中考英语初三 完型填空1

第十六讲英语完形填空解题技巧

姓名______学校______年级_______

【学习目标】对于中考完型填空题型进行系统技巧训练

【知识要点】

●解题的总体思路：

1.总体把握

要通读完形填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。切不可把宝贵的时间浪费在个别字句推敲上。

2.弄清体裁

文章体裁通常分为四种：论述文、记叙文、说明文和应用文。中考选文以叙事性文章为主（即记叙文），如：幽默故事、科普知识、童话、简短新闻、名人轶事、社会热点问题等。读这类文章，要大体上了解故事所涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件及前因后果。

3.重视主题句

完形填空所用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”，甚至能以语句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。

4.语境联想

利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。

◆解题过程应从以下三个方面考虑：

1.词语搭配

1)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。

如：see a film，read a book, watch TV

2)常见的句式：

如：

It feels+形容词+不定式(to do sth.).

It’s time for sb. to do sth.

3)要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。

如：

look for（寻找）

look over（检查）

look out（小心）

look after（照顾）

look up（查字典等资料）等。

要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。

如：

I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary.

The book cost me a lot.

It took three men to lift the box.

He spent￥1000 on the watch.

句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通，但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化。

要注意单个词组的多义性。

如：

take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假”等多种含意。

2.语法判定

(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面：

a.名词的选择：

应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，

注意格和数（单数和复数，可数名词和不可数名词）。

b.动词的选用：

要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。

c.选择介词：

应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。

d.选择代词：

要注意性（名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词）、数（单数和复数）、格（主格和宾格）是否准确。

e.选择连词：

要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。

f.选择形容词和副词：

要注意区分形容词和副词，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化（原级、比较级、最高级）。

(2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装。

a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，

其次是祈使句的零时态等。

b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。

中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。

c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。

(3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法

a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。

b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。

3. 例举对比。

在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。

总结：

完形填空所选的短文的文体多以记叙文为主。

■一般的解题过程是：

1.通读全文，掌握大意。

结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。

2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。

在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。

3.反复推敲，攻克难关。（难点）

如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词（名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和数词）多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词（介词，连词，冠词和感叹词）多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填等。

4.验证答案，修正错误。

着重注意这一点：文章是否顺畅。

【完形填空必备短语】

Group A

1.with the help of 在～～帮助下under the leadership / care of 在～～领导/关心下

2.be strict with sb. 对～人要求严格be strict in sth. 对～事要求严格

3. at present=at the present time 目前for the present 暂时

4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下under the sun 在世界上

5. lie in 位于～～之内lie on 同～～接壤lie to 位于～～之外

6. at least 至少in the least 丝毫，一点

7. by name 名叫in the name of 以～～名义

8. in the air 空中，在流传on the air 播出

9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用～～方法in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上

get one’s own way to do 随心所欲give way 让步，屈服lose one’s way迷路

by the way 顺便说一下on one’s way to 在去～～的路上Come this way 这边走10.at the corner 在拐角处(外角)in the corner 在角落里(内角)

on the corner 在角落上(外角上)

11.judge by / from 根据～～来判断judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断

12.at the end (of)在～～结束时at the beginning of 在～～开始时

at the back of 在～～背后，支持at the age of ～～岁时at the foot of 在～～脚下at the bottom of 在～～底部at the top of 在～～顶上

at/on the edge of在～～边上

13.in the course of 在～～过程中in the eyes of 从～～观点看来，在～～眼里

in the face of面对～，尽管，纵使in the middle of 在～中间

in the end =at last=finally 最后

14. on the eve of 在～～前夕on the side of 在～～一边

15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间

16. behind time 迟到，过期behind the times 落在时代后面

17. at no time 决不in no time 立即，马上

18. at one time = once time 曾经at a time = each time每次at times = sometimes有时

at all times 经常，一直，始终at the same time 同时at the time 在～～的时候by the time 到～～的时候

19. for a moment 一会儿for the moment 暂时at the moment 当时

the moment /minute /instance 正当～～一刹那

20.once or twice 一两次more than once 不止一次once more 重新,又

once upon a time 从前once in a while 偶尔

Group B

1.以break为中心的词组

break away from脱离，逃离breakdown破坏，粉碎；瓦解；出故障，抛锚

break in闯进，打断；使顺服break into闯入；强行进入；突然开始

break out爆发，发生；准备使用；起锚break the law违反法律

break the record破记录b reak one’s promise失言

break up开垦，破碎；解散，分开，分解

2.以catch为中心的词组

be caught doing被发现做某事be caught in the rain淋雨catch up with赶上，追上catch a bus/train赶汽车/火车catch a cold伤风，感冒

catch one’ s word听懂某人的话catch sight of发现，瞥见

3.以come为中心的词组

come across偶尔发现，想起；越过；偿付come along一道来，陪伴；进步，进展；出现come at达到，求得，得到；扑向，袭击come back回来；恢复，复原

come down倒下；降落；跌落；病倒come from来自，起源于，从~~产生，生于come in进来，进入；流行起来；获名次come into being发生，产生，出现，形成come into power开始执政，当权，当选come into use开始使用，获得应用

come on上演；开始；赶快；发展；登台；(问题)被提出come to know开始了解到come out出来，传出；出版；结果是；褪色；(秘密)泄露

come to苏醒，复原；共计；达到；归结于come to an end终止，结束

come true实现，成为现实；证实come up走近；上楼；长出，发芽

4.以do为中心的词组

be done in精疲力竭be done with完全结束do a good deed做一件好事

do away with去掉，废除；弄死；浪费do good to(=do sb. good)有益于

do harm to(=do sb. good)有害于do it ’s wor k有效，有作用do much极有用

do wrong to做错do one’s best尽某人最大努力do one’s homework做作业

d o one’s utmost尽力而为do proud足以使~~骄傲do sb. justice公平对待某人

do some cleaning(V+ing，etc.)搞卫生do sb. a favor帮助某人

do well in学得不错，干得漂亮do with和~~相处，忍受，处理do without不需要，不用do wonders创造奇迹have much to do with和~~很有关系

have nothing to do with与~~无关have something to do with和~~有关

in doing so=in so doing这时，在这种情况下That will do.行了；够了

5.以get为中心的词组

get about徘徊，走动，旅行；流传get above oneself自视高傲

get accustomed to习惯于，对~~习以为常get across度过，通过，横过；说服，使理解get ahead of胜过，超过get along前进，进步同意；离去get along with与~~相处get at发现，了解；掌握；攻击have got to do不得不，必须get away离开，逃脱get back取回，回来；报复get behind落后；识破

get down咽下；写下；使沮丧，使抑郁get down to认真对待，静下心来

get familiar with熟悉

get hold of获得，取得get home到家get in进入，陷入；牵涉

get off送走；脱下（衣服）；下车；动身get on上车；穿上；进步，使前进；成功；相处get upon with进步；在~~方面获得成功get one’s hand in熟悉；习惯

get out of由~~出来，从~~得出；避免；退休get over越过；恢复，痊愈；克服；完成get ready for为~~作准备get rid of除去，去掉；免除，摆脱

get through到达，完成，通过；及格get together积聚，积累；商谈，取得一致意见get up起床，起立；研究，钻研；致力于；安排，组织get used to习惯于

6.以give为中心的词组

be given to沉溺于，癖好give about分配；传播give and take相互迁就

give away赠送；牺牲；泄露；颁发give back归还give cause给予~~的理由

give ear to侧耳倾听give forth发出，放出；发表give in屈服，让步，投降

give into同意，接受；向~~让步give off发出（烟，气味）

give oneself out to be/as自称为give oneself up to专心于；向~~自首

give out分发，公布give place to让位于，被~~所替代

give rise to引起，导致；使~~发生give sb. To understand通知某人

give up放弃；停止give way to让步，退却；屈服于

7.以look为中心的词组

look about四下环顾；查看look after照顾，看管look around东张西望

look at注视，着眼于look back回顾look for寻找；期待，期望

look down on俯视；轻视look forward to盼望，期待look into窥视；调查；浏览look like看起来象look on旁观；面向look out向外看；注意；当心，堤防

look over从上面看过去；检查look through透过~~看去；看穿；浏览

look up to仰望，尊敬

8.以make为中心的词组

be made from由~~原料制成be made of由~~材料制成be made up of由~~组成make a fool of愚弄，欺骗make a mistake弄错

make a point of doing强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持

make advantages/use of使用，利用make after追求，追赶make believe假装make certain确信，把~~弄清楚make contact with接通，与~~接触，与~~联系make for去向，向~~前进；有利于make friends with和~~交友

make into把~~制成，使~~转变为make much of重视；理解；赏识

make one’s mind on sth.决定某事make one’s own当作自己的看待

make oneself at home随便，别拘束make out填写；开支票；理解；辨认

make the best of尽量利用；极为重视make up弥补修理赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装make up to接近，巴结；向~~求爱make way for为~~让路，让路于

on the make急求成功；增加

9.以put为中心的词组

put a side把~~放在一边；搁臵；排除put away把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉put back把~~放回原处；驳回put down放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落put forward提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议put into把~~放入；插入；翻译成put off推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞put on上演；穿上，带上put up with忍受，容忍put one’s heart into全神贯注，专心致志put up举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列10.以take为中心的词组

be taken a back吃惊take a seat就坐take a shower淋浴，洗澡

take aim瞄准，设立目标take away拿走，减去；夺去

take by surprise出奇制胜take one’s place就坐，入坐

take care of当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责

take office就职，上任take for把~当作take part in参与，参加

take off脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱

take one’s temperature量体温take it easy别着急，慢慢来

take place=happen发生，举行take the place of代替

take pridein以~~为荣，对~~骄傲take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊

11.以turn为中心的词组

give a new turn to对~~予以新的看法in one’s turn轮到某人做某事

out of turn不按次序的，不合适宜的take one’s turn to do轮到做

turn a blind eye to对~~视而不见turn against背叛，采取敌对态度

turn back折回，往回走turndown折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑

turn into走进；变成，变为turn to for help求助于

turn off关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产

turn on打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于

turn one’s attention to把注意力转向turn out培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是turn out to be原来是，证明是，结果是

turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新

turn(a)round旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策

turn to变成；着手于turn up side down颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱

【基础练习】

Group A

带介词的固定短语练习

【2012福州】1. Bill has made great progress _______the help of his teachers.

A. for

B. with

C. under

【2012贵州】2. Her mother goes to work ______ bus every morning.

A. by

B. at

C. on

D. in

【2012北京】3.—Is your father home? —No，he's working late ____ the office.

A.on

B. at

C. of

D. To

【2012贵州】4. I like going to school _____my bike．

A．in B．on C．by D．at

【2012湖北】5.― I think drinking milk every morning is good _________ our health.

―Yes. I agree ________ you.

A. to; to

B. with; to

C. at; with

D. for; with

【2012江苏】6. On the way _____ the mountain village, we found the local houses different from ours.

A. to

B. by

C. at

D. on

【2012江苏】7. The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start ____ the coming July.

A. on

B. in

C. at

D. to

【2012广东】8.______ an Englishman, John is looking forwards ______the 2012 Olympic Games.

A. Of; in

B. With; for

C. For; at

D. As; to

【2012河南】9. —I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in_______ the window.

—It's dangerous to do that.

A.in

B. through

C. over

D. to

【2012四川】10. I think it's not polite to laugh ______ others.

A. in

B. at

C. over

【2012四川】11. Practicing in groups is good ______ us to learn English.

A. at

B. in

C. for

【2012南充】12. Our teachers are very strict ______ us.

A. with

B. to

C. on

【2012四川】13. Tony and I are good friends. We usually learn a lot ____ each other.

A. of

B.from

C. across

【2012湖北】14. —Do you prefer classical music _____ pop music?—Pop music, I think.

A. to

B. or

C. than

D. for

【2012山东】15. I gave up the piano lessons because I have so much homework to do, but it's _______ my own wishes.

A. in

B. on

C. for

D. against

根据句意选择合适词组

【2012湖北】1. ---The box is too heavy to carry. What's in it? ---Oh, it is ___________ books.

A. filled with

B. covered with

C. used for

D. asked for 【2012湖北】2. After a lot of training, Liu Xiang ______ many difficulties. And he is at the top of this game now.

A. made of

B. heard of

C. came over

D. got over 【2012湖北】3.Don't worry! I'm sure you'll_____ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.

A.catch up with

B. get on well with

C. agree with

D. be strict with 【2012湖北】4. —________ the doctors, the most beautiful teacher Zhang Lili is out of danger.

—We wish her to live a healthy and happy life in the future.

A. In front of

B. Thanks to

C. As for

D. Across from 【2012南京】5. A YOG volunteer team mostly university and middle school students. They will mainly provide languages voluntary services.

A. consists of

B. belongs to

C. thinks of

D. leads to 【2012 呼和浩特】6. The accident happened ______ 7 p. m. ______ 9 p. m..

A. from; to

B. between; to

C. from; and

D. between; and 【2012湖北】7. —What does your father think of your school report this term?

—The smile on his face shows he is _____ what I did in my study.

A. worried about

B. sorry for

C. angry with

D. pleased with 【2012浙江】8. Parents enjoy any progress their children have made and will feel ________ them.

A. angry with

B. interested in

C. proud of

D. worried about

零散介词练习

【2012广西】1. Don't waste water. Water is very important and no one can live __________it.

A. without

B. with

C. except

D. besides

【2012湖北】2. The two kids practice spoken English ________joining the English club.

A. by

B. in

C. on

D. with

【2012连云港】3.—Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school?

—Sure. No subject can be learned well hard work.

A. without

B. through

C. by

D. with

【2012南京】4. My father has a habit of jogging ____ the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .

A. between

B. along

C. over

D. through

【2012江苏】5. Yesterday I downloaded a new program ______the Internet. Now I can watch TV

and movies ______ my computer.

A. from；on

B. with；in C, in；with D. on；from

【2012江苏】6. Don't drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _____the tunnel.

A. past

B. across

C. over

D. through

【2012江苏】7. The 30th London Olympic Games will begin _______ 27th July 2012.

A. in

B. on

C. at

D. for

【2012大连】8.Project Hope has built many schools ____ big classrooms and libraries.

A. in

B. of

C. for

D. with

【2012黄冈】9. —Sandy, I called you at 9:00 last night, but nobody answered the phone

—I'm sorry. We _____ a birthday party _____ Jerry.

A. had; with

B. were having; for

C. are having; for

D. had; for

【2012黄冈】10. —Do you believe that paper is made _____ wood?.

—Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made____ paper.

A. from; from

B. from; of

C. of; from

D. of; of

【2012 山东】11.—______ the afternoon of June 2nd, many foreigners arrived ______ Shanghai.

A. In; at

B. On; to

C. In; in

D. On; in

【2012.山东】12. －What does your new English teacher look like?

－She is a pretty lady______ long hair.

A. at

B. for

C. with

D. of

【2012济南】13.—Thanks ______ joining the Talk Show! —You're welcome.

A. by

B. on

C. of

D. for

【2012 山东】14. English is my favorite subject, and I am good _____it.

A. for

B. to

C. at

D. of

【2012山东】15. The accident happened ____ a cold winter early morning.

A. in

B. at

C. on

D. for

【2012陕西】16. —Who did you go to the movie______?—Nobody. I went alone.

A. with

B. about

C. for

D. from

【2012成都17. Tom usually goes fishing ________ Sunday morning.

A. at

B. on

C. for

【2012绵阳】18. Linda has bought a large house ________ a swimming pool.

A. with

B. in

C. on

D. from

【2012湖南】19. —What do you think of Zhou Libo?

—I think he does well ____ talk shows. Many people like him.

A. in

B. on

C. at

Group B

( ) 1. Lily is upset these days. Do you know how to ______ her ______?

A. cheer; up

B. cheer; on

C. pick; up

D. put; away

( ) 2. Please _______these test papers to each student.

A. give off

B. give out

C. give up

D. give in

( ) 3. All the students must ______your homework before ten o’clock, or you will be punished.

A. hand out

B. hand in

C. hand over

D. hand on

( ) 4. Would you please _______ the music a little, Lily? I am learning English.

A. turn up

B. turn down

C. turn off

D. turn on

( ) 5. Attention, please! The plane will _____ in a minute. Every passenger, please fasten(系) your safety belt.

A. take up

B. take off

C. take over

D. take down

( ) 6. This math problem is very difficult, so I can’t ______it ______.

A. work; out

B. point; out

C. set; up

D. try; on

( ) 7. If you don’t know the meaning of the word, you can _______ it _______ in the dictionary.

A. look; up

B. look; into

C. make; up

D. dress; up

( ) 8. The old man _______ cancer at last.

A. died from

B. died of

C. goes through

D. ends with

( ) 9. --What does your mother _______? --She is tall and beautiful.

A. look after

B. look like

C. look at

D. look for

( ) 10. I don’t know how to _______my sad feeling. Can you help me?

A. do with

B. deal with

C. run after

D. go over

( ) 11. I _______ my English teacher this morning while I was eating breakfast.

A. came about

B. came from

C. came across

D. came over

( ) 12. --Shall I take you to the shopping center after school?

-- No, thanks. My father said he would ______ on his way home.

A. look for me

B. pick me up

C. let me down

D. take after me

( ) 13.—Why don’t you _______the correct spelling of the word?

—I’m sorry. I don’t have a Chinese-English dictionary at hand.

A. look for

B. look down

C. look up

D. look at

( ) 14. Have you _______ your new classmates yet?

A. had friends with

B. made friend with

C. got friend to

D. made friends with ( ) 15—Would you mind ______ my baby while I am away? —Of course not.

A. looking for

B. looking at

C. looking after

D. looking forward to

( ) 16..Tom, ______ your sunglasses. The sun is so bright.

A. put on

B. put up

C. put away

D. put down

( ) 17.—Could I speak to Lily, please?--_____ a minute. I will call her at once.

A. Hold on

B. Pass on

C. Put on

D. Hold back

( ) 18.I am sure those scientists will ______ a way to solve the difficult problem.

A. put up

B. come up with

C. look up

D. come up

( ) 19.--Tim, ______ your T-shirt at once! It looks so dirty.--Sorry, Mum. I was playing football the whole afternoon.

A. take off

B. take on

C. put off

D. put on

( ) 20.---Could you come to my home this weekend?

--I’m afraid I can’t. I_____ look after my grandmother in hospital.

A. used to

B. have to

C. prefer to

D. belong to

( ) 21.The global financial crisis(金融危机) has made many people_____ their money.

A. to care for

B. took care of

C. be careful with

D. to be cared about ( ) 22.---These problems are too difficult to ___ . Could you please give me some advice?

--There are many ways, but the most important is to think them over before doing them.

A. work out

B. look out

C. hand out

D. put out

( ) 23.--I’m sorry I can’t find the library book anywhere. --I’m afraid you have to ______ it.

A. send for

B. call for

C. pay for

D. wait for

( ) 24.---,Jim, what are you doing now?

--I’m writing to my good friend, Tom．He moved to America last week．He must be_____ receiving my e-mail．

A．1istening to B．looking forward to C．hoping to D. excited to

( ) 25. Jill doesn’t like the sunglasses in the ad because they can’t _____ the sun well.

A. take out

B. keep out

C. clean out

D. look out

( ) 26. It is impolite to _____ those people in trouble．

A．1augh to B. 1augh with C. laugh of D. 1augh at

( ) 27.My grandmother________ us stories when we were young．

A．was used to tell B．is used to telling C．used to tell D．was used to tell ( ) 28. Many old buildings were _______ and new buildings are being built.

A. put out

B. pulled down

C. gone down

D. fell down

( ) 29.—Tess, your books are in a terrible mess (凌乱)on your desk.

—I’m sorry. I’ll _________ at once.

A. put them away

B. put them out

C. put them on

D. put them down ( ) 30. .More and more waste has ___ a lot of space. We should take some measures to reduce it.

A. taken place

B. taken away

C. taken up

D. taken off

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