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2015年考研英语新题型重要词汇

comprehend [,kɑmpr?'h?nd]

vt. 理解;包含

【词根记忆】：com全部+prehend/ prehens (相当于catch) = 全部抓住= 领会;理解

【短语搭配】：comprehend the meaning理解含义

【真题例句】：Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them…显而易见，你会尝试在阅读过程中理解。这种理解是建立在辨识单词本身的意思并理解单词与单词之间的关系之上…

2. 16 identify [ai'dentifai]

v. 识别;辨识

【词根记忆】：ident 相同+ ify动词后缀→识别=将一个事物与其标准相互匹配的过程

【短语搭配】：identify with理解;认同

【真题例句】：As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. 你一醒来就立刻能确定在梦中是什么困扰你。(2005年阅读Text3)

3. 7 context ['kɑnt?kst]

n. 环境;上下文

【词根记忆】：con共同+text 编织=共同编织在一起的=上下文

【短语搭配】：in the context of在…情况下

in this context 在这个背景下

【真题例句】：You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved…例如，你可以凭借判定何种类型的语言情景会涉及在这样的文本当中来推测文章语境。

4. 31involve [?n'vɑlv]

vt. 包含;牵涉;使陷于;潜心于

【词根记忆】：in 进入+vol转=转进去=卷入

【短语搭配】：involve in参与;涉及

【真题例句】：Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. 而且还要确立特定目标，获得即时反馈，既关注结果又要关注技巧。(2007年阅读Text1)

5. 16 consist [k?n's?st]

vi. 由…组成;在于

【词根记忆】：con共同+sist 站=站到一起=组成

【短语搭配】：consist in在于;由…组成

【真题例句】：They show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. 这些阅读方式都表明：理解并非只是被动地吸收，而是要主动参与到文意的推测和问题的解决当中。

6. 5 assimilation [??s?m??le??n]

n. 吸收;同化;尤指

【词根记忆】：as 加强+simil相同+ate动词后缀=成为相同=同化

【短语搭配】：cultural assimilation文化同化作用

【真题例句】：Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. 在为“国家移民论坛”撰稿时，格瑞?罗德里格兹报道说，如今的移民既未达到历史最高峰但也不排斥同化。(2006年阅读Text 1)

7. 12 engagement [?n'ɡed?m?nt]

n. 占用;使参加;约定，订婚

【词根记忆】：engage (相当于pledge)+ ish 动词后缀= 约定，订婚

【短语搭配】：broke off the engagement 毁除婚约

【真题例句】：Theories centering on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interactions with others. 以个人为中心的理论认为青少年从事犯罪活动是由于他们以前的恶行没有受到应有的惩罚或者是他们通过彼此的影响而学会了犯罪。(2004年知识运用)

evidence ['?v?d?ns]

n. 证据，证明;迹象;明显

【词根记忆】：e(相当于ex) +vid (看)+ence (名词后缀)=可以让外人看到真相的东西=证据

【短语搭配】：in evidence明显的

【真题例句】：You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues.你可以通过找出特定的证据和线索来辅助你推测那些你认为作者想让你理解的信息。

[k?n'siv]

v. 构想，设想;怀孕

【词根记忆】：con共同+ ceive拿=集思广益=构想;设想

【短语搭配】：conceive of设想;想象

【真题例句】：Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. 以这样的方式构思，每个读者的理解将不再如出一辙。

10. 6absolute ['?bs?lut]

adj. 绝对的;完全的;专制的

【词根记忆】：ab不+solute松= 不松开= 坚决的，绝对的

【短语搭配】：absolute value绝对值

absolute advantage绝对利益

【真题例句】：What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or ‘true’meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. 问题的关键在于：理解不是从文章中读出绝对的、固定的以及所谓“真实”的含义。这些所谓固定真实的含义，读者可以迅速从文章中读出，还可以用它们去验证文章的精确性以及文章与世界那些不受时间限制的各种关系。

inevitable [?n'?v?t?bl]

a.不可避免的,必然发生的

【词根记忆】：in否定前缀+e出去+vit走+able形容词后缀→不能走出去的→不可避免的

【短语搭配】：the inevitable必然的事情

【真题例句】：Such background material inevitably reflects who we are.此类背景材料必然会反映我们自身的情况。

precise[pr?'sa?s]

adj. 精确的;明确的;严格的

【词根记忆】：pre前+ cise切=在生产线上，最先切割的东西必须精确，否则后续工作无法进行

【短语搭配】：to be precise确切地讲

【真题例句】：Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page –including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns –debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.恰恰，因为来自不同的历史时期、不同地理位置以及有着不同社会经历的读者阅读了相同的文本---包括那些关于人类最基本问题的文本---但得出相异却又有重合的解读，所以在此类文本上的讨论便成为关于人类信仰和价值观等社会讨论的重要组成部分。

3. 22 fundamental [,f?nd?'m?ntl]

adj. 基本的，根本的

【词根记忆】：found,fund基础+ment名词后缀+al形容词后缀= 基础的;根本的

【短语搭配】：fundamental principle基本原则

fundamental change根本变化

【真题例句】：What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. 他这样做的目的是为了维护“基本的公平”——保护纳税人、控制开支、保证只有最需要的申请人才能领取救济金。对此，我们予以理解。(2014年阅读Text 1)

4. 9 implicit [?m'pl?s?t]

adj. 含蓄的;暗示的;盲从的

【词根记忆】：im里+ plic重叠+it=各种重叠之中=不直说=储蓄的

【短语搭配】：implicit memory内隐记忆

implicit knowledge隐性知识;内隐知识

【真题例句】：Such dimensions of reading suggest –as others introduced later in the book will also do –that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. 这些不同的阅读阅读形式和维度表明---正如本书随后引入的其他事项表明---我们会像安排日程一样，对于对任何一种阅读行为赋予隐形的编排，虽然我们常常不愿承认。

5. 6 reference ['r?fr?ns]

n. 参考;涉及;参考书目;介绍信

【词根记忆】：re反复+fer带来,拿来+ence名词后缀=反复拿来使用的东西=参考书目【短语搭配】：for reference以供参考;备案

with reference to关于(等于in reference to)

【真题例句】：Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.从理想状态而言，不同的阅读形式之间相互影响，互相作用，一种阅读形式可以成为另一种阅读形式的有益参考或者平衡点。

6. 7 component [k?m'pon?nt]

adj. 组成的，构成的

n. 成分;组件

【词根记忆】：com共同+pon放置+ent形容词/名词后缀=放到一起来=组成的/组成部分

【短语搭配】：component analysis分量分析;[化]组分分析;组成成分分析

principal component主成分;[化]知组分

【真题例句】：Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.不同的阅读形式共同构成了一个人综合阅读素养，或者形成此人与其它文本环境的一种关联性。

7. 8 obscure [?b'skj?r]

a.复杂难懂的; 难处理的; 鲜为人知的

【词根记忆】：ob相反+cure关心=不关心的东西，自然记不住=模糊的

【短语搭配】：obscure glass不透茫璃;毛玻璃

【真题例句】：Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.阅读的地点和时间，阅读者的性别，民族，年龄和社会阶层将等因素都会造成我们对阅读材料的特定解读，但同时也会造成阅读者的迷惑以及与其他其他解读方式的隔绝。

relevant ['r?l?v?nt]

a. 相关的;切题的;

【词根记忆】：re再+lev举;变轻;集中+ant形容词后缀=反复可以聚集在一起的=相关的【短语搭配】：relevant information相关信息

relevant data有关数据

【真题例句】：On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.一种设想认为，这些词汇和习语随后就逐步关联起来，你可以在脑中对所读的语篇或者这些语篇之间的联系作记录。

significant [s?ɡ'n?f?k?nt]

adj. 重大的;有效的;有意义的

【词根记忆】：sign记号,信号+ify动词后缀+ant形容词后缀=标记的东西=有意义的【短语搭配】：significant difference显着性差异

significant change显着变化;有效变化量

【真题例句】：You make further inferences, for instance about how the text may be significant to you, or about its plausibility.你可以作进一步的推断，例如你所读文章到底对于里来说有多么重要，或者这些文章事何等华而不实。

10. 15 basis ['bes?s]

n. 基础;底部;主要成分;基本原则

【词根记忆】：基础词根词汇bas=基本

【短语搭配】：on the basis of根据;基于…

basis for以…作基础;为…打基础

【真题例句】：On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. 另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相同的。(2007年翻译)

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