哈工大机械系统设计论文

哈工大机械系统设计论文

学院：机电工程

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摘要：By the end of mechanical principles, after mechanical design, we have a preliminary understanding of the machinery such subjects, but also learn some mechanical mechanism selection, part design, power plant, select the drive mode, the transmission arrangement position, the actuator design and so on, but these are locally designed, not continuous, without considering the entire system of control, debugging, testing and final shape, can be said that a preliminary design, without considering the overall effect of the whole assembled functionality and accuracy, but We devised a machine (mechanical device) purpose is to achieve a certain precision production and processing capabilities, instead of doing so, accelerate the development of the manufacturing sector, which means that most machines will help us design aim is to achieve a certain function, which requires considering the overall effect, overall coordination, accurate and orderly implementation of our design capabilities, which is the mechanical principles, mechanical design two courses not covered, and mechanical system design of this semester, begins with the overall system considerations, from the simple part design up to the system design, not only so that the machine can "move", and to achieve its precise control, we hope to achieve the accuracy and function, that is, we give a mechanical system with "nervous system", let controllable work, reasonable arrangement, a planned target for the production of human services, of course this is just a mechanical system of learning on the one hand, from another point of view, learn mechanical system design methods can effectively guide our design work, from the big side (overall system) starting step by step refinement, design and processing, to improve assembly, testing stereotypes, can greatly reduce design time, detours, improve efficiency, in addition, the use of "black box method "From the start the main function, accessibility is considered in turn, power distribution, transmission mode design choices, institutions, there is a clear design steps and objectives, and may choose eliminated in a variety of configurations, select the final configuration, in order to achieve mechanical means simple, flexible, appropriate volume, can effectively achieve the desired functionality, environmentally friendly and so modern production of mechanical equipment. That mechanical design system is mechanical principle and mechanical design of a supplement only "part" not machine, only the system is not a machine, only a combination of both, in order to become a complete machinery, from the mechanical principle and mechanical design to

machinery System design is lifted from the bottom to the top, is the character of machinery and equipment from the local to the whole jump, good system decision, and precision machinery parts precision overall level of the decision, their mutual restraint, mutual mapping, only Mechanical systems and two-way choice of specific agencies, compatible complementary, to get the optimal solution, optimal design of mechanical equipment, the perfect realization of the design of the required functions. Let me from the mechanical principles, mechanical design, mechanical system design are considered three aspects to demonstrate this view.

一，机械原理概述

机械原理（theory of machines and mechanisms），研究机械中机构的结构和运动，以及机器的结构、受力、质量和运动的学科。这一学科的主要组成部分为机构学和机械动力学。人们一般把机构和机器合称为机械。机构是由两个以上的构件通过活动联接以实现规定运动的组合体。机器是由一个或一个以上的机构组成，用来作有用的功或完成机械能与其他形式的能量之间的转换。机构学的研究对象是机器中的各种常用机构，如连杆机构、凸轮机构、齿轮机构、螺旋机构和间歇运动机构（如棘轮机构、槽轮机构等）以及组合机构等。它的研究内容是机构结构的组成原理和运动确定性，以及机构的运动分析和综合。机构学在研究机构的运动时仅从几何的观点出发，而不考虑力对运动的影响。机械动力学的研究对象是机器或机器的组合。研究内容是确定机器在已知力作用下的真实运动规律及其调节、摩擦力和机械效率、惯性力的平衡等问题。

按机械原理的传统研究方式，一般不考虑构件接触面间的间隙、构件的弹性或温差变形以及制造和装配等所引起的误差。这对低速运转的机械一般是可行的。但随着机械向高速、高精度方向发展，还必须研究由上述因素引起的运动变化。因而从40年代开始，又提出了机构精确度问题。由于航天技术以及机械手和工业机器人的飞速发展，机构精确度问题已越来越引起人们的重视，并已成为机械原理的不可缺少的一个组成部分。

二，机械设计

Mechanical principles (theory of machines and mechanisms), the structure and organization of sports research machinery, as well as the structure of the machine, by the disciplinary force, mass and motion. The main part of this subject is science and mechanical dynamics institutions. It is generally the institutions

and the machine collectively known machinery. Mechanism is composed of two or more members through the activities in order to achieve a combination of provisions coupled motion. Machine is made of one or more of the agencies, to make useful work or completion of mechanical energy conversion and among other forms of energy. The study of mechanism of the machine used in a variety of institutions, such as a link mechanism, cam mechanisms, gears, screw mechanism and the intermittent mechanism (such as a ratchet mechanism, sheave institutions, etc.) and a combination of institutions. Its contents are composed of motion analysis and synthesis of the principles of institutional structures and motion uncertainty, and institutions. Bodies during exercise science research institutions only geometric standpoint, regardless of the impact on the movement of forces. Study mechanical dynamics of a machine or machine combination. Research is to determine the true movement of the machine at a known force and its regulation, friction and mechanical efficiency, balance the inertial forces and other issues.

The traditional research methods of mechanical principles, generally do not consider the gap between the contact surface member, the elastic member is deformed or the temperature difference and the manufacture and assembly error caused. This low speed machinery is generally feasible. But with the development of the mechanical speed, high precision orientation, change also must study the motion by the factors. Thus from the beginning of the 1940s, it has also filed a mechanism accuracy problems. Due to the rapid development of space technology and robotics and industrial robots, institutions accuracy issue has drawn increasing attention and has become an indispensable part of the mechanical principle.

三，机械系统设计

System refers to a specific function, as a whole, which consists of two or more elements are composed of whole system has a certain structure and specific functions to each other many elements of connection are formed. The system itself can be divided into several subsystems, the subsystem can also be separated in sometimes more

smaller boy system, in turn, the system itself can also serve as a subsystem of a larger system. For example, the camera itself can be seen as a system of machine, light, power and control system thereof. As to its mechanical systems in minutes, and it can be divided into the camera housing, optical lens supporting frame, film support frame and forward, back film drive mechanism, such as different mechanical subsystems.

A specific system of any mechanical products are composed of several parts and equipment component, which is determined by the number of physical mass, stiffness and damping are composed of organic links between each other, and to accomplish a specific function of the system, it is called mechanical system. Mechanical design courses taught in various mechanical parts are basic components of the mechanical system, which is composed of a variety of different functions of mechanical systems linked organically. Mechanical system has the following characteristics: purpose, relevance and integrity, adaptability to the environment. Mechanical system consisting of: Power system, execution system, transmission, steering control system of the amount of the support system, lubrication cooling and sealing systems.

Status and Role of the mechanical system. Any mechanical products are inseparable from the mechanical system, whether it is cars, airplanes or steam turbines, rolling mills and even robots, machining centers such mechatronics products must be performed by a mechanical system. Commonly referred to as machining centers are also based on mechanical systems above, should appropriate control theory and methods. Mechanical system design approach can effectively guide our design work, from the big side (overall system) starting step by step refinement, design and processing, to improve assembly, testing stereotypes, can greatly reduce design time, detours, improve efficiency, in addition, the use of "black box method", proceed from the main function, accessibility is considered in turn, power distribution, transmission mode design choices, institutions, there is a clear design steps and objectives, and may be selected in a variety of structures eliminated, choose the final configuration to achieve mechanical means simple,

flexible, appropriate volume, can effectively achieve the desired functionality, environmentally-friendly and so modern production of machinery and equipment. That mechanical design system is mechanical principle and mechanical design of a supplement only "part" not machine, only the system is not a machine, only a combination of both, in order to become a complete machinery, from the mechanical principle and mechanical design to machinery System design is lifted from the bottom to the top, is the character of machinery and equipment from the local to the whole jump, good system decision, and precision machinery parts precision overall level of the decision, their mutual restraint, mutual mapping, only Mechanical systems and two-way choice of specific agencies, compatible complementary, to get the optimal solution, optimal design of mechanical equipment, the perfect realization of the design of the required functions.

四，三者联系

机械原理，机械设计后，我们的对机械这么学科有了初步的了解，也学会的了一些机械机构，零件的设计，动力装置的选择，传动方式的选择，传动位置的布置，执行机构的设计等，但是这些都是局部设计，不连续的，没有考虑整个系统的控制，调试，测试和最终定型，可以说是一种初步设计，没有考虑整体组装后的整体效应功能和精度，但是，我们设计发明机器（机械装置）的目的便是实现一定精度的生产加工功能，代替人工，加速制造业的发展，也就是说我们设计机器的最助要目的是实现一定的功能，这就要求考虑整体效应，整体协调工作，准确而有序的实现我们设计的功能，而这正是机械原理，与机械设计两门课程没有涉及到的，而本学期所学的机械系统设计，便从整体系统方面考虑，从单纯的零件设计上升到系统设计，不仅让机器能“动”，而要实现对其准确的控制，实现我们希望达到的精度与功能，也就是说，我们给机械系统配以“神经系统”，让其可控的工作，合理的布置，有计划有目标的为人类生产服务，当然这只是机械系统学习的一方面。

五，参考文献

[1].王知行，刘廷荣，机械原理[M],北京高等教育出版社，2000.

[2].宋宝玉，王黎钦，机械设计，高等教育出版社，2009.

[3].侯珍秀，机械系统设计，哈尔冰工业大学出版社，2000.