维生素D是身体制造瘦素所必需的营养物质。瘦素又称“脂肪抑制素”，是肥胖基因所编码的蛋白质，其对机体能量代谢和肥胖的发生有重要作用。一方面，瘦素作用于下丘脑的摄食中枢，产生饱腹感从而抑制摄食行为；另一方面，瘦素广泛作用于肝脏、肾脏、脑组织、脂肪组织等的瘦素受体，使其活跃，增加能量消耗。肥胖人中有95%以上的人存在内源性瘦素缺乏和瘦素抵抗。（摘自《百科知识》2017年04A期，有修改）【材料二】人体90%的维生素D来源于人体自身的合成，另外10%来于食物。通过食物摄入维生素D分为两类，来源于植物的是维生素D2．来源于动物的是维生素D3．天论是植物、动物，还是人类，合成维生素D都需要日光的照射。人类皮肤中存在维生素D的前体-7-脱氢胆固醇，经过日光的作用后就会变成维生素D3．但是这种维生素D3还不是活性成分，它还需要经过血液运输到肝脏、肾脏进行两次活化后才变成活性维生素D．我们通过食物摄取的维生素D经过肠道吸收后，同样也要经常肝肾的活化，最终才能为身体利用。维生素D只在特定的食物中含量较多，因此如果想通过食物补充维生素D．你就要有意识的吃一下几种食物：1．深海鱼：各种深海鱼的鱼肉或鱼卵都含有丰富的维生素D．其中三文鱼含量最高，其次是金枪鱼、红鳟鱼；2．牛奶：无论是全脂还是脱脂牛奶，都含有天然维生素D．而且目前市场上很多牛奶还会额外强化维生素D；3．鸡蛋：鸡蛋的蛋黄部分含有非常多的维生素D；4．动物肝脏：其中鸡肝维生素D含量较多，

2018届中考英语总复习专题检测16阅读理解——说明文(一)(有答案)

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2016中考说明文阅读试题（一）【2016·A卷】（二）阅读下面的文章，完成18—22题。（20分）笑，不苦口的良药梁姗姗 ①医学研究证明，笑具有激活人体某些基因的功能。人们通常认为，基因是恒定不变的。但事实上很多基因常常处于休眠状态，或者没有积极地制造蛋白质，通过某种形式的刺激，可以把它们唤醒，笑就是其中一种刺激。 ②斯坦福大学研究人员曾经对心脏病患者做了一次测试。研究人员首先找来20名心脏病患者，观看半小时分别取自喜剧和悲剧的两部影片片段，两次观看的间隔时间在 8 个小时。然后，通过超声波测量患者肱①动脉的血液流速，结果 20 人中有14人在看过令人痛苦的电影片段后，血流速度放缓，但在观看电影中的搞笑片段后，有 19 人血流加速。最后，对患者进行的心电图测试表明，患者观看悲剧电影时对心脏血流速度产生的影响，类似于做心算的影响；而观看喜剧电影相当于进行了一次有氧运动。 ③人生来就会笑，但很少有人知道，人持续大笑 100 次，对心脏的血液循环和肺功能的锻炼，相当于划 10 分钟船的运动效果。只要发笑，嘴角和颧②骨部位的肌肉便跟着运动，将嘴和两眼向上提拉。这种面部按摩，可以阻止面部线条下坠。每笑一声，从面部到腹部约．有 80 块肌肉参与运动，不仅具有减少皱纹的功效，还是一种有效的减肥方式。笑，不正是一种保持青春的美容操．．．吗？ ④不仅如此，笑还是一种最为简单而有效的健身运动。开怀大笑时，随着呼吸肌群的运动，使胸腔和支气管先后扩，增强了换气量和血氧饱和度，有助于心脏供氧。笑作为一种有效的深呼吸运动，已被越来越多的人们所认识。大笑伴随着腹部肌群的起伏，又是一种极好的腹肌运动。腹肌在大笑中强烈地收缩和震荡，不仅有助于把血液挤入胸腔静脉，改善心肌供血，对胃、肠、肝、脾、胰等脏器也是一种极好的按摩。一一弛之间，使劳累的肌肉在运动中得以放松。 ⑤生活需要笑声，的确，每一个人都需要放缓脚步，静观周围美好的事物，凝神谛听大自然的天籁，让绷紧的脸庞舒缓，皱紧的眉宇打开，让微笑在脸上绽放，才能融解人们彼此之间的冰霜和风寒。引人发笑或是接受别人开的玩笑，这意味着你掌握了社会密码，它可以帮助你解决争端，使别人接受你的想法，从而更好地融入集体。通过微笑促进人类心理健康，在人与人之间传递愉悦与友善，增进社会和谐。 ⑥笑虽然不用花钱买，不必向人借，却需要“投入”。常和爱笑的人相处，置身其中立马受到感染；注意搜集整理引人发笑的笑话、幽默等资料，品味其间自是忍俊不禁；只要有时间，尽可能去欣赏喜剧、相声之类让人发笑的艺术，使自己多笑几声。 ⑦朋友，今天你微笑了吗？（摘选自《大众科学》，有删改）【注释】①肱：gōng 胳膊上从肩到肘的部分，也泛指胳膊。②颧：huán 眼睛下边两腮上面突出的骨头。 18. 为什么说“笑”是“不苦口的良药”？请结合全文说说理由。（3分） 19.请概括第②段对心脏病患者的测试过程，并指出所采用的说明顺序。（4分）测试过程：说明顺序： 20.第③段划线句除列数据外，还用了哪种说明方法？请具体说说它的作用。（4分） 21.请从说明文语言的角度，分析下面句中加点词语的表达效果。（5分）（1）每笑一声，从面部到腹部约．有 80 块肌肉参与运动…… （2）笑，不正是一种保持青春的美容操．．．吗？

2019-2020年中考：说明文阅读分析

2019-2020年中考：说明文阅读分析 ·散文含义和特点：散文，是指同诗歌、小说、戏剧并列的一种文学体裁。这种体裁，要求篇幅短小、形式自由、取材广泛、写法灵活、语言优美，能够比较迅速地反映生活。散文主要有以下特点： ①根据表达方式侧重点的不同，散文可分为叙事散文和抒情散文。 ②散文的重要特点是“形散而神不散”。 ③散文的特点之三是意境深邃，情感真挚。 ④散文的特点之四是语言优美凝练，富于文采。 ·散文阅读考题的命题方向： 1.整体感知文章内容，归纳主题思想，概括文意或感情等。理解关键语句、中心句在文中的作用；理解词语在具体语境中的深刻含义 2.五种表达方式的识别及其在文中的作用 3.某句、段在结构或内容上的作用。 4.描写的各种类型及其在文中的表达效果。 5.表现手法的区分及其作用。 6.自选角度鉴赏文章的艺术技巧: 结合相关材料谈感悟说启示；想象补充细节；仿写、续写；读书卡片、推荐语、对联、表格、综合性学习活动、探究等。 ·题型一 ·整体感知内容，概括文章主题 ·考查类型 1．直接概括全文内容。

2．回答某一段落内容或全文的主题以及作者的思想感情等。 ·解题钥匙 1．尽量利用原文语句。 2．没有原文语句可利用时，要注意概括得全面、准确，不要漏掉答题点。寒冷的味道黄明山（1）寒冷离我们越来越远了。（2）台历上的冬天正一步步深入，而我的身体却迟钝了对季节的反应。曾经是多么可怕的寒冷，眼下似乎变得可爱了起来，就像一个被误会了的擦肩而过的老朋友。（3）回忆中的寒冷却有着异乎寻常的味道。（4）江汉平原的冬天，水面结了厚厚的冰，我在冰上行走。冷！我的一双手冻成了两个肉包子，脚后跟早冻烂了，分别有一个洞，洞里有凝固的血，用棉絮裹着。我总是想奔跑，疼痛便在后面拼命地拽我。糟了，好像是哪根筋断了……我几乎要跌倒下去。（5）寒冷培育的疼痛真是刻骨铭心啊。（6）那时候难得看上一场电影，而且通常要到五里以外的地方去看露天电影。那天晚上雪刚刚停下，听说要放电影，我来不及吃饭就跑了去。上身穿的是棉袄，下身穿的是绒裤，脚上穿的是胶鞋。跑了一路，身上发热。开始，人不觉得冷，渐渐，寒气逼人。风一丝不苟．．．．地钻进我的脖子，直到我的胸膛。看到中间，便招架不住了，肚子饿得咕咕叫，浑身冻得打哆嗦。那真正是饥寒交迫啊！我咬着牙，坚持把电影看完，脚已没有了知觉，就稀里糊涂地往前走。一路上，我是弹跳着回去的。我一下子发现了自己的脆弱，又一步步变得坚强起来──这点寒冷算什么？（7）寒冷，每每使我们的精神处于一种振奋的状态，使我们更能承受人生的风霜雨雪。（8）现在却不同了，风也刮得没有了规律，雪也下得没有了条理。瞧，都立春了，雪还不知在哪里开小差．．．。冬天，失却了原来的寒冷。

中考英语阅读理解说明文篇(3)

中考英语阅读理解-说明文篇（3）（11） Hip-hop dancing(街舞) is popular with many young people today．They like it because they can invent their own moves．They use this dance to show their love for life．It also．shows that they feel good about life，that they just want to be themselves and enjoy lire，and that they are not afraid of problems． Hip-hop dancing has a history of more than ears．It first began in the 1980s in the US．In early times，it was seen in New York and Los Angles．At that time，many young black people often danced to the music in the streets．They used their legs，arms，heads and even shoulders to dance．Many young people still use most of these moves today． Hip-hop dancing became popular all over the world because of the 1983 movie Flashdance．Some people performed Hip-hop dancing in the movie．People enjoyed their performance．They began to dance like them．Then it became popular．There are two kinds of Hip-hop dancing：new school and old school．More and more young people are learning Hip-hop dancing．People believe that it is a good way to exercise their bodies，and that it is good for their health．根据短文内容。选择最佳答案。 66．Young people like Hip-hop dancing because ________． A．it has a history of more than ears B．it first began in the US C．they can invent their own moves D．many young black people often dance it 67．At first Hip-hop dancing was seen ________． A．in the movies B．in the streets C．in the old schools D．in the new schools 68．The young black people used their to dance at that time． A．legs B．heads C．arms and shoulders D．A，B and C 69．Hip-hop dancing became popular all over the world ________． A．in the 1980s B．in 1983 C．ears ago D．in early times 70．Which of the following is TRUE about Hip-hop dancing? A．It’s not a good way to exercise．

中考语文说明文阅读题及答案

2.（2011·浙江宁波市）“绿色”浅层地温能 ①你听说过“浅层地温能”吗？它是蕴藏在地表以下一定深度（一般小于200米）范围内岩土体、地下水和地表水中，一般低于25℃的热能。浅层地温能的来源以太阳辐射为主，还有一小部分来自地心热量。 ②我们的地球可以称得上是一个巨大的热库，它的资源量非常丰富，其内部的总热能约为地球储存的全部煤炭所蕴含能量的1.7亿倍，具有经济价值的浅层地温能大约是现在全球能源消耗总量的45万倍。据专家测算，我国地处北纬30°～42°的许多城市，地下近百米深度内，土壤中每年可采集的浅层地温能能量是目前国内发电装机容量的3750倍，地下水中每年可采集的浅层地温能能量也有2亿千瓦。 ③浅层地温能是一种清洁无污染的能源。这种能源的开发利用只需消耗少量的电能，就可以提取大量的能量，也不向大气排放二氧化碳等气体，对外界环境影响极小。由于浅层地温能资源无处不在，人们可以就近利用，就地取（排）热，为建筑物供暖或制冷，而地下水的水质、水量不发生任何变化。与传统能源相比，可节省大量运输、传输和存放成本。 ④可见，浅层地温能具有众多的优点，开发利用浅层地温能已是社会发展的必然趋势。现在的问题是，我们该如何利用这种比人类体温还要低很多的能源呢？科技人员采用了“热泵”原理。“热泵”和“水泵”类似。大家熟悉“水泵”吧，它是一种利用管道将水从低位抽到高位的机械，只不过“热泵”传递的是热能。我们居住的室内环境和地层土壤中的温度一般情况下具有一定的温差。冬季时，我们利用热泵可以把地下的热能“抽”出来，供给室内采暖；夏季时，再把室内的热能“取”出来，排放到地下储存起来。这样，可以通过自然和人工等补给方式，保持地温能量的动态平衡，使浅层地温能得以长期循环利用。无论是冬季还是夏季，水都是传递热能的载体，被加热后以便用来储存热量。由于电流只是用来传热，而不是用来产生热，因此热泵只需消耗较少的能量便可以提供较多的能量，通常情况下热泵每消耗1000瓦的能量，就可以得到4000瓦以上的能量。 ⑤浅层地温能在过去一直被人们忽视，但随着地球能源的大量消耗，能源危机日渐凸现，浅层地温能的开发利用将会越来越受到国际社会的重视。（根据《百科知识》等有关资料综合编写而成） 11.从文章内容看，“浅层地温能”有哪几方面的优点？请简要列举。（3分） 12.下列说法中不符合文意的一项是（）（3分） A.浅层地温能的主要来源是太阳辐射。 B.地球内部的总热能约为地球储存的全部煤炭所蕴含能量的1.7亿倍。 C.我们居住的室内环境和地层土壤中的温度通常情况下具有一定的温差。 D.热泵每消耗1000瓦的能量，就可以得到4000瓦的能量。 13.文中第④段介绍“热泵”时为什么要从“水泵”说起？（2分）

2019年中考英语真题分类专题16.3 阅读理解(说明文)(第02期)(原卷版)

2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019 ?江西省中考】 Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old. Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue（舌头）to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this interview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works. How does sonar work? ＂When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). It’s like having a conversation with the environment When you click, what do you see in your mind? "Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.＂ What is it like riding a bike using sonar? ＂It’s exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per second,, much more than I usually do.＂ Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way? "Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨头) as a kid.＂ How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar? ＂Many students are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isn’t in the eyes, it’ s in the mind.＂ 1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 2? A. Kish explains how sonar works. B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.