虚拟语气导学案及答案

M6 U3 Grammar Unreal conditionals 虚拟语气

【学习目标】Students are expected to learn when to use Unreal conditionals and how to use Unreal conditionals.

【知识准备】英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

条件状语从句分类

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

eg： 1. If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus.

2.If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.

3.If I were you,I would go at once.

4.If there were no air,people would die.

以上四句中和是真实语气；和是虚拟语气

【自主探究】一、状语从句中的虚拟语气

(一) if 引导的条件状语从句

1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting.

2. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad.

3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.

4. If he had come earlier, he wouldn’t have missed the first bus.

5 If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.

6 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.

7 If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him.

与现在事实相反与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

感悟：与现在事实相反

1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation.

2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games.

总结形式：

时态if条件从句主句

与现在事实相反动词用过去式be (were) Would /could/should /might +动词原形

练一练：If I were …____________________________________ If I had time …, _____________________________________译一译: 1.要是他现在在这儿，我们就会问他关于这件事。

If he were here now , we would ask him about it .

2.即使她现在在这儿，她也不能解决这个问题。

Even though she were/was here , she couldn't solve the problem. 感悟：与过去事实相反

1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car.

2. If the earthquake hadn’t happened in Wen chuan in 2008, many people wouldn’t have lost families.

总结形式：

时态if 条件从句主句

与过去事实相反动词用过去完成式would /could/should /might(not) +have done

练一练：1. If the farmer hadn’t seen the snake, he _______________ (not put) it in the arms.

2. If he ______________ (not put) it in the arms, the snake wouldn’t have bitten him.

3. If the snake _______________ (not bite) him, he________________ (not die).

4.If my lawyer ___________(not be here ) last Saturday , he ____________(prevent ) me from going .

4

如果我好好学习_____________________________________________________________

如果昨天我听你的建议，… ______________________________________________________ 如果我更小心地开车，… ________________________________________________________如果上个月没下雨，…

___________________________________________________________

感悟：与将来事实相反

1. In the future, if I had 10,000,000 yuan, I would buy a house.

2. If the water in the Pacific Ocean were to be poured out, it wouldn’t stop my love.

3. If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.

总结形式:

时态if 条件从句主句

与将来事实相反

练一练：

1. If everyone _____________ (help) those in need in future, the world would be a much better place.

2. If it _________ (be) fine this weekend, we would have a picnic.

3. If I _________(be admit to) a famous university in two years, I would treat you to a big meal.

4. If it _____________(snow) tomorrow, we would go skiing.

译一译：1.如果我今天下午看见他了，我会告诉他的。

2.要是我将来赚了一千万，我就自己建立一个学校。

3.他要是敢解雇我，我就泄露他所有的秘密。

（二）：条件状语的倒装：

如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他

1. If I were you, I would try it again. ___________________, I would try it again.

2. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.

_______________ there yesterday, he would have seen the film.

3. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. _____________ tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.

注意：在省略句型中，只有had done 的had 才能省略，实义动词had 不能省。

1If I had time now, I would go to the library. Had I time now, ……. (误）

（三）．错综时间条件句：假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。

1. If the weather had been fined, the crops would be growing still better.

2. If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.

3. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you __________(know) what we are doing now.

4.If you __________(take) my advice then, you _________________________(现在就不会有麻烦了)

5. _____ her husband _________(kill) in the war, she would not be helping others with housework now.

（四）：含蓄条件句：有时虚拟的条件不是通过条件句来表示，而是用一些词或短语，如without, but for, or , otherwise等，这种句子叫含蓄条件句。

1. But for electricity ( = If it were not for electricity ), there would be no modern industry.

2. Without your help (If it had not been for your help), we could not have succeed.

3. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.

Key: 1. would not have put2. had not put 3. had not bitten/would not have died

4.had not been here /would not have prevented

练一练：填入合适的动词形式。

1）Without air, there ____________no life on the earth. (be)

2）He __________________ but for his teacher’s timely advice. (fail)

3）We ___________________ the work better in that case. (do)

4）He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he _____________an important meeting to attend. (have)

Key:1) would be 2) would have failed 3) would have done 4) had

【巩固提升】

当堂训练：

1. If you __________ (speak) to him last time you saw him, you __________ (know) what to do now.

2. If I ____ (have not ) so much work to do , I __________ (not miss) the film last night.

3. If you _________ (hesitate) this moment, you_____ (suffer) in future.

4. If Mary ________________________ (arrive) today, she must have started three days ago.

5. If it ___________ (snow) last night, it ____________(be) very cold today.

6. ---Why didn’t he come? ----He ______________but she didn’t have time. (come)

7. She would put on weight but she __________(not eat ) enough.

Key: 1.had spoken 2.had not had /would not have missed 3.hesitated /would suffer 4.arrived 5.had snowed /would be 6.would have come 7.didn’t eat

8. 如果我早上出门带钱了，现在就不如此尴尬了。

9. 要不是你的帮助，我是不会成功通过考试的。

10. 她感觉不舒服，不然她不会那么早离开会场的。

11. 如果他没有生病并且错过了那么多的课，他就会取得更大的进不了。

12. 如果不是你的建议，我们不可能克服这些困难。

13. 如果不是窗户开着睡觉，你就不会感冒了。

14. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则的话，我就会给他打电话了。

15. 如果不是英语老师的帮助，我们就不可能赢得英语写作竞赛一等奖了。

16.如果我们继续这样折腾地球，我们将来将无立足之地。

单项选择

1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right.

A. would be

B. would have been

C. were

D. may be

2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were

B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be

D. If the captain would have been

3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know.

A. should call

B. should not have been able

C. were not able

D. are not able

4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission.

A. may get

B. might get

C. should have called

D. maybe get

5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave

B. Was he leaving

C. Were he to leave

D. If he leaves

6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party.

A. Was

B. Had been

C. Will be

D. Were

7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now.

A. must have been

B. would have been

C. were

D. would be

8. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years.

A. would have won

B. won

C. must have won

D. did have won

9. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise.

A. being there

B. should there be

C. there was

D. there having been

10. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now.

A. be

B. circles

C. is circling

D. be circling

11. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .

A. if he didn’t get a flat tire

B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened

C. had he not had a flat tire

D. had the tire not flattened itself

12. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________.

A. will not have been achieved

B. have not been achieved

C. would not have been achieved

D. had not been achieved

13. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.

A. would come

B. came

C. would have come

D. had come

14. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.

A. would tell

B. will tell

C. have told

D. would have told

15. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.

A. If, didn’t leave

B. Had not, left

C. Hadn’t, left

D. Didn’t, leave

16. If you _____ smoke, please go outside because this is a non-smoking office.

A. must

B. should

C. can

D. may

17. If Sanlu Group melamine to the milk, the babies too much from kidney stone.

A. didn’t add; would not suffered

B. hadn’t added; wouldn’t have suffered

C. hasn’t added; wouldn’t have suffered

D. hadn’t added; would have suffered

18. If the printer_______ break down under guarantee, we would repair it at our expense.

A. may

B. could

C. might

D. should

19. I ______ the poor rabbit, but I didn’t have the right drugs with me at that moment.

A. saved

B. had saved

C. could save

D. could have saved

20. . —But for your timely warning, we into great trouble.

—You know we’re friends.

A. would get

B. must have got

C. would have got

D. couldn’t have got

21. --- You promised to come to my dinner party last night bu t you didn’t turn up.

--- I ______, but something unexpected happened just before I left.

A. would like to have

B. should like to

C. am going to

D. like to

22. —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.

—I____ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.

A. attended

B. had attended

C. would attend

D. would have attended

Key :8.If I had brought some money with me this morning , I would not feel so embarrassed now .

. 9.But for /without / If it hadn’t been for your help, I couldn’t have succeeded in passing the exam.

10.She wasn’t feeling well. Or /Otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early.

11.If he had not been ill and missed many lessons he would have made greater progress.

12.Had it not been for your advice, we could n’t have overcome these difficulties.

13.If you had not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.

14.I didn’t know his telephone number. Otherwise, I would have called him.

15.But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

16.If we continued to toy with nature , we would not have standing room in the future . ABABC DDABA CCCAC ABDDC AD

a

虚拟语气导学案及答案

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高中英语语法课教案.doc

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虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 if从句主句 与现在事实相反if＋主语＋动词过去式主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形 与过去事实相反If ＋主语＋had＋过去分词主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实相反(1) if＋主语＋动词过去式主语＋should/would/could/ might＋动词原形 (2)if＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 (3) if＋主语＋should＋动词原形 如果明天下雨的话，我就不开车了。(明天的情况还不知道) _________________________________________ 如果我及时做的话，日子就好过多了。(可惜当时没能及时做) _________________________________________ 注意： 当条件从句的行为与主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，主从句中动词的形式要根据它所标示的时间作出相应的调整，这就是所谓的“错综条件虚拟语气”。如： If they had studied hard, _________________ now. 如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干得就会容易些了。 If ____________________ then , he wouldn't do it much better like this. 如果他当时不听我的建议，他就不会干得这么好了。 (4) 在条件句中，如果有were, had, should等，则可省略if，但应注意把were, had, should等提到从句主语之前。 如：如果他来，我将和他一道参加讨论。 __________________________________________________________________(5) 有些虚拟条件句没有从句，虚拟条件句是通过上下文或介词短语表示出来的，如：but for, without otherwise。 But for air and water, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气和水，地球上就没有生命。(介词短语but for提供了虚拟条件) 要是没有你的帮助，我不能有这样的成绩。 Without your help, ____________________. 2．虚拟语气在wish从句中的用法 宾语从句愿望 I wish 主语＋动词过去式现在不能实现的愿望 主语＋had＋过去分词过去不能实现的愿望 主语＋would/might＋动词原形将来不能实现的愿望 I wish _______________. 我希望我是个医生就好了。(现在) I wish t_____________________. 我希望我能帮助你。(将来) I wish _______________________.我希望我没有伤害过他。 3．虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用 (1) 在insist；command，order；demand，request，require，desire；advise, propose, suggest，recommend等表示“命令、要求、建议”的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如：He suggests that she _________________ at once. 他要她立刻离开这所房子。 He proposed that _________________________ by the view of development. 他建议我们应该用发展的眼光处理这个问题。 (2) 与上述动词相对应的名词suggestion, order, demand , proposal 等后的表语从句、同位语从句中也要使用虚拟语气(should可省略)。如： My proposal is that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我的建议是为这个计划设定一个上交的期限。

虚拟语气学案

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点评2分钟) If I ______(work) hard, I _________(have) money. If I ______(have) money, I __________(buy) a ticket. If I ______(buy) a ticket, I __________ (be) on board. If I ______(be) on board, I __________ (sail) for America.三．Make a Dialogue (different answers are welcome! 同桌进行，学生点评 4分钟) 1.If today were the first day of winter holiday, what would you do? 2.If you had no homework in the holiday, what would you do? 四．翻译并观察本文中if虚拟语气，完成填空（小组合作完成，展示结果，学生点评共计10min）

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He is the teacher in charge. P=1 - He speaks as if he is the teacher. - Yep, he could be. 0≤P≤1 He speaks as if he were the teacher. P=0 中文里的虚拟语气标志词 早知道.... 恨不得.... 要不是.... 换做是.... P=0 时态 have done do will do 现在之前现在现在之后 had done did would do 过去之前过去过去之后

If he were to see you, he would cry. If he saw you, he would cry. If he had seen you, he would have cried. 1. If the new safety system to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put

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Grammar-------Subjective mood Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Aim Help the students to use the subjunctive mood correctly in different situations. 2.Ability Aim To learn the subjunctive mood freely and properly in speaking and writing. 3.Emotional Aims 1)Encourage the students learn more about the grammar. 1)Help the students to form the good habit in learning. 1)Encourage the students to do more exercise consolidate the knowledge. Teaching Important Point Enable the students to use the correct form o f of the subjunctive mood Teaching Difficult Point To know the differences between the attributive and the predicative. Teaching Methods: Summarizing,comparative method;practicing activities Teaching Aids Multi-media classroom and other normal teaching tools Teaching Procedure StepⅠGreeting Greet the whole class. StepⅡDictation StepⅢHomework checking StepⅣGrammar 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实

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虚拟语气 By Carriecai 一．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping . If you had worked, you would have passed the exam. 二．介词短语代替条件句常用介词有with, without, but for等例句：We couldn’t have succeeded without your help . (if we hadn’t got your help) But for the rain , we would have finished the work .(If it hadn’t been for the rain) 三．用一个副词或者连词表示虚拟条件句 例句：He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .( if he hadn’t telephoned to inform…) 注意倒装结构 如果虚拟条件句中含有were ,should ,had, 可以把if省略，而把这些词提到句首. Were I you , I wouldn’t do that . Had you come earlier , you would have seen him . 四．用动词的过去时表示与现在或者将来事实相反，用动词的过去完成时表示与过去事实相反. 1.在wish引导的宾语从句中 I wish I were as clever as you . I wish I had finished my homework yesterday . 在wish后面所接的从句用would / could +动词原形表示与将来事实相反. I wish I could fly to the moon one day . 2.在as if / though 引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中 He looks as if he were an artist . He talks as if he had really been to the heaven . 但如果是真实条件句，则不用虚拟语气. It looks as if it is going to rain. 3.If only 引导的感叹句中 If only I were a bird .

高二虚拟语气优质教案

The Fifth Period 第五课时 Grammar The usage of The Subjective Mood I Teaching aims 1. Ss are able to discover and master the useful structures of The Subjective Mood 2. Ss are able to know how to use past participle II Teaching procedures Step1 find the definition of the subjective mood 【观察】 1.If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 2.I wish I could pass the examination. 【归纳】 虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 1.虚拟语气在if条件从句中的使用 【观察】 1.If I were you, I would go to bed early tonight. 如果我是你，我今晚就会早点睡。 2.If you took the bus, you would be late for the film. 如果你坐公车去看电影，那么你就会 迟到。 3.If Jack had scored that goal, we would have won the football match. 如果杰克射进了那个 球，我们就会赢得那场足球比赛。 4.If she hadn’t come, I might have been in trouble. 如果她没来，我可能已陷入困境了。 5.I could help you if you had difficulty in doing your homework. 如果你做作业有困难，我 会帮助你的。 6.If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out. 如果明天下雨的话，他们就不会出去。【归纳】 注意：若从句中的谓语动词是be动词的话，一律用were。 【实践】 1.If he my advice, he wouldn’t have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 2. 翻译：如果我有足够的钱，我会周游世界。

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Grammar Unreal conditionals 虚拟语气 【学习目标】Students are expected to learn when to use Unreal conditionals and how to use Unreal conditionals. 条件状语从句分类 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 eg： 1. If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the bus. 2.If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories. 3.If I were you,I would go at once. 4.If there were no air,people would die. 以上四句中和是真实语气；和是虚拟语气 【自主探究】一、状语从句中的虚拟语气 (一) if 引导的条件状语从句 1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 2. If I were you, I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 3. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams. 4. If he had come earlier, he wouldn’t have missed the first bus. 5 If the headmaster came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 6 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 7 If he should make a mistake, you should not blame him. 与现在事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 If 条件状语从句的虚拟语气 感悟：与现在事实相反 1. If I were a doctor, I might save her life without hesitation. 2. If I stayed at home now, I could play computer games. 1. If I had earned a lot of money last year, I would have bought a car. 2. If the earthquake hadn’t happened in Wen chuan in 2008, many people wouldn’t have lost families. 总结形式：

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