被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

被动语态讲解

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2) has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A new cinema is being built here．

4) was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5) had been done 过去完成时

例By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6) was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7) shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8) should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)

例The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一

宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为He was given a present by his

mother for his birthday.

3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

4)在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

3. 非谓语动词的被动语态

v.+ing 形式及不定式to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。

例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

二、如何使用被动语态

学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。

1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者(这时可省by 短语)。

例My bike was stolen last night.

2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

3. 为了更好地安排句子。

例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)

三、It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：

It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )

四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义

1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常是物。

例This kind of cloth washes well.

注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。

试比较：The door won't lock．(指门本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked．(指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)

2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。

例How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？

3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

例Your reason sounds reasonable

五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。

1．在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。

例The house needs repairing(to be repaired)．这房子需要修理。

2．形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。

例The picture-book is well worth reading．(＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．)

3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。

例I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。) 试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)

4. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。

例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).

5．在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。

例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.

6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。

例There is no time to lose(to be lost)．(用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁lost time 不明确。)

7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

例Who is to blame for starting the fire?

六、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义

表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。

1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control(受控制), under treatment(在治疗中), under repair(在修理中), under discussion(在讨论中), under construction(在施工中)。

例The building is under construction( is being constructed).

2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach(鞭长莫及)，beyond one’s control(无法控制)，beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及。

例The rumour is beyond belief(=can’t be believed)．

3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。

例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．4．“for+名词”结构，表示“适于……、为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent(出租)等。

例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).

5．“in+名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在视野范围内)，等。

例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)

6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show(展出), on trial(受审)。

例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).

7．“out of+名词”结构；表示“超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight (超出视线之外)，out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。

例The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)．。

8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。

例He took two days off within the teacher's permission.

被动语态习题

1. If city noises ____ from increasing，people ____ shout to be heard even at dinner．

A．are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have

C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to

2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are ____and perfected now.

A. developed

B. have developed

C. are being developed

D. will have been developed

3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off．

--- Yes，it all depends on the weather．

A．I've been told B．I've told C．I'm told D．I told

4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.

A. has completed

B. completes

C. has been completed

D. is completed

5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near

future.

A. cut

B. are cut

C. are being cut

D. had been cut

6. The new suspension bridge ___ by the end of last month.

A. has been designed

B. had been designed

C. was designed

D. would be designed

7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.

A. breaks

B. has broken

C. was broken

D. had been broken

8. Great changes ___ in the city, and a lot of factories ___.

A. have been taken place; have been set up

B. have taken place; have been set up

C. have taken place; have set up

D. were taken place; were set up

9. That suit __ over 60 dollars.

A. had costed

B. costed

C. is costed

D. cost

10. --- Look! Everything here is under construction.

--- What’s the pretty small house that __ for?

A. is being built

B. has been built

C. is built

D. is building

11.--- Do you like the material?

--- Yes, it ___ very soft.

A. is feeling

B. felt

C. feels

D. is felt

12. It is difficult for a foreigner ____ Chinese．

A．write B．to write C．to be written D．written

13. I have no more letters ____ ，thank you．

A．to type B．typing C．to be typed D．typed

14. Take care! Don’t drop the ink on your shirt, for it __ easily.

A. won’t wash out

B. won’t be washed out

C. isn’t washed out

D. isn’t washing out

15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ___.

A. be put up

B. give in

C. be turned on

D. go out

16. The computers on the table ___ Professor Smith.

A. belongs

B. are belonged to

C. belongs to

D. belong to

17. --- What do you think of the book?

---Oh, excellent. It’s worth ___ a second time.

A. to read

B. to be read

C. reading

D. being read

18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ___.

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

19. This page needed ___ again.

A. being checked

B. checked

C. to check

D. to be checked

20. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises

A. Having taught

B. Having been taught

C. taught

D. Teaching

21)It is said that a new robot ____by him in a few days.

A) designed B) has been designed C) will be designed D) will have been designed

22)We are late. I expect the film ____by the time we get to the cinema.

A) will already have started B) would already have started

C) shall have already started D) has already been started

23) She will stop showing off if no notice____ of her.

A) is taken B) takes C) will be taken D) has taken

24) Diamond ____in Brazil in 1971.

A) is found B) has been found C) was found D) had been found

25)“Have you moved into the new flat?”“Not yet. The room____.”

A) has been painted B) is painted C) paints D) is being painted

26) My pictures ____until next Friday.

A) won't develop B) aren't developed C) don't develop D) won' t be developed

27) Tim ____since he lost his job three weeks ago.

A) had been unemployed B) was unemployed

C) has been unemployed D) has unemployed

28) A great number of colleges and universities ____since 1949.

A) has been establish B) have been established C) have established D) had been established

29) I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we ____if we leave it here.

A) would be fined B) will be fined C) will being fined D) will have been fined

30)“____two tickets for t he new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”

A) They have been given B) I have been given

C) I am given D) They have given to me

31) The subject of these lectures ____by the lecture committee.

A) is announced B) have been announced C) are announced D) has been announced

32) I found an aspirin bottle ____dropped on the floor of David's room.

A) was B) had C) had been D) is

33)The goods ____when we arrived at the airport.

A) were just unloading B) were just been unloading

C) had just unloaded D) were just being unloaded

34) If one ____by pride, he will reject useful advice and friendly assistance.

A) overcomes B) is overcome C) has been overcome D) overcome

35) Most environment problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them

____taken in the past.

A) was not B) were not C) were not being D) had not been

36) You ought to have put the milk in the refrigerator, now ____sour.

A) I smell B) it is smelt C) it smells D) it is smelling

37) After the race____, the celebration began.

A) had been won B) is won C) will be won D)has been won

38) He was here for a little while, but I don't know where she ____now.

A) is B) was C) had been D) has been

39) The young teacher has ____ competent.

A) been proved to be B) proved to be C) been proved D) proved being

40) Pluto, the outermost planet of the solar system, ____photographically in March 1930.

A) discovered B) was discovered C) by discovery D) when discovered

41) To get a better view of the stage, ____.

A)our seats had to be changed B) our seats were changed

C) we had to change our seats D) our seats were changed by us

42) After synthetic____, engineers had a better choice of material.

A) created B) has created C) has been created D) had been created

43) I think much attention ____your pronunciation.

A) must be paid to B) ought to be paid to C) must pay to D) should be paid to

44) Since 1970, millions of enthusiasts ____Vitamin C, which they believe can remedy the common cold.

A) have taken B) have been taken C) have been taking D) have been taking

45) I don't remember ____the chance to try this method.

A)having been given B) to have been given C)having given D) to have given

46) We could ask someone to do the work privately without it____.

A) know B) be known C) being known D) to be known

47) The construction of the laboratory ____by the end of next month.

A) must be completed B) must have been completed

C) will be completing D) will have been completing

48) They would tell how the African ____on a ship to an American port.

A) was brought B) could have been brought

C) had been brought D) was to be brought

49) He does not possess a bicycle, this one he uses ____to Peter.

A) is belonged to B) belonged C) belongs D) is belonging

50) Negotiation ____again with Moscow tomorrow, a great event will be discussed then.

A) is to be opened B) is on the point of opening

C) is going to open D) opens

51) The reason for all the changes being made ____to us yet.

A) has not explained B) has not been explained

C) did not explained D) were not explained

52) Experiments in the photography of moving objects ____in both the United States and

Europe well before 1900.

A) were conducting B)were conducted C) had been conducted D) had conducted

53) When he turned the corner, he found himself ____by a man in black.

A) tailed B) been tailed C) was tailed D) had been tailed

54) A candidate for the democratic presidential nomination ____at this moment.

A) is interviewing B) being interviewed C) is being interviewed D) interviewing

55) As we approached the work site, the workers were seen ____the new house.

A) building B) build C) built D) to build

56) As we know, all the regulations in school ____.

A) must keep to B) must be kept C) must keep D) must be kept up

57) The composition ____any more.

A) need not to be corrected B) doesn't need to be corrected

C) doesn't need be corrected D) need not correct

58) The bank is reported in the local newspaper ____in broad daylight yesterday

A) to be robbed B) to have keen robbed C) robbed D)having been robbed

59) Hurry up, or the tickets ___out by the time we get there.

A) will have sold B) will sell C) have sold D) will have been sold

60) He cleaned the glasses carefully for fear that it ____.

A) was damaged B) should be damaged C) damaged D) would be damaged 【试题答案】

1—5ACADC 6—10BCBDA 11—15CBCAD 16—20DCCDB

21—25CAACD 26—30DCBBB 31—35DCDBB 36—40CAABB

41—45CDACA 46—50CACCA 51—55BCACA 56—60BBBDB

英语动词被动语态专项及解析

英语动词被动语态专项及解析 一、动词被动语态 1．The Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge in 2018. We are proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：港珠澳大桥竣工于2018年。我们为此感到骄傲。complete，完成，竣工；动词；与the Hong Kong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge 有动宾关系，且后者作主语，谓语动词要用被动语态be+动词的过去分词；由2018提示可知要用一般过去时，故选C。【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。 2．The students of Class One_________ how to do the experiment in class yesterday． A. taught B. was taught C. were taught 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意是：在昨天的课堂上学生们被教了怎样做实验。根据句意可知用被动语态，主语students 是名词复数形式，be 动词用 were，故选C。 【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态的用法。 3．He has ordered a watch on line for his father and it _______ to him before Father's Day. A. send B. will be sent C. was sent D. sent 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：他在网上为父亲订了一块表。将在父亲节前寄给他。It指代的是“表”，作主语，与谓语动词send是逻辑上的动宾关系，it是其承受者，用被动语态；从时态上看，表将在父亲节前寄给他，用一般将来时态，故选B。 4．----Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places. ----Oh, sorry. I'll stop right now. A. isn't allowed B. aren't allowed C. doesn't allow 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:----不要在这儿吸烟，爸爸。在公共场所不允许吸烟。----哦，对不起，我马上停止。“不允许吸烟”，吸烟smoking在句中作主语，用被动语态。动名词短语smoking作主语，谓语用三人称单数.故选A 5．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago. A. is raised B. was raised

2015整理被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

初中被动语态讲解及配套练习 一、主动语态与被动语态的概念： 注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主谓宾 →The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class. 主谓介词短语 ⑵Ｗe laughed at him . →He was laughed at by us. 二：注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法 时态动词的被动形式例句 一般现在时is done He is asked to do this. 一般过去时was done The story was told by her mother. 一般将来时will be done The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 现在进行时is being done The novel is being written. 过去进行时was being done At that time the desk was being made. 现在完成时has been done The house has been built. 过去完成时had been done They said that their work had been finished. 过去将来时would be done He said the trees would be planted soon.

三、被动语态的各种句型： １、Ｔhe song is liked by young people. (肯定句) ２、Ｔhe song isn’t liked by young people（否定句） ３、Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑问句） ４、Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?（特殊疑问句） 四、主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的宾语改成主语 ⑵动词改为变动形式be done(同时注意时态) ⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的 人或物，如果没有必要则省去 例：The man killed a tiger. →A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面) 五、特殊句型的被动语态： 1 含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel 等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：①Mother often makes me do some housework. →I am often made to do some housework by mother. ②We saw him run into the classroom. →He was seen to run into the classroom by us.

被动语态讲解与练习题

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