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力学专业英语资料(一)考研必备

力学专业英语资料(一)考研必备
力学专业英语资料(一)考研必备

I. Theoretical Mechanics理论力学

Gravitational Force, Gravity

重力

Concurrent Force汇交力, Coplanar Force共面力

Force, Torque / Moment扭矩, Couple 约束力,反应,被动力,内力

Constraint Force, Reaction, Passive Force, Internal/External Force 静力学直角坐标分量,合力,平行四边形准则

Rectangular Components, Resultant Force, Parallelogram Law 1. Statics Composition of Force力的合成, Free Body Diagram隔离体

Vector (Magnitude, Direction)矢量, Scalar标量

静力平衡平衡方程平衡条件Net Force = 0

Static Equilibrium, Equation of Equilibrium, Conditions for Equilibrium

Net Torque/Moment = 0

Rectilinear Movement

Motion of Particle粒子运动

Curvilinear Movement

运动学 Translation平移

2. Kinematics Motion of Rigid Body刚体运动

Rotation扭转

Linear线性的

Velocity速度, Acceleration加速度

Angular有角的

Momentum, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy动量,动能,势能

动力学Moment of Inertia (Rectangular, Polar), Radius of Gyration惯性矩,回转半径

3. Dynamics, Kinetics Centroid (Center of Mass/Gravity)中心

Vibration, Oscillation (Free/Forced/Damped/Undamped)振动

Simple Harmonic Motion, Period, Frequency简谐振动,周期,频率

Pendulum, Centrifugal/Centripetal Force钟摆,离/向心力

II. Mechanics of Materials材料力学

材料强度 Compressive, Compression压缩

1. Strength of Materials Tensile, Tension (Elongation, Extension)伸长

Shear, Shearing剪切

Linear, Hooke’s Law

Elastic弹性, Elasticity Non-linear

Viscoelasticity, Pseudo-elasticity, Super-elasticity

粘弹性,拟弹性,超弹性

应力应变关系塑性 Perfect Plasticity理想塑性

2. Stress-Strain Relation/Behavior Plastic, Plasticity Viscoplasticity, Viscosity黏性, Creeping徐变, Relaxation

Brittle脆性, Ductile柔性

Work Hardening/Softening, Strain Hardening/Softening

弹性模量,弹性系数 Young’s Modulus = Axial Stress / Axial Strain杨氏模量

3. Modulus of Elasticity, Elastic Modulus Shear Modulus = Shear Stress / Shear Strain剪切模量

Bulk Modulus = Volumetric Stress / Volumetric Strain体积弹性模量

破坏理论,失效准则,屈服准则 Maximum Principal Stress Theory最大应力准则

4. Failure Theory, Failure Criteria, Yield Criteria Shear Stress Theory

Mohr-Coulomb Theory库伦理论

1

《机械工程专业英语教程》课文翻译

Lesson 1 力学的基本概念 1、词汇: statics [st?tiks] 静力学;dynamics动力学;constraint约束;magnetic [m?ɡ'netik]有磁性的;external [eks't?:nl] 外面的, 外部的;meshing啮合;follower从动件;magnitude ['m?ɡnitju:d] 大小;intensity强度,应力;non-coincident [k?u'insid?nt]不重合;parallel ['p?r?lel]平行;intuitive 直观的;substance物质;proportional [pr?'p?:??n?l]比例的;resist抵抗,对抗;celestial [si'lestj?l]天空的;product乘积;particle质点;elastic [i'l?stik]弹性;deformed变形的;strain拉力;uniform全都相同的;velocity[vi'l?siti]速度;scalar['skeil?]标量;vector['vekt?]矢量;displacement代替;momentum [m?u'ment?m]动量; 2、词组 make up of由……组成;if not要不,不然;even through即使,纵然; Lesson 2 力和力的作用效果 1、词汇: machine 机器;mechanism机构;movable活动的;given 规定的,给定的,已知的;perform执行;application 施用;produce引起,导致;stress压力;applied施加的;individual单独的;muscular ['m?skjul?]]力臂;gravity[ɡr?vti]重力;stretch伸展,拉紧,延伸;tensile[tensail]拉力;tension张力,拉力;squeeze挤;compressive 有压力的,压缩的;torsional扭转的;torque转矩;twist扭,转动;molecule [m likju:l]分子的;slide滑动; 滑行;slip滑,溜;one another 互相;shear剪切;independently独立地,自立地;beam梁;compress压;revolve (使)旋转;exert [iɡ'z?:t]用力,尽力,运用,发挥,施加;principle原则, 原理,准则,规范;spin使…旋转;screw螺丝钉;thread螺纹; 2、词组 a number of 许多;deal with 涉及,处理;result from由什么引起;prevent from阻止,防止;tends to 朝某个方向;in combination结合;fly apart飞散; 3、译文: 任何机器或机构的研究表明每一种机构都是由许多可动的零件组成。这些零件从规定的运动转变到期望的运动。另一方面,这些机器完成工作。当由施力引起的运动时,机器就开始工作了。所以,力和机器的研究涉及在一个物体上的力和力的作用效果。 力是推力或者拉力。力的作用效果要么是改变物体的形状或者运动,要么阻止其他的力发生改变。每一种

材料力学词汇

材料力学常用英文词汇 弹性力学elasticity 弹性理论theory of elasticity 均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress 应力不变量stress invariant 应变不变量strain invariant 应变椭球strain ellipsoid 均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain 应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility 拉梅常量Lame constants 各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity 旋转圆盘rotating circular disk 楔wedge 开尔文问题Kelvin problem 布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem 艾里应力函数Airy stress function 克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis 板Plate 矩形板Rectangular plate 圆板Circular plate 环板Annular plate 波纹板Corrugated plate 加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate 中厚板Plate of moderate thickness 弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 壳Shell 扁壳Shallow shell 旋转壳Revolutionary shell 球壳Spherical shell [圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell 锥壳Conical shell 环壳Toroidal shell 封闭壳Closed shell 波纹壳Corrugated shell 扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function 半逆解法semi-inverse method 瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method 松弛法Relaxation method 莱维法Levy method 松弛Relaxation 量纲分析Dimensional analysis

力学专业英语10

Lesson 10 Vibrations of a single particle When a medium is disturbed by the passage of a wave through it, the particles comprising the medium are caused to vibrate. To take a simple example, corks floating on the surface of a pond will bob up and down owing to the influence of water waves. The bob of a simple pendulum and the weight hanging freely from the end of a spring are other examples of particles which may be set in vibration, and most readers will have a good mental picture of these vibrate. The motion of a vibrating particle is periodic, that is, after equal intervals of time the system finds itself in exactly the same situation. The bob of the pendulum, for example, is found to be at the same position, moving with the same velocity and acceleration as it was T seconds earlier, and these quantities will be the same T, 2T , 3T, etc. Seconds later. During the interval of one period, a vibrating system is said to go through a cycle of situation, and the frequency is defined as the number of cycles occurring in one second. Clearly, then ,f=1/T, the dimension of f is second-1 . This unit is termed the hertz. The simplest kind of periodic motion is that experienced by a point, moving along a straight line, whose acceleration is directed towards a fixed point on the line and is proportional to its distance from the fixed point. This is called simple harmonic motion. Suppose a point P

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

第一部分必须掌握,第二部分尽量掌握 第一部分: 1 Finite Element Method 有限单元法 2 专业英语Specialty English 3 水利工程Hydraulic Engineering 4 土木工程Civil Engineering 5 地下工程Underground Engineering 6 岩土工程Geotechnical Engineering 7 道路工程Road (Highway) Engineering 8 桥梁工程Bridge Engineering 9 隧道工程Tunnel Engineering 10 工程力学Engineering Mechanics 11 交通工程Traffic Engineering 12 港口工程Port Engineering 13 安全性safety 17木结构timber structure 18 砌体结构masonry structure 19 混凝土结构concrete structure 20 钢结构steelstructure 21 钢-混凝土复合结构steel and concrete composite structure 22 素混凝土plain concrete 23 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 24 钢筋rebar 25 预应力混凝土pre-stressed concrete 26 静定结构statically determinate structure 27 超静定结构statically indeterminate structure 28 桁架结构truss structure 29 空间网架结构spatial grid structure 30 近海工程offshore engineering 31 静力学statics 32运动学kinematics 33 动力学dynamics 34 简支梁simply supported beam 35 固定支座fixed bearing 36弹性力学elasticity 37 塑性力学plasticity 38 弹塑性力学elaso-plasticity 39 断裂力学fracture Mechanics 40 土力学soil mechanics 41 水力学hydraulics 42 流体力学fluid mechanics 43 固体力学solid mechanics 44 集中力concentrated force 45 压力pressure 46 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 47 均布压力uniform pressure 48 体力body force 49 重力gravity 50 线荷载line load 51 弯矩bending moment 52 torque 扭矩 53 应力stress 54 应变stain 55 正应力normal stress 56 剪应力shearing stress 57 主应力principal stress 58 变形deformation 59 内力internal force 60 偏移量挠度deflection 61 settlement 沉降 62 屈曲失稳buckle 63 轴力axial force 64 允许应力allowable stress 65 疲劳分析fatigue analysis 66 梁beam 67 壳shell 68 板plate 69 桥bridge 70 桩pile 71 主动土压力active earth pressure 72 被动土压力passive earth pressure 73 承载力load-bearing capacity 74 水位water Height 75 位移displacement 76 结构力学structural mechanics 77 材料力学material mechanics 78 经纬仪altometer 79 水准仪level 80 学科discipline 81 子学科sub-discipline 82 期刊journal ,periodical 83文献literature 84 ISSN International Standard Serial Number 国际标准刊号 85 ISBN International Standard Book Number 国际标准书号 86 卷volume 87 期number 88 专著monograph 89 会议论文集Proceeding 90 学位论文thesis, dissertation 91 专利patent 92 档案档案室archive 93 国际学术会议conference 94 导师advisor 95 学位论文答辩defense of thesis 96 博士研究生doctorate student 97 研究生postgraduate 98 EI Engineering Index 工程索引 99 SCI Science Citation Index 科学引文索引

力学专业英语词组+解释

拉力tensile force 正应力normal stress 切应力shear stress 静水压力hydrostatic pressure 集中力concentrated force 分布力distributed force 线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress andstrain 弹性模量modulus of elasticity 横向力lateral force transverse force 轴向力axial force 拉应力tensile stress 压应力compressive stress 平衡方程equilibrium equation 静力学方程equations of static 比例极限proportional limit 应力应变曲线stress-strain curve 拉伸实验tensile test‘ 屈服应力yield stress 极限应力ultimate stress 轴shaft 梁beam 纯剪切pure shear 横截面积cross-sectional area 挠度曲线deflection curve 曲率半径radius of curvature 曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature 纵轴longitudinal axis 悬臂梁cantilever beam 简支梁simply supported beam 微分方程differential equation 惯性矩moment of inertia 静矩static moment 扭矩torque moment 弯矩bending moment 弯矩对x的导数derivative of bending moment with respect to x 弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁statically determinate beam 静不定梁statically indeterminate beam 相容方程compatibility equation 补充方程complementary equation 中性轴neutral axis 圆截面circular cross section 两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends

土木工程专业英语原文及翻译

土木工程专业英语原文 及翻译 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

08 级土木(1) 班课程考试试卷 考试科目专业英语 考试时间 学生姓名 所在院系土木学院 任课教师 徐州工程学院印制 Stability of Slopes Introduction Translational slips tend to occur where the adjacent stratum is at a relatively shallow depth below the surface of the slope:the failure surface tends to be plane and roughly parallel to the slips usually occur where the adjacent stratum is at greater depth,the failure surface consisting of curved and plane sections. In practice, limiting equilibrium methods are used in the analysis of slope stability. It is considered that failure is on the point of occurring along an assumed or a known failure surface.The shear strength required to maintain a condition of limiting equilibrium is compared with the available shear strength of the soil,giving the average factor of safety along the failure surface.The problem is considered in two dimensions,conditions of plane strain being assumed.It has been shown that a two-dimensional analysis gives a conservative result for a failure on a three-dimensional(dish-shaped) surface. Analysis for the Case of φu =0 This analysis, in terms of total stress,covers the case of a fully saturated clay under undrained conditions, . For the condition immediately after construction.Only moment equilibrium is considered in the analysis.In section, the potential failure surface is assumed to be a circular arc. A trial failure surface(centre O,radius r and length L a where F is the factor of safety with respect to shear strength.Equating moments about O:

土木工程专业英语正文课文翻译

第一课土木工程学 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 领域。因为包含范围太广,土木工程学又被细分为大量的技术专业。不同类型的工程需要多种不同土木工程专业技术。一个项目开始的时候,土木工程师要对场地进行测绘,定位有用的布置,如地下水水位,下水道,和电力线。岩土工程专家则进行土力学试验以确定土壤能否承受工程荷载。环境工程专家研究工程对当地的影响,包括对空气和地下水的可能污染,对当地动植物生活的影响,以及如何让工程设计满足政府针对环境保护的需要。交通工程专家确定必需的不同种类设施以减轻由整个工程造成的对当地公路和其他交通网络的负担。同时,结构工程专家利用初步数据对工程作详细规划,设计和说明。从项目开始到结束,对这些土木工程专家的工作进行监督和调配的则是施工管理专家。根据其他专家所提供的信息,施工管理专家计算材料和人工的数量和花费,所有工作的进度表,订购工作所需要的材料和设备,雇佣承包商和分包商,还要做些额外的监督工作以确保工程能按时按质完成。 贯穿任何给定项目,土木工程师都需要大量使用计算机。计算机用于设计工程中使用的多数元件(即计算机辅助设计,或者CAD)并对其进行管理。计算机成为了现代土木工程师的必备品,因为它使得工程师能有效地掌控所需的大量数据从而确定建造一项工程的最佳方法。 结构工程学。在这一专业领域,土木工程师规划设计各种类型的结构,包括桥梁,大坝,发电厂,设备支撑,海面上的特殊结构,美国太空计划,发射塔,庞大的天文和无线电望远镜,以及许多其他种类的项目。结构工程师应用计算机确定一个结构必须承受的力:自重,风荷载和飓风荷载,建筑材料温度变化引起的胀缩,以及地震荷载。他们也需确定不同种材料如钢筋,混凝土,塑料,石头,沥青,砖,铝或其他建筑材料等的复合作用。 水利工程学。土木工程师在这一领域主要处理水的物理控制方面的种种问题。他们的项目用于帮助预防洪水灾害,提供城市用水和灌溉用水,管理控制河流和水流物,维护河滩及其他滨水设施。此外,他们设计和维护海港,运河与水闸,建造大型水利大坝与小型坝,以及各种类型的围堰,帮助设计海上结构并且确定结构的位置对航行影响。 岩土工程学。专业于这个领域的土木工程师对支撑结构并影响结构行为的土壤和岩石的特性进行分析。他们计算建筑和其他结构由于自重压力可能引起的沉降,并采取措施使之减少到最小。他们也需计算并确定如何加强斜坡和填充物的稳定性以及如何保护结构免受地震和地下水的影响。 环境工程学。在这一工程学分支中,土木工程师设计,建造并监视系统以提供安全的饮用水,同时预防和控制地表和地下水资源供给的污染。他们也设计,建造并监视工程以控制甚至消除对土地和空气的污染。

最新力学专业英语3 圆棒的扭转

圆棒的扭转 让我们设想一下,一个具有圆形横截面的棒被作用在其末端的力偶扭转(如图1)。以这种方式加载的棒据称是处于纯扭转。从考虑对称性可以看出,圆棒的横截面在纵轴方向是作为刚体扭转的,半径依然是直的,横截面是圆形的。并且,如果棒扭转的总角度比较小的话,棒的长度和半径都不会改变。 在扭转期间,对应于棒的一端,棒的另一端绕着纵轴会发生扭转。例如,如果我们把棒的左端看做固定的,那么对应于棒的左端,棒的右端会旋转一个角度。同时,棒表面的纵向线例如nn,会旋转一个小的角度到位置。因为扭转,棒表面的矩形单元,例如图中所示的在两个横截面之间相距的单元,被扭转成长菱形。 当一个杆状物承受纯扭转时,扭转角的变化率沿着棒的长度方向是恒定不变的。这个常数代表单位长度的扭转角,用符合表示。这样,我们得出,L是轴的长度。然后,我们可以得到切应变。作用在单元边线处的切应力有图1所示的方向。对于线弹性材料,切应力大小是。等式(1)(2)把杆状物的应变和应力与单位长度的扭转角联系起来。 杆状物内部的应力表述用的方式类似于用于杆状物表面的表述 方式。因为棒横截面的半径依然是直的,在扭转时没有扭曲,我们看到位于半径为的圆柱体表面的内部单元,是纯剪切并伴随着对应的切应变,应力可以从下述的表达式得出。这些等式表明,从轴心处切应力和切应变随着径向距离是线性变化的,

并且在外表面达到最大值。 作用在横截面的切应力,由等式(3b)给出,伴随着作用在杆状物纵向平面的相等的切应力。这个结果是从这样一个事实得到的,就是相等的切应力总是存在于相互垂直的平面。如果材料纵向受剪弱于侧向受剪(例如,木材),受扭杆状物的第一次断裂将会出现在它的纵向表面。 杆状物表面的纯剪切应力的表述等效于,对于杆状物轴扭转 的单元上的拉应力和压应力。如果一种受拉比受剪弱的材料受扭,那么材料将会沿着与轴成的螺旋线处以收缩的方式失效。通过扭转一支粉笔的方式就可以很容易的演示这种失效。 可以建立施加的扭矩T和产生的扭转角间的关系。切应力的合力必须静定的等于合扭矩。作用在单元面积上的剪切力是,这个力对于棒轴的力矩是。在等式(3b)中,力矩等于。合力矩T是整个横截面上的单元力矩的总和,因此,总和,因此, ,是圆截面的极惯性矩。从等式(4)我们可以得到,是单位长度的扭转角,与扭矩T成正比,与乘积是相反的,是杆的扭转刚度。

专业英语

Chapter 1 物流管理logistics management 客户服务customer service 物资搬运material handling 订单处理order processing 需求处理demand forecasting 退货处理return goods handling 零配件和服务支持parts and service support 工厂及仓库选址factory and warehouse site selection 存货管理inventory management 逆向物流reverse logistics 产出点point of origin 消费点point of consumption 物流成本logistics cost 条码bar coding 销售损失lost sale 内部成本internal cost 退货处理成本return goods handling 外部成本external cost 潜在的销售potential future sale 订单传输order transmittal 运输成本transportation cost 订单输入order entry 进货渠道inbound channel 批量成本lot quantity cost 出货渠道outbound channel 缺货stockout 订单处理成本order processing cost 库存持有成本inventory carrying cost 需求预测demanding forecasting 资金成本capital cost 销售沟通distribution communication 仓储空间成本storage space cost 电子数据交换系统electronic data interchange 风险成本risk cost 卫星数据传输satellite data transmission Chapter 2 供应链supply chain 人力资源human resource 最终用户end-customer 上游供应商upper stream supplier 供应链管理supply chain management 供应链整合supply chain integration 货物流product flow 下游企业down stream firm 核心能力core competency 物资供应material procurement 信息流information flow 供应链战略管理Supply chain strategy 多数供应商战略Many suppliers strategy 少数供应商战略Few suppliers strategy 纵向整合战略Vertical integration 企业集团Keiretsu networks 虚拟企业Virtual company 前项整合Foreward integration 后项整合Backward integration 规模经济Economy of scale 成本降低Cost reduction Chapter 3 产品移动product movement 门到门door-to-door

力学专业英语资料(一)考研必备

I. Theoretical Mechanics理论力学 Gravitational Force, Gravity 重力 Concurrent Force汇交力, Coplanar Force共面力 Force, Torque / Moment扭矩, Couple 约束力,反应,被动力,内力 Constraint Force, Reaction, Passive Force, Internal/External Force 静力学直角坐标分量,合力,平行四边形准则 Rectangular Components, Resultant Force, Parallelogram Law 1. Statics Composition of Force力的合成, Free Body Diagram隔离体 Vector (Magnitude, Direction)矢量, Scalar标量 静力平衡平衡方程平衡条件Net Force = 0 Static Equilibrium, Equation of Equilibrium, Conditions for Equilibrium Net Torque/Moment = 0 Rectilinear Movement Motion of Particle粒子运动 Curvilinear Movement 运动学 Translation平移 2. Kinematics Motion of Rigid Body刚体运动 Rotation扭转 Linear线性的 Velocity速度, Acceleration加速度 Angular有角的 Momentum, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy动量,动能,势能 动力学Moment of Inertia (Rectangular, Polar), Radius of Gyration惯性矩,回转半径 3. Dynamics, Kinetics Centroid (Center of Mass/Gravity)中心 Vibration, Oscillation (Free/Forced/Damped/Undamped)振动 Simple Harmonic Motion, Period, Frequency简谐振动,周期,频率 Pendulum, Centrifugal/Centripetal Force钟摆,离/向心力 II. Mechanics of Materials材料力学 材料强度 Compressive, Compression压缩 1. Strength of Materials Tensile, Tension (Elongation, Extension)伸长 Shear, Shearing剪切 Linear, Hooke’s Law Elastic弹性, Elasticity Non-linear Viscoelasticity, Pseudo-elasticity, Super-elasticity 粘弹性,拟弹性,超弹性 应力应变关系塑性 Perfect Plasticity理想塑性 2. Stress-Strain Relation/Behavior Plastic, Plasticity Viscoplasticity, Viscosity黏性, Creeping徐变, Relaxation Brittle脆性, Ductile柔性 Work Hardening/Softening, Strain Hardening/Softening 弹性模量,弹性系数 Young’s Modulus = Axial Stress / Axial Strain杨氏模量 3. Modulus of Elasticity, Elastic Modulus Shear Modulus = Shear Stress / Shear Strain剪切模量 Bulk Modulus = Volumetric Stress / Volumetric Strain体积弹性模量 破坏理论,失效准则,屈服准则 Maximum Principal Stress Theory最大应力准则 4. Failure Theory, Failure Criteria, Yield Criteria Shear Stress Theory Mohr-Coulomb Theory库伦理论 1

土木工程专业英语课文原文及对照翻译

土木工程专业英语课文原 文及对照翻译 Newly compiled on November 23, 2020

Civil Engineering Civil engineering, the oldest of the engineering specialties, is the planning, design, construction, and management of the built environment. This environment includes all structures built according to scientific principles, from irrigation and drainage systems to rocket-launching facilities. 土木工程学作为最老的工程技术学科,是指规划,设计,施工及对建筑环境的管理。此处的环境包括建筑符合科学规范的所有结构,从灌溉和排水系统到火箭发射设施。 Civil engineers build roads, bridges, tunnels, dams, harbors, power plants, water and sewage systems, hospitals, schools, mass transit, and other public facilities essential to modern society and large population concentrations. They also build privately owned facilities such as airports, railroads, pipelines, skyscrapers, and other large structures designed for industrial, commercial, or residential use. In addition, civil engineers plan, design, and build complete cities and towns, and more recently have been planning and designing space platforms to house self-contained communities. 土木工程师建造道路,桥梁,管道,大坝,海港,发电厂,给排水系统,医院,学校,公共交通和其他现代社会和大量人口集中地区的基础公共设施。他们也建造私有设施,比如飞机场,铁路,管线,摩天大楼,以及其他设计用作工业,商业和住宅途径的大型结构。此外,土木工程师还规划设计及建造完整的城市和乡镇,并且最近一直在规划设计容纳设施齐全的社区的空间平台。 The word civil derives from the Latin for citizen. In 1782, Englishman John Smeaton used the term to differentiate his nonmilitary engineering work from that of the military engineers who predominated at the time. Since then, the term civil engineering has often been used to refer to engineers who build public facilities, although the field is much broader 土木一词来源于拉丁文词“公民”。在1782年,英国人John Smeaton为了把他的非军事工程工作区别于当时占优势地位的军事工程师的工作而采用的名词。自从那时起,土木工程学被用于提及从事公共设施建设的工程师,尽管其包含的领域更为广阔。 Scope. Because it is so broad, civil engineering is subdivided into a number of technical specialties. Depending on the type of project, the skills of many kinds of civil engineer specialists may be needed. When a project begins, the site is surveyed and mapped by civil engineers who locate utility placement—water, sewer, and power lines. Geotechnical specialists perform soil experiments to determine if the earth can bear the weight of the project. Environmental specialists study the project’s impact on the local area: the potential for air and

各专业英文翻译

法学 Law Study 英语 English 日语 Japanese 信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science 应用物理学 Applied Physics 冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering 金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering 无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials 材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering 高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering 工业设计 Industrial Disign 建筑学 Architecture 城市规划 City Planning 艺术设计 Artistical Disign 包装工程 Packaging Engineering 机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation 热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering 水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering 测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements 电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation 自动化 Automation 通信工程 Communication Engineering 电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology 土木工程 Civil Engineering

流体力学专业词汇

流体动力学fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle 无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学fluid kinematics 水静力学hydrostatics 液体静力学hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理Kelvin theorem 涡片vortex sheet 库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox 雷诺数Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number 随体导数material derivative 不可压缩流体incompressible fluid 质量守恒conservation of mass 动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制体积control volume 液体静压hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差differential pressure 流[动] flow 流线stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线path, path line 流场flow field 流态flow regime 流动参量flow parameter 流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex 涡量vorticity

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