雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义

Unit 1 雅思IELTS 考试写作简介

雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行，由两部分组成，TASK1和TASK2。要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同，考试的结构和要求也大体相同，要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解，或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。

学术类写作TASK 1（ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE）要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析，并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。时间20分钟。

普通培训类写作TASK1（GENERAL TRAINING MODULE）则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信. 到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。20分钟内完成150个字的文章。

总之，就题目的难度而言，GENERAL TRAINING MODULE 普通类写作比ACADEMIC TRAINING MODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。

评分标准

The examiner reads your answer and awards band score of between 1(did not answer the question) and 9 (native speaker-like ) according to these criteria: ? 1.Task Response (i.e. how fully and appropriately the candidate has answered all parts of the task; the extent to which the candidate's ideas are relevant,

developed and supported; the extent to which the candidate's position is

clear and effective)

? 2.Coherence and Cohesion (i.e. how well the information and ideas are organized and presented i.e. paragraphing; how well the information is linked) ? 3.Lexical Resource (i.e. the range of vocabulary used, how accurately it is used and how appropriate it is for the task)

? 4.Grammatical Range and Accuracy (i.e. the range of structures used, how accurately they are used and how appropriate they are for the task)

The band scores are then added together divided by 3 and rounded to determine your band score for this task.

Writing Overall Band = 1 / 3* Task1 + 2 / 3*Task2

For example: Task1 =6

Task2 =7

Overall Band = 1 / 3* 6 + 2 / 3*7= 6.5

Unit 2 曲线图

1.描述上升的单词

increase rise grow go up

词汇升级：creep up ≤10edge up 10 ease up 20

boom 30 surge 45 soar 60 swell 70 escalate 80 rocket 90

2．描述下降的单词

decrease drop decline fall go down

词汇升级：creep down ≤10edge down 10 ease down 20

ebb 30 subside 45 slump 60 collapse 70 plunge 80 plummet 90

3．描述波动的单词

fluctuate --- fluctuation go up and down rise and fall

例：Sales of Computers 1995

There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from Jan to Feb. However, they increased dramatically to a peak in the next month. After that, there was a downward trend in sales between Mar and Aug, which leveled off by the end of Dec.

Task 1每部分的结构:

例题分析example 1

WRITING TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

The graph below shows the number of passengers in a London underground station at different times of the day.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

Number of passengers at a London underground station

The line graph illustrates the fluctuation in the number of people at a London underground station over the course of a day.

开头段三种万能方法：①改单词②换句型③加信息

The busiest time of the day is in the morning. There is a sharp increase between 06:00 and 08:00, with 400 people using the station at 8 o'clock. After this the numbers drop quickly to less than 200 at 10 o'clock. Between 11 am and 2 pm the number rises, with a plateau of just under 300 people using the station.

In the afternoon, numbers decline, with less than 100 using the station at 4 pm. There is then a rapid rise to a peak of 380 at 6 pm. After 7 pm, numbers fall significantly, with only a slight increase again at 8pm, tailing off after 9 pm.

Overall, the graph shows that the station is most crowded in the early morning (around 08:00) and early evening (around 18:00) periods.

例题分析2:

Sample 2

WRITING TASK 1---“例2”

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

The graph below shows the annual amount of fish caught in North America from 1972 to 2000.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

line graph with two lines

The graph reveals changes in fish catches for the US and Canada over the last 30 years.

Between 1975 and 1981, US fish catches averaged between 2.5 and 2.75 million tons per year, while Canadian landings fluctuated between 600,000 and 900,000 tons. …In 1981, however, there was a significant increase in fish caught in the US, and this rise continued and peaked at 5.6 million tons in 1991. During the same period, Canada's catch went up from 1 million tons to 1.6 million tons, a growth of over 50%.

From 1991 onwards, a sudden decline in fish catching was reported in both countries. US figures plummeted to 4 million tons in 2001, a drop of 28%, and Canadian catches plunged to 0.5 million tons, a decrease of 66%. In the following four years, US catches remained stable at 4 million tons, while Canadian catches rose and fell around the 0.5 million tons mark.

In general, fish catches have declined drastically in both the US and Canada since the early 1990s. Although Canadian production was much lower, it echoed US figures, declining or increasing at the same rate.

习题③

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

You should write at least 150 words.

The line chart illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.

In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams)

However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.

The consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.

Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.

★考试高分必备表 3——Phrase

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Lesson 2: Introductions ---- Four types of questions 1. Discussion Some people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Topic- study in groups or alone Answer- sometimes better alone, usually better in a group People have different views about the effectiveness of group study as opposed to working alone. While there are some benefits to studying independently, I believe that group work is usually more productive. 2. Opinion Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Topic- community service for all teenagers Answer- 3 choice (agree, disagree, balanced opinion) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. (agree) I completely agree that this kind of scheme would be a good idea. (disagree) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. In my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind of unsalaried work. (want mention both side) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. While I disagree with the idea of making such programmers compulsory, I do believe that voluntary community service could benefit young people. 3. Problem and solution Some people reoffend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem? Topic- criminals reoffend Answer- several reasons, a variety of measures (government, communities) It is true that punishments do not always deter criminals from committing more crimes. There are various reasons why offenders repeatedly break the law, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue. 4. Two-part question As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers? Topic- job satisfaction Answer- several factors, unrealistic / impossible Work plays a central role in our lives, and we would all like to feel fulfilled professionally. While a variety of factors may lead to job satisfaction, it would be unrealistic to expect everyone to be happy at work.

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审题: 1. 本题出现两个图，饼图与曲线图，首先确定写作结构，饼图和曲线图分别叙述，若两者之间有联系，则需要指出。这样本篇作文的大体结构就可以设置三部分，第一段对总体进行概述，主体段对两个表格分别描述，末段进行总结（可选） 2. 写作要点分析： ●饼图信息点：确定时间2000年，内容可口可乐罐装销售总额，地点为五个地区，分别 占的百分比，最大与最小百分比分别对应的地区。 ●曲线图：确定时间96年-01年，内容为可口可乐的股价，以美元为单位计算，曲线 信息可分为两个时间段，98年中期之前与之后的特点对比，总体趋势波动 范文： The pie chart shows the worldwide distribution of sales of Coca-Cola in the year 2000 and the graph shows the change in share prices between 1996 and 2001. 首段介绍两个图表的主要信息，巧妙地进行关键词的改写 the worldwide distribution In the year 2000, Coca-Cola sold a total of 17.1 billion cases of their fizzy drink

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雅思大作文审题偏差原因及对策真题解析 在考生写作之前，审题是必须要操作的步骤，而且也是关乎作文分数最为关键的一环。因为，无论什么样的写作考试，最重要也是最基本的要求就是：写作要紧扣主题符合题意，否则，即使观点再精彩、语言再优美、论据再充实，作文也无法得到高分。但遗憾的是，很多考生审题经常会出现偏差，最后导致作文全盘皆输。导致审题偏差的原因有很多种，本文中，专家将着重对生词原因进行分析，并指导考生该如何应对。 ▲问题原因：生词 生词，是考生审题出现偏差最普遍的问题。一方面，雅思考生越来越低龄化：很多考生年龄小，大多数词汇量非常少，有的考生能够认识的单词甚至还不到1000个。另一方面，雅思的大作文考题尤其是学术类的，话题偏重于社会话题，语言偏书面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏许多大学生，都会有此感慨：题目有单词不认识啊。 ▲对策 ①积累话题核心词 1. 何谓“题干核心词” 雅思议论文题目虽多，但是会有一些出现频率比较高的实意词即为：“题干核心词”。 2. 学习“题干核心词”的方法 对于“题干核心词”的学习，朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生从“写作机经”入手，找出题干中出现的实意词并作积累。 ●请看以下雅思真题： 1. International travel often leads people to have some prejudices rather than broad-mind. What are the main reasons of this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get better understanding of the countries they visit? 2. International travel sometimes makes people more prejudiced rather than board-minded. Give out reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors. Do you have ways to improve people's understanding of the countries they visit?

雅思写作第二课task1普通图表

雅思写作第二课 一题目改写练习(Introduction) １.The graph below shows the percentage of people unable to find work in three major countries from 1983 to 1992. ２.The graph below shows the different modes of transport used to travel to and from work in one European city in 1950, 1970, and 1990.

３.The table below shows information on income, taxes and prices in five cities around the world. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. ４.The two pie charts below show the types of communication used in 1962 and 1982.

?常见开头段同义词替换表：

２.数据分析原则(Body) 第一句话总结图中比较显著的趋势或者特征，其余句子按照第四点中所规定的顺序逐句叙述图表容。主体部分每一个句子一般有三个组成部分，分别是文字信息、数字信息和比较。很多考生习惯在作文中把数字逐一读出，这是不好的习惯。事实上，文字信息比数字信息更为重要，文字信息可以让读者清楚了解图表的主要信息，而数据只是起辅助的作用。 比较下面的句子： 例如：The average US family had 4.5 people in 1915, 3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006. 改后句子： The average family size in the US has been shrinking(文字信息), from 3.3 people in 1967 to 2.6 people in 2006（数字信息）, compared to 4.5 people in 1915（比较信息）. ?起点，结点和数量相等点，倍数点必写

雅思作文写作Task 2 第四课时—观点类

IELTS大作文讲解：agree & disagree/what's your opinion 类作文学生面授老师 时间本次课时IELTS写作第四课时 教学思路1.作文简介、写作技巧 2.实例分析 3.课后作业 教学目标1. 观点类作文理论分析 2. 掌握此类作文基本特征和写作方法 3. 学习写作思路，掌握写作套路 讲解重点题目特点 解题思路 写作技巧以及范文分析 备考资料剑桥真题、《雅思写作套路剖析与范例大全》 教学详细内容： 一、分析雅思写作——观点类理论 1.题目特点及解题思路 题目特点： Express your opinion about… （To what extent）do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion about…? How do you think about…? 解题思路： 这种题的写法较灵活，考生的回答可以是正面的也可以是反面的，还可以从正、反两个方面论述。 2.写作技巧及知识点

1）开头段 S entence 1 ：background(general statement) 第一句话：文章的背景（一般的介绍） 如何写背景句？ 首先，确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。 例：Some people who have been successful in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree? 这个题目讨论的是个人成功或者理论知识，那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句： 开头句一： People have long been interested in identifying the forces that contribute to personal achievement. 开头句二： The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate. 考生可以记住一些开头句的句型，比如the importance of…to…is a matter for debate等，并将此运用在不同的题目练习中，这样就可以在考场上迅速写出开头段了。

雅思写作审题训练

1. It is important for the government to provide money for things that are beautiful not just for things that are practical. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 2.Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 3.Nowadays some countries encourage people to buy more and more products, which is good for economy. While others believe it is bad for the society. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 4.In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why do you think this is the case? How should children and teenagers be punished? 5. Some people believe that young people should be free to choose his or her job, while others think that they should be realistic and think about their future.

雅思写作1

雅思写作1 Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university 翻译练习： 1.学生们上大学的目的是为了有能力找到好的工作。 The purpose of the students going to university is to be capable of getting a good job. 2.如果大学注重开设工作岗位所需要的课程，就会得到一些研究的良策，还可以跟上时代的脚步。 Focusing on the needs of the workplace, university could get sound strategies to do research and keep up with the time. 3.如果学生们学了这些和工作有关的课程后，就会更容易找到好的工作，这可以促进我国经济发展。 Having these lessons relating to workplaces, students could get a job more easily, which promotes the development of the economy in our country.

雅思作文写作Task2第四课时—观点类

雅思作文写作Task2第四课时—观点类

IELTS大作文讲解：agree & disagree/what's your opinion 类作文学生面授老师 时间本次课时IELTS写作第四课 时 教学思路1.作文简介、写作技巧 2.实例分析 3.课后作业 教学目标1. 观点类作文理论分析 2. 掌握此类作文基本特征和写作方法 3. 学习写作思路，掌握写作套路 讲解重点题目特点 解题思路 写作技巧以及范文分析 备考资料剑桥真题、《雅思写作套路剖析与范例大全》

教学详细内容： 一、分析雅思写作——观点类理论 1.题目特点及解题思路 ?题目特点： Express your opinion about… （To what extent）do you agree or disagree? What is your opinion about…? How do you think about…? ?解题思路： 这种题的写法较灵活，考生的回答能够是正面的也能够是反面的，还能够从正、反两个方面论述。 2.写作技巧及知识点 1）开头段 ?Sentence 1 ：background(general statement) 第一句话：文章的背景（一般的介绍） ?如何写背景句？ 首先，确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。 例：Some people who have been successful in the society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical

knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree? 这个题目讨论的是个人成功或者理论知识，那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句： 开头句一： People have long been interested in identifying the forces that contribute to personal achievement. 开头句二： The importance of theoretical knowledge to one’s success is a matter for debate. 考生能够记住一些开头句的句型，比如the importance of…to…is a matter for debate等，并将此运用在不同的题目练习中，这样就能够在考场上迅速写出开头段了。 注：考生在考场上能够按照实际情况自由掌握句子的数量，未必一定要写三句。 ?Sentence 2: rephrase the topic(thesis statement) 第二句话：改写题目（点名论题） 很多考生在这里容易犯两个错误：一是照抄题目，二是句子过长。解决方法如下：

雅思写作大作文审题之题目特点与分析

雅思写作大作文审题之题目特点与分析 考生们在写作真正下笔前，需要做的第一件事就是审题。审题是指在真正动笔写作之前对于考题的理解和分析的过程。它是雅思写作的第一步，也是非常关键的一个步骤，它直接关系着一篇作文的质量。良好的审题，能正确引导考生进行接下来的几个写作步骤——头脑风暴(brain storming)，结构和写作(writing-up work);反之，则会导致偏题甚至跑题的风险。那么，具体应该如何审题呢?在介绍具体步骤和技巧之前，朗阁海外考试研究中心先给大家介绍和分析雅思写作题目的特点和具体分类。 一、雅思写作题目特点 雅思写作命题主要是由两大主题部分构成：Background information和Question。例如以下真题： Young people who commit serious crimes should be punished in the same way as adults. ——(Background information) To what extent do you agree or disagree? ——(Question) 在background information里，我们可以找到具体的写作话题(eg. 犯罪)。而且，这些话题通常以三种形式出现：一个独立观点(Some people think giving aid to poorer countries has more negative effects than positive effects. To what extent do you agree or disagree?)、两个对立观点(Some people think they have right to use as much fresh water as they want, others, otherwise believe governments should strictly control the use of fresh water as it is limited resource. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.)和一种社会现象或问题(Not enough students choose science subjects in university in many countries. What are the reasons for this problem? What are the effects to the society?)。 至于在第二部分——Question中，我们可以找到作文的提问方式。(具体见以下“按提问方式分类”部分) 二、雅思写作分类 雅思大作文根据不同的分类标准，可以分成不同类别，下面主要给大家介绍两大分类方法： 1. 按话题分类 雅思大作文经常涉及到的话题包括：社会、教育、科技、文化、政府;同时，也包括一些出题频率相对较低的话题：犯罪、环境、媒体、动物、女性等。对不同话题的熟悉和总结，可以帮助考生考前了解考试内容，实现做好心理准备并做出相应的准备工作，如，总结素材。 2. 按提问方式分类 按照提问方式，雅思大作文主要可以分为三大类：Argumentation、Report和Mixed type。 l Argumentation 议论文是大作文中出题频率最高的一类，约占到70%，主要可以归为以下五类：