英语非谓语动词

非谓语动词

不定式

一·不定式的时态

1、一般时

1）不定式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态几乎同时发生或存在，用一般时。

I am glad to see you.

I saw her enter the room just now.

2)不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之后也用一般时。

My uncle asked me to see him this afternoon.

2、完成时

不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前，用完成时。

I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.

I regret to have been with you for so many years.

3、进行时

当谓语动词的动作或状态发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，用进行时。

They seemed to be talking about you.

The two cheats pretended to be working hard.

二·不定式的被动语态

不定式被动语态用于两种时态即：一般式和完成时

当句子的主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，如：

The girl is glad to be taken to the Summer Palace.

The book is said to have been put into English.

注意：Have you anything to be done this afternoon?

三·不定式的主动语态代替被动语态

1、当不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，且与句中另一名词（代词）有主谓关系

He has nothing to eat.

I will give you a book to read.

Would you bring a bench to sit on.

He made his speech easy to understand.

He made his speech easily understood.

2、在“主语+表语（形容词）+to do”中，主语也是不定式的逻辑宾语时

This text is easy to recite.

The computer is too expensive to buy.

注意：The house is to let.房子要出租。

四·不定式的用法

1、作主语

To know oneself is difficult.

To get up early makes us healthy.

以不定式作主语，动词用单数形式，也可用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句尾。

To tell a lie is wrong=It is wrong to tell a lie.

For +n.+to+v.

It is +adj.+

of

It is impossible for him to give up smoking.

It is very kind of you to help me.

2、作宾语

I like to go at this time.

He intends to try it.

常接不定式作宾语的动词有：want, like, hope, wish, expect, desire, intend, decide, try, manage, refuse……

否定词要放在不定式to的前面：

We decide not to go.

It作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to+v.能够这样用的动词有：find, think, believe, consider, make, take, regard……

I think it better not to go.

If you study hard, you will find it easy to learn English.

3、作表语

To see is to believe.

His wish is to become a scientist.

4、作宾语补足语

They think him to be honest.

I expect him to be a doctor.

5、作定语

I have some clothes to wash.

I have no pen to write with.

They had no house to live in.

This is a good music to dance with.

The last to do arrive paies the bill.

6、疑问词+to do作主语、宾语、表语

I do not know what to do .

I do not know how to do it.

I do not know which to choose.

I do not know whom to elect.

I do not remember when to begin.

注意：没有why to do 的用法

7、不定式作状语

（1）作目的状语

I come to see you. =I come in order to see you. = I come in order that I may see you.

= I come for the purpose of seeing you.

In order to let some fresh air in, I opened the window.

注意：目的状语用于句首不能用so as to替换

作结果状语

So+adj./adv. +to do

adj./adv.+ enough to do

He studied so hard as to pass the examination.

=He studied so hard that he passed the examination.

=He studied hard enough to pass the examination.

太……以至于不能……

=so+ adj./adv.+that+sb./sth.+cannot+v.

=not+ adj./adv.+enough to+v.

Y ou are too young to drive.

=Y ou are so young that you can’t learn to drive.

=Y ou are not old enough to learn to drive.

…too…to (不至于太……而不能)

Too…not to…(太……不会不……)

It is not too late to fight pollution.

He is so wise that he can know it.

…to +v.做某事很……

I am only too glad to meet you.

=I am very glad to meet you.

注意：too ready/anxious/eager…to+v非常……

She is too ready to help others.她随时准备帮助别人。

五·不定式to的省略

1、感官动词

See/watch/look at do 做过

hear/listen to +宾语+ doing 正在做

feel/notice done 被做

I saw him turn to the left and go away.

I can hear the girl singing in the next room.

I heard my name called.

2、使役动词

Have/make/let sb. do 让某人做……

I will have him come over.

变被动

I was made to tell the truth.

The thief is not let (to) escape.

3、do nothing but do 但是如果nothing but之前的动词不是do，则nothing but 后要用to。

The baby does nothing but cry.

4、省略to后的动词部分，避免重复，但要保留to

He asked her to go to the movies, but she does not want to.

注意：to后面有be/have do/have done/have been 时不能省略to

China is no longer what she used to be.

动名词

一·动名词的时态和语态（以write为例）

1、动名词的时态

1）一般时

时间观念不明确的动名词，与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动名词或动名词的动

作发生谓语动词的动作之后的动名词都用一般时。

The students are all interested in climbing mountains.

The engineer suggested bringing out a new type of computer.

2)完成时

动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前

My uncle did not mention having met my aunt.

I regret not having taken my assistant’s advice.

2、动名词的被动式

动名词的逻辑主语是该动名词所表示动词的承受者时动名词要用被动式。

These books must be returned to the library after being read.

He did not mind being left at home.

注意：want，need，require等动词后的名词的主动式表示被动含义

The house needs repairing.

Who wants taking care of ?

The young trees require watering.

Be worth doing =be worthy of being done =be worthy to be done 值得……

The picture is well worth looking at .=The picture is worthy of being looked at.= The picture is worthy to be looked at.

3、动名词的否定形式

Not doing

4、动名词的逻辑主语

（1）动名词作主语，其逻辑主语必须用名词或代词的所有格形式。

（2）动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可用名词或代词的所有格形式，也可用其宾格形式。（3）动名词的逻辑主语为无生命的名词或抽象名词时，则用原来形式，不必加’s

John’s coming back tomorrow excited all of us.

I am sure of my brother’s/brother passing the exam.

There is little chance of his/him being elected Mayor of the city.

I am sure of the news being true.

I am very glad of the exam being over.

二·动名词的语法功能

1、作主语

Laying eggs is her full-time job.

用it代替动名词作形式主语，如：

It is good practicing English every morning.

It is a waste of time arguing with him about it.

作there be 句型中的主语

There is no good smoking too much.

2、作表语

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.

Our aim is building socialism.

动名词作表语和不定式作表语用法的比较

（1）一般可以互换，但如果动词是一个具体的、个别的动作，还是以不定式为宜。

Our aim is to building socialism.

The work of the second week is to arrange the class meeting.

(2)习惯上主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式。主语是动名词时，表语也用动名词。

3、动名词作宾语

（1）只接动名词，不接不定式的动词有：

Complete完成finish 完成enjoy喜欢mind介意risk冒险suggest建议Understand了解report报告excuse原谅delay耽搁imagine想象miss错过Prevent阻挡give up放弃can not help 情不自禁put off推迟get enough 完成Burst out 突然consider考虑

（2）用作介词的宾语

Be/get used to 习惯于come to 谈到add to加上look forward to 期待

devote to 献身于stick to坚持lead to导致insist on 坚持get down to 开始

4、动名词作定语

（1）动名词和名词一样可用作形容词修饰名词，表示该名词的用途。

（2）现在分词用作形容词修饰名词表示该名词的动作或状态。

比较：

动名词作定语时a sleeping car= a car for sleeping

drinking water = water for drinking

a swimming pool = a pool for swimming

现在分词作定语时a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping

a dancing child = a child who is dancing

a drinking horse = a horse which is drinking

三·动名词在使用时应注意的几个问题

1、want/need/require doing= want/need/require to be done

2、Be worth doing =be worthy of being done =be worthy to be done 值得……

3、Way/pleasure/time/chance/plan/power of doing

Way/pleasure/time/chance/plan/power to do

4、there is no good/use/harm/hurry/point/sense (in) doing

5、it is no use/good ding

6、remember/forget/regret doing已做过

remember/forget/regret to do未做过

7、stop to do 停下来去做另外的事情和stop doing停止做某事

8、go on to do继续做另一件事和go on doing 继续作同一件事

9、try to do 努力去做

try doing 试着做某事

try to get there early.

I try cooking the meat in wine instead of water.

10、mean to do 打算做，想要做

Mean doing 意味着

分词

一·现在分词和过去分词的区别

1、现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动

I saw the boy beating the girl.

I saw the girl beaten by the boy.

2、现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示已经完成。

The sleeping boy is her son.

Look out! This is boiling water.小心这是开水。

Please give me some boiled water.请给我一些凉开水

二·分词的时态和语态

1、现在分词时态

（1）一般时

现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，用一般时。

I heard someone playing the piano in the next room.

(2)完成时

现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，用完成时。

Having realized his mistake , he made an apologize.

2、现在分词的被动语态

（1）一般时

现在分词和主句的主语成被动关系，且与主句的谓语动词同时发生，就用被动语态的一般时。

The building being built now is our physics lab.

（2）完成时

现在分词和主句的主语成被动关系，且发生在谓语动词动作之前，就用被动语态的完成时。

Having been sent to the countryside , he had to leave the city.

3、过去分词只有一般时，及物动词的过去分词一般既表示完成也表示被动，不及物动

词的过去分词一般只表示完成。

The building built last year is our teaching building.

Given more water, the flowers would have grown better.

四·分词的语法功能

1、分词具有动词的性质，所有可以有自己的补足语或宾语，也可以有状语修饰它。

2、分词具有形容词的性质，可在句中作表语，定语，宾语补足语或状语。

（1）分词作表语

The play is exciting.

I am excited at seeing the play.

The bottle is filled with water.

The glass is broken.

The glass was broken by Mike.

注意：作表语的过去分词表示状态；被动语态的过去分词强调动作。

(2)分词作定语

分词作定语相当于一个定语从句，一般情况下单个分词作定语前置，分词短语作定语后置。

He is a promising man.=He is a man who is promising.

He found a broken glass on the table.

单个分词作定语有时需要后置

Any person objecting must write down his name on the paper.

Most of the people singing were students.

比较一下三个句子：

The student to be criticized is in Class Two.要挨批评的那个学生是一班的。

The student being criticized is in Class Two.正在挨批评的那个学生是一班的。

The student criticized is in Class Two. 挨了批评的那个学生是一班的。

（3）分词作宾语补足语

Do做了某事

Sb. +感官动词/使役动词+O+ doing正在做某事

Done表示O被做

I couldn’t make myself understood.

He felt his heart beating wildly.

I have him write this word on the blackboard.

He got his shoes mended last week.

(4)分词做状语相当于状语从句

①时间状语

After he finished his homework , he went to sleep.=Having finished his homework, he went to sleep.

When the earth is seen from a spaceship, the earth looks like a blue green white ball.

=Seen from a spaceship, the earth looks like a blue green white ball.

②条件状语从句

If you work hard, you will pass the exam.=Working hard, you will pass the exam.

③伴随状语从句

He sat there and read some books.= He sat there reading some books.

④原因状语从句

Because he was born in a poor family, he had to study harder and harder.

=Being born in a poor family, he had to study harder and harder.

⑤结果状语从句

His old grandma died, an left Peter a lot of money.

=His old grandma died leaving Peter a lot of money.

⑥让步状语从句

Though he was warned of danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

=Warned of danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

⑦独立结构

主从句主语一致

Judging from his face , he must be ill.

Considering everything , John is not so bad after all.

[素能训练]：

1、 My father always asks me________ too much junk food.

A. don’t eat

B. not to eat

C. not eat

2、Though Alex had often made his little sister _______, today he was made ______

by his little sister.

A. cry; to cry

B. to cry; cry

C. cry; cry

3、-Look at the sun ! It' s too hot today.

--Yes. Why not your coat?

A. take off

B. take away

C. take out

D. take up

4、– Is Jack in the library?

- Maybe. I saw him ______ out with some books just now.

A. going

B. go

C. to go

D. went

5、I find ____very important to learn English well because it is an

international language now.

A .it B. its C. that D. this

6、Fang Fang is old enough ____to school.

A. goes

B. to go

C. went

D. go

7、Sunglasses are used for ____your eyes.

A. protected B .protect C. pretecting D. to protect

8、Mary was looking forward to ____to Kate’s birthday party.

A. inviting

B. being invited

C. invite

D. be invited

9、We saw his sister ____basketball when we went to the office.

A. play

B. played

C. playing

10、The headmaster said they would have __ library___.

A. another; built

B. other; built

C. another; build

D. other; building

[keys]:

1. A ask sb to do sth .让某人做某事

2. A make sb do sth 使某人做某事，在被动语态中把省略的动词不定式符号to给

补出来

3. A 由题干可知“今天太热了，你为什么不脱下你的大衣服呢？”take off “脱下”

4. B see sb do sth “看见某人做过某事”see sb doing sth”看见某人正在做

某事”由题意知选B

5.A 本题考查it作形式宾语，代替动词不定式短语to learn English well.

6.B 本题考查“形容词+enough+to do sth”句型。

7.C 本题考查动名词用于be used for 后作宾语。

8.B look forward to中to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语；去参加生日聚会应是被邀，

用被动语态，所以选 being invited.

9.C 本题考查现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在时进行。

10.A 本句考查another和have sth. done的用法。

人教版英语非谓语动词形式讲解及答案推荐精选

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人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全含解析百度文库

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