剑桥11 TEXT 1 听力原文及翻译
剑桥11 TEXT 1 听力原文
SECTION 1
Hello?
你好？
Oh, hello. I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September 1st.
您好，我想问一下租用村务大厅的一间公共会议室的事宜，九月一日晚上要用。
Let me just see. . . Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.
我看看......那天晚上我们的两个会议室都可以用。
There's our Main Hall-that's got seating for 200 people. Or there's the Charlton Room. . .
一个是主厅，里面可容纳200个人。另一间是Charlton会议室......
The main hall seats 200, so 200 has been written in the space.
主厅可容纳200个人，所以空白处应该填写200。
Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 6.
现在考试正式开始。你需要在听的过程中回答问题，因为录音只播放一次。请仔细听并回答问题1-6。
Hello?
你好？
Oh, hello. I wanted to enquire about hiring a room in the Village Hall, for the evening of September the first.
您好，我想问一下租用村务大厅的一间公共会议室的事宜，九月一日晚上要用。
Let me just see. . . Yes, we have both rooms available that evening.
我看看......那天晚上我们的两个会议室都可以用。
There's our Main Hall-that's got seating for 200 people. Or there's the Charlton Room. . .
一个是主厅，里面可容纳200个人。另一间是Charlton会议室......
Sorry?
不好意思，您说的是什么会议室？
The Charlton Room - C-H-A-R-l-T-0-N. That's got seating for up to one hundred.
Charlton会议室，名字拼写是C-H-A-R-l-T-0-N。这间会议室最多可容纳100个人。
Well, we're organising a dinner to raise money for a charity, and we're hoping for at least 150 people, so I think we'll go for the Main Hall.
我们要组织一个筹款的慈善晚宴，预期至少会有150个人出席，所以我想我们还是定主厅吧。
How much would that cost?
租用主厅要花多少钱？
Let's see. You wanted it for the evening of September 1st?
看看哈，你想要九月一日晚上用是吧？
Yes, that's a Saturday.
对，是个星期六。
So from 6 p. m. to midnight that'd be ￡115-that's the weekend price, it's ￡75 on weekdays.
从晚上6点到12点是115英镑，这是周末的价格，工作日租用的话只要75英镑。
That's all right.
可以。
And I have to tell you there's also a deposit of ￡250, which is returnable of course as long as there's no damage.
还有，你还要交个250英镑的押金，当然了，只要主厅没有出现什么破损，就会把押金退还给你的。
But we do insist that this is paid in cash, we don't take cards for that.
但是我们押金只收现金，不能刷卡。
You can pay the actual rent of the room however you like though - cash, credit card, cheque. . . 实际租金随便怎么支付都可以，现金、刷卡、支票......都没问题。
Oh, well I suppose that's OK. So does the charge include use of tables and chairs and so on? 嗯，我觉得应该没问题。你们收取的租金里面包括了使用桌椅之类的费用吗？
Oh, yes. - And what about parking?
包括了的。-停车费呢？
Yeah that's all included.
都包含在内了。
The only thing that isn't included is that. . . you said you were organising a dinner?
唯一一个没有包括的是......你刚才说你们要筹备一个晚宴？
Yeah.
是的。
Well, you'll have to pay extra for the kitchen if you want to use that. It's ￡25.
那如果你们要使用厨房的话，还要额外支付25英镑。
It's got very good facilities —good quality cookers and fridges and so on.
厨房里的设备都很棒，有质量很好的厨具，还有冰箱等等。
OK, well I suppose that's all right.
好的，我想应该没关系。
We can cover the cost in our entry charges.
我们可以把这个费用分摊到入场费里。
Right. So I'll make a note of that.
好的，我把这个记下来。
Now there are just one or two things you need to think about before the event.
那么现在，在你们举行活动之前还有一两件事情需要考虑。
For example, you'll have to see about getting a licence if you're planning to have any music during the meal.
比如，如果你们打算在晚宴期间来点音乐的话，要着手申请一个许可证。
Oh, really?
真的吗？
It's quite straightforward, I'll give you the details later on.
那很简单的，我稍后把详细信息告诉你。
And about a week or ten days before your event you'll need to contact the caretaker, that's Mr Evans, to make the arrangements for entry- he'Il sort that out with you.
另外，在活动开始前一个周或者十天左右，你需要跟管理员Mr. Evans联系，一起安排一下入场事宜。他会跟你一起搞定的。
And do I give him the payment as well?
我要付钱给他吗？
No, you do that directly with me.
不，你直接把钱给我。
Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 7 to 10.
在播放剩下的录音之前，你有一些时间阅读问题7-10。
Now listen and answer questions 7 to 10.
现在请听录音并回答问题7-10。
Right. Now is there anything I need to know about what happens during the event?
好的。那么在活动进行期间，我还有什么要注意的事情吗？
Well, as you'll be aware, of course the building is no smoking throughout.
嗯，你可能也会注意到，在整栋建筑里任何地方都不能吸烟。
Of course.
没问题。
Now, are you having a band? -Yes.
你们会请乐队吗？-是的。
Well, they'll have a lot of equipment, so rather than using the front door they should park their van round the back and use the stage door there.
他们会有很多乐器和设备的，所以，他们要把车停在后面，通过后台的门进来，而不是从前门进来。
You can open that from inside but don't forget to lock it at the end.
你可以从里面把后台的门打开，但是请别忘了结束之后把它锁上。
OK.
好的。
And talking of bands, I'm sure I don't need to tell you this, but you must make sure that no one fiddles about with the black box by the fire door-that's a system that cuts in when the volume reaches a certain level. It's a legal requirement.
说到乐队，我相信不用讲你也知道，但我还是要强调一下。你们必须确保没人乱动防火门旁边的黑盒子，那是个当声音太大的时候会自动插入的系统。这是个法律要求，必须遵守。
Sure. Anyway, we want people to be able to talk to one another so we don't want anything too loud.
应该的。反正我们也想让大家可以互相聊聊天，所以不会弄得太吵的。
Oh, that reminds me, we'll be having speeches-are there any microphones available?
这正好提醒了我，我们到时候会有演讲，你们这儿有话筒吗？
Yeah. Just let the caretaker know, he'll get those for you.
有的，你跟管理员说就好了，他会给你们的。
Right, now when the event is over we do ask that the premises are left in good condition.
还有，我们要求活动结束之后室内保持整洁。
So there's a locked cupboard and you'Il be informed of the code you need to open that.
所以，我们会告诉你打开锁着的橱柜需要的密码。
It's got all the cleaning equipment, brushes and detergent and so on.
柜子里有所有的清扫装备——刷子、清洁剂等等。
Right, so what do we need to do after everyone's gone?
好的，大家都走了之后我们要做什么？
Sweep the floors I suppose?
扫地？
Well actually they have to be washed not just swept.
事实上，你们不仅要扫地，还要把地拖干净。
Then you'll be provided with black plastic bags, so all the rubbish must be collected up and left outside the door.
然后我们会给你们一些黑色塑料袋，你们必须把所有的垃圾都装起来放到门外去。
Of course. We'll make sure everything's left tidy.
当然啦。我们会确保一切都干净整洁的。
Oh. and I forgot to ask.
对了，我刚才忘记问了。
l presume we can have decorations in the room?
我们可以在房间里做些装饰吧？
Yes, but you must take them down afterwards.
可以，但是结束之后必须把它们弄下来。
Sure.
没问题。
And the chairs and tables should be stacked up neatly at the back of the room.
还有，你们要把桌椅整齐地摆放在房间后面。
I'll make sure I've got a few people to help me.
我会叫几个人来帮我的。
SECTION 2
Welcome to the Fiddy Working Heritage Farm.
欢迎来到Fiddy Working Heritage 农场。
This open-air museum gives you the experience of agriculture and rural life in the English countryside at the end of the nineteenth century.
这个露天博物馆会让你们体验到19世纪末英国乡村地区的农业和农村生活。
So you'll see a typical farm of that period, and like me, all the staff are dressed in clothes of that time.
你们还会看到那个时期典型的农场面貌，并且这里所有的员工都和我一样，穿着那个时代的衣服。
I must give you some advice and safety tips before we go any further.
在我们继续进入农场之前，我必须跟你们提一些建议以及说一些安全要点。
As it's a working farm, please don't frighten or injure the animals.
由于这个农场仍在运营中，所以请不要惊吓或者伤害这里的动物。
We have a lot here, and many of them are breeds that are now quite rare.
这里有很多动物，而且很多都是如今非常稀有的品种。
And do stay at a safe distance from the tools: some of them have sharp points which can be pretty dangerous, so please don't touch them.
还有，请一定要和农场工具保持安全距离，它们中有一些非常尖锐，会很危险的，所以请不要碰它们。
We don't want any accidents, do we?
我们可不想出现任何意外，对吧？
The ground is very uneven, and you might slip if you're wearing sandals so I'm glad to see you're all wearing shoes - we always advise people to do that.
这里的地面坑坑洼洼的，如果你们穿着凉鞋过来的话可能会摔倒。我很高兴看见你们都穿了鞋子过来，我们一般都建议大家这么做。
Now, children of all ages are very welcome here, and usually even very young children love the ducks and lambs, so do bring them along next time you come.
我们欢迎所有年龄段的孩子来参观，而且即使特别小的孩子通常也很喜欢这里的鸭子和小羊，所以下次你们过来的时候可以带他们一起过来。
I don't think any of you have brought dogs with you, but in case you have, I'm afraid they'll have to stay in the car park, unless they're guide dogs.
我想你们应该没人带了狗过来吧，不过以防有人带了我还是说一下吧，恐怕你们得把狗留在停车场了，除非它们是导盲犬。
I'm sure you'll understand that they could cause a lot of problems on a farm.
我相信你们一定会理解的，因为它们可能会在农场造成很多麻烦。
. . . . . .
Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.
在播放剩下的录音之前，你有一些时间阅读问题15-20。
. . . . . .
Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.
现在请听录音并回答问题15-20。
. . . . . .
Now let me give you some idea of the layout of the farm.
现在我给你们介绍一下农场的布局。
The building where you bought your tickets is the New Barn, immediately to your right, and we're now at the beginning of the main path to the farmland —and of course the car park is on your left.
你们刚才买票的那栋楼是New Barn，就在你们右边；现在我们在去农场的主道的入口处，还有，当然啦，停车场在你们左边。
The scarecrow you can see in the car park in the corner beside the main path, is a traditional figure for keeping the birds away from crops, but our scarecrow is a permanent sculpture.
你们在停车场看见的那个放在主干道旁边角落里的稻草人，是个防止鸟儿靠近庄稼的传统特色，不过我们的稻草人是个固定的雕塑。
It's taller than a human being, so you can see it from quite a distance.
它比真人还要高，所以你们从很远的地方就能看见它。
If you look ahead of you you'll see a maze. It's opposite the New Barn beside the side path that branches off to the right just over there.
往前看的话会看到一个迷宫。就在New Barn对面，那里右边的分岔路旁边。
The maze is made out of hedges which are too tall for young children to see over them, but it's quite small, so you can't get lost in it!
围着这个迷宫的树篱比较高，小孩子是没法儿通过篱笆从上往下看的，不过它实际上只是个小迷宫，在里面不会走丢的。
Now can you see the bridge crossing the fish pool further up the main path?
你们能看见主干道远处那个鱼塘上面的桥吗？
If you want to go to the cafe go towards the bridge and turn right just before it.
如果你们想去餐厅的话，就朝着那座桥走，在桥前面右转。
Walk along the side path and the cafe's on the first bend you come to.
沿着分岔路一直走，餐厅就在你们看到的第一个拐弯的地方。
The building was originally the schoolhouse, and it's well over a hundred years old.
那栋建筑原本是个校舍，现在已经屹立在那儿一百多年了。
As you may know, we run skills workshops here, where you can learn traditional crafts like woodwork and basket-making.
你们也许知道，我们这儿还开了个技能学习班，在这里可以学到像木工和编篮子这样的传统手工技能。
You can see examples of the work, and talk to someone about the courses, in the Black Barn.
你们可以去Black Barn看看样品，找相关人员聊聊这些课程。
If you take the side path to the right here just by the New Barn you'll come to the Black Barn just where the path first bends.
从New Barn右边的这条岔路一直走，在第一个拐弯的地方就能找到Black Barn。
Now I mustn't forget to tell you about picnicking, as I can see some of you have brought your lunch with you.
现在我要跟你们说一下野餐的事情，因为我看见你们有些人已经带了午餐过来。
You can picnic in the field, though do clear up behind you, of course.
你们可以在田里野餐，不过记得吃完要收拾干净。
Or if you'd prefer a covered picnic area there's one near the farm yard: just after you cross the bridge there's a covered picnics spot on the right.
或者，如果你们不喜欢露天用餐的话，可以去农场院子附近，过了桥就能看见右边有个带屋顶的野餐场所。
And the last thing to mention is Fiddy House itself. From here you can cross the bridge then walk along the foot path through the field to the left of the farm yard.
最后要提的一个地方就是Fiddy House，你们可以从这里过桥，然后沿着步行小径一直走，穿过田野之后，走到农场院子左边。
That goes to the house, and it'll give you a lovely view of it.
这么走就能到达Fiddy House，而且一路上的风景也很漂亮。
It's certainly worth a few photographs, but as it's a private home, I'm afraid you can't go inside.
这座房子绝对适合拍几张照片，不过由于这是私人住宅，你们不能进去参观。
Right. Well, if you're all ready, we'll set off on our tour of the farm.
好了，如果你们都准备好了，那我们就出发去参观农场吧。
SECTION 3
OK, Greg, so I finally managed to read the article you mentioned —the one about the study on gender in physics.
Greg，我终于看完了你提到过的那篇文章，就是那篇关于研究物理学系的性别差异的文章。
About the study of college students done by Akira Miyake and his team?
那篇Akira Miyake的团队研究大学生的文章？
Yeah. I was interested that the researchers were actually a mix of psychologists and physicists.
这些研究人员中实际上既有心理学家又有物理学家，这一点让我很感兴趣。
That's an unusual combination.
这种组合可不常见。
Yeah. I got a little confused at first about which students the study was based on.
对，我一开始还有点弄不清楚，这项研究是针对哪些学生进行的。
They weren't actually majoring in physics —they were majoring in what's known as the STEM disciplines.
他们并不真的都是物理学专业的学生，他们的专业被称为STEM学科。
That's science, technology, engineering and. . . -. . . and math. Yes, but they were all doing physics courses as part of their studies.
里面包含了科学、技术、工程和.....数学。对，但是他们的一部分专业课都包括了物理学的课程。
That's correct. So as I understood it, Miyake and co started from the fact that women are
underrepresented in introductory physics courses at college, and also that on average, the women who do enrol on these courses perform more poorly than the men.
没错。从我理解的来看，Miyake团队是以女学生在物理入门课程中出席率不足这一事实作为切入点的，而且那些选择了物理课程的女学生平均成绩也要比男学生差一些。
No one really knows why this is the case.
没人知道为什么会出现这种情况。
Yeah. But what the researchers wanted to find out was basically what they could do about the relatively low level of the women's results.
对，但是这些研究人员基本上只是想要弄清楚他们能做些什么，来改善这种女生成绩相对较低的情况。
But in order to find a solution they needed to find out more about the nature of the problem.
但是为了找到解决方法，他们需要更深入地探究这一问题的本质。
Right. Now let's see if I can remember. . . it was that in the physics class, the female students thought the male students all assumed that women weren't any good at physics. . . was that it?
没错，看我记的对不对......在物理专业的班级中，女学生认为班上的男学生一致觉得她们根本不懂物理，对不对？
And they thought that the men expected them to get poor results in their tests.
而且她们还觉得男生指望她们在考试中取得不好的成绩。
That's what the women thought, and that made them nervous, so they did get poor results.
这只是她们自己以为而已，不过这种想法使她们紧张不安，最终成绩不理想。
But actually they were wrong. . . No one was making an assumptions about the female students at all.
但她们是错的，根本没人在对女学生做任何猜想。
Anyway, what Miyake's team did was quite simple —getting the students to do some writing before they went into the physics class.
不管怎样，Miyake团队做的事情非常简单，他们让学生们在进入物理课教室之前，先写了一些东西。
What did they call it?
他们管这个叫什么来着？
Values-affirmation —they had to write an essay focusing on things that were significant to them, not particularly to do with the subject they were studying, but more general things like music or people who mattered to them.
价值观认定。学生们要以对他们来说很重要的事情为题写一篇文章，不用特地选择和他们所学科目相关的话题，更多的是像音乐或者对他们很重要的人这类更平常的话题。
Right. So the idea of doing the writing is that this gets the students thinking in a positive way.
对的，写这篇文章的想法是让学生以一种积极的方式思考。
And putting these thoughts into words can relax them and help them overcome the psychological factors that lead to poor performance. Yeah.
而且把这些想法转换成文字，会让他们放松并帮助他们克服导致成绩不佳的心理障碍。
But what the researchers in the study hadn't expected was that this one activity raised the women's physics grades from the C to the B range.
但是让研究人员大感意外的是，这样一个简单的举动竟然使女生的物理成绩从C提高到了B。
A huge change. Pity it wasn't to an A, but still! No, but it does suggest that the women were seriously underperforming beforehand, in comparison with the men.
成绩提高幅度很大啊。虽然很遗憾没有提高到A，但是也不错了！不过这确实证明女学生与男学生相比，在考试之前就严重表现不佳。
Yes. Mind you, Miyake's article left out a lot of details.
对，提醒你一下，Miyake的文章中还省略了很多细节。
Like, did the students do the writing just once, or several times?
比如，这些学生只写了一次文章，还是好几次呢？
And had they been told why they were doing the writing? That might have affected the results.
还有，他们有没有告诉过这些学生为什么要写这篇文章？这可能会影响考试成绩的。
You mean, if they know the researchers thought it might help them to improve, then they'd just try to fulfil that expectation?
你的意思是说，如果学生知道研究人员认为这个方法也许能帮助他们提高成绩的话，他们就会努力达到这个期望？
Exactly.
没错。
Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 28-30.
在播放剩下的录音之前，你有一些时间阅读问题28-30。
Now, listen and answer questions 28-30.
现在请听录音并回答问题28-30。
So anyway, I thought for our project we could do a similar study, but investigate whether it really was the writing activity that had that result.
总之，我觉得我们在自己的项目中也可以做个相似的研究，不过我们要调查的是，是否真的是这个写作环节导致的那个结果。
OK. So we could ask them to do a writing task about something completely different. . . something more factual?
好的，我们可以叫他们以某个完全不同的事情，某个更加真实的事情为题写一篇文章？
Like a general knowledge topic.
比如以常识为题。
Maybe. . . or we could have half the students doing a writing task and half doing something else, like an oral task.
也许......我们可以让一半学生完成写作任务，另一半做点别的事情，比如口头任务。
Or even, half do the same writing task as in the original research and half do a factual writing task.
再或者，我们可以让一半学生做和原本研究中同样的写作任务，剩下的一半以真实事情为题写一篇文章。
Then we'd see if it really is the topic that made the difference, or something else.
这样我们就能知道是否真的是那个话题导致的成绩差异，还是其他事情。
That's it. Good. So at our meeting with the supervisor on Monday we can tell him we've decided on our project.
就是这样，太棒了。那我们星期一和导师见面的时候，就可以跟他说我们已经决定好做什么项目了。
We should have our aims ready by then.
在那之前我们应该把目标确定好。
I suppose we need to read the original study —the article's just a summary.
我想我们需要把原本的研究看一遍，那篇文章只是个总结。
And there was another article I read, by Smolinsky. It was about her research on how women and men perform in mixed teams in class, compared with single-sex teams and on their own.
我还读到过另一篇文章，是Smolinsky写的。这篇文章研究的是，和在单一性别小组以及自己独自学习时的表现相比，女生和男生在班上的混合性别小组的表现有什么不同。
Let me guess. . . the women were better at teamwork.
让我猜猜......女生在团队合作时表现更好。
That's what I expected, but actually the men and the women got the same results whether they were working in teams or on their own.
我也是这么想的，但是事实是，男生和女生无论是在团队合作还是独自一人时，表现都是一样的。
But I guess it's not that relevant to us.
不过我想这个和我们的项目没什么关系。
What worries me anyway is how we're going to get everything done in the time.
我真正担心的是，要如何按时完成所有的事情。
We'll be OK now we know what we're doing. Though I'm not clear how we assess whether the students in our experiment actually make any progress or not. . .
现在我们已经知道要做什么了就没问题了。不过我不是很清楚要怎么知道参与我们实验的学生是否真的取得了进步......
No. We may need some advice on that.
对啊，我们在这个问题上也许需要一些建议。
The main thing's to make sure we have the right size sample, not too big or too small.
主要的事情是，我们要确保试样规模正确，不能太大，也不能太小。
That shouldn't be difficult.
这应该不难。
Right, what do we need to do next?
那我们接下来需要做什么呢？
We could have a look at the time table for the science classes. . . or perhaps we should just make an appointment to see one of the science professors. That'd be better.
我们可以看看科学系班级的课程表，或者我们也许应该跟一位科学系教授约个时间见一面。这样也许更好。
Great. And we could even get to observe one of the classes.
很好，这样也许还有机会观察其中一个班级。
What for?
观察什么？
Well. . . OK maybe let's just go with your idea. Right, well. . .
嗯......好吧，也许我们还是直接按照你的想法来吧。
SECTION 4
I've been looking at ocean biodiversity, that's the diversity of species that live in the world's oceans.
我最近一直在关注海洋生物多样性，也就是生活在世界海洋中的生物的多样性。
About 20 years ago biologists developed the idea of what they called 'biodiversity hotspots'.
大约20年前，生物学家提出了他们称为"生物多样性热点地区"的概念。
These are the areas which have the greatest mixture of species, so one example is Madagascar.
这些地区拥有最大的混合物种群体，其中一个例子就是马达加斯加。
These hotspots are significant because they allow us to locate key areas for focusing efforts at conservation.
这些热点地区至关重要，因为它们给了我们锁定关键地区集中力量进行生物保护的机会。
Biologists can identify hotspots on land, fairly easily, but until recently, very little was known about species distribution and diversity in the oceans, and no one even knew if hotspots existed there.
生物学家们能够相当轻易地辨认出陆地上的热点地区，但是直到最近之前，人们对海洋中的生物分布和多样性都知之甚少，甚至没人知道海洋中是否存在这样的热点地区。
Then a Canadian biologist called Boris Worm did some research in 2005 on data on ocean species that he got from the fishing industry.
接着在2005年，一个叫Boris Worm的加拿大生物学家从捕鱼业中获得了关于海洋物种的数据，并对其进行了研究。
Worm located five hotspots for large ocean predators like sharks, and looked at what they had in common.
Worm锁定了海洋中像鲨鱼这样的大型食肉动物生活的五个热点地区，然后研究了它们的共同点。
The main thing he'd expected to find was that they had very high concentrations of food but to his surprise that was only true for four of the hotspots —the remaining hotspot was quite badly off in that regard.
他预计会出现的主要共同点是，在这些地区都有高度集中的食物来源，但是令他感到意外的是，这一观点只适用于其中四个热点地区，剩下的那个地区在这方面境况十分不佳。
But what he did find was that in all cases, the water at the surface of the ocean had relatively high temperatures even when it was cool at greater depths, so this seemed to be a factor in supporting a diverse range of these large predators.
不过他在所有案例中都发现了的一件事是，即使那些海域深处的水温较低，但它们表层水温都相对较高。这一点似乎能够成为支持大型海洋食肉动物多样化分布的因素。
However, this wasn't enough on its own, because he also found that the water needed to have enough oxygen in it—so these two factors seemed necessary to support the high metabolic rate of these large fish.
但是只有这一点还远远不够，因为他还发现海水中需要饱含足够的氧气，于是这两个因素一起便足够证明这些大型鱼类的高代谢率观点了。
A couple of years later, in 2007, a researcher called Lisa Ballance, who was working in California, also started looking for ocean hotspots, but not for fish —what she was interested in was marine mammals things like seals.
两年之后，在2007年，一位在加利福尼亚州工作的研究人员，Lisa Ballance也开始寻找海洋热点地区。不过她感兴趣的不是鱼类，而是海洋哺乳动物，比如海豹。
And she found three places in the oceans which were hotspots, and what these had in common was that these hotspots were all located at boundaries between ocean currents, and this seems to be the sort of place that has lots of the plankton that some of these species feed on.
她在海洋中找到了三个热点地区，它们的共同之处在于，所有的这些热点地区都位于洋流的交界处。这些海域中似乎拥有大量的浮游生物可供海洋哺乳动物食用。
So now people who want to protect the species that are endangered need to get as much information as possible.
如今人们想要保护濒危物种的话，就要尽可能多地获取相关信息。
For example, there's an international project called the Census of Marine Life.
举个例子来说，有一个国际工程叫做Census of Marine Life。
They've been surveying oceans all over the world, including the Arctic.
他们调查了世界上所有的海洋，包括北极地区的海洋。
One thing they found there which stunned other researchers was that there were large numbers of species which live below the ice —sometimes under a layer up to 20 meters thick.
他们在那儿发现了令其他研究人员瞠目结舌的一件事，那就是冰层之下生活着大量的生物物种，有些甚至生活在20米厚的冰层之下。
Some of these species had never been seen before.
这些物种中有些人们之前从未见过。
They've even found species of octopus living in these conditions.
他们甚至还发现一种章鱼也生活在这种环境中。
And other scientists working on the same project, but researching very different habitats on the ocean floor, have found large numbers of species congregating around volcanoes, attracted to them by the warmth and nutrients there.
其他科学家也从事同样的研究，但他们研究的是海底的一些非常与众不同的栖息地。他们发现有大量生物聚集在海底火山周围，吸引它们过来的是那里温暖的海水和丰富的营养物质。
. . . . . .
However, biologists still don't know how serious the threat to their survival is for each individual species.
但是，生物学家仍不知道每种生物的生存受到的威胁有多么严重。
So a body called the Global Marine Species Assessment is now creating a list of endangered species on land.
于是现在一个名叫Global Marine Species Assessment 的组织正在编写一份陆地上濒危物种的名单。
So they consider things like the size of the population —how many members of one species there are in a particular place —and then they look at their distribution in geographical terms.
他们考虑的是像族群规模（特定地区内某一生物的数量有多少）这样的因素，然后，他们便着眼于这些生物在地理上的分布。
Although this is quite difficult when you're looking at fish, because they're so mobile, and then thirdly the calculate the rate at which the decline of the species is happening.
不过这一点在观察鱼类的时候相当困难，因为它们流动性太大了。第三步是计算这种生物数量减少的比率。
So far only 1, 500 species have been assessed, but they want to increase this figure to 20, 000.
到目前为止，他们只评估了1500种生物，不过他们希望将这一数字增加到20000。
For each one they assess, they use the data they collect on that species to produce a map showing its distribution.
他们在评估每一种生物时，都会用他们收集到的关于这种生物的数据来绘制一幅地图，显示它们的分布。
Ultimately they will be able to use these to figure out not only where most species are located but also where they are most threatened.
最终，他们将不仅可以通过这些地图发现大部分生物生活的地点，还能弄清楚它们在哪里受到的威胁最大。
So finally, what can be done to retain the diversity of species in the world's oceans?
那么，要保持世界海洋中的生物多样性，我们能做些什么呢？
Firstly, we need to set up more reserves in our oceans, places where marine species are protected.
首先，我们要在海洋中设置更多自然保护区，在保护区内海洋生物可以受到保护。
We have some, but not enough.
目前海洋中已经有了一些保护区，但是还远远不够。
In addition, to preserve species such as leatherback turtles, which live out in the high seas but have their nesting sites on the American coast, we need to create corridors for migration, so they can get from one area to another safely.
另外，还有一些生物比如棱皮龟，它们生活在外海中，但是筑巢点却在美国海岸，为了保护它们，我们需要建立一些迁徙廊道，这样它们就能从一个地区安全地到达另一个地区了。
As well as this, action needs to be taken to lower the levels of fishing quotas to prevent overfishing of endangered species.
除此之外，我们还需要采取行动降低捕鱼限额，以防止濒危物种被过度捕捞。
And finally, there's the problem of 'by-catch'.
最后，还存在"副渔获"的问题。
This refers to the catching of unwanted fish by fishing boats —they're returned to the sea, but they're often dead or dying.
"副渔获"指的是渔船会捕捞到不想要的鱼类，他们通常会把这些鱼放回大海，但是放生时这些鱼一般已经死了或者命不久矣。